lect1..ppt - 01/06/05 cda 6505 network architecture and client/server computing lecture 2 protocols...
TRANSCRIPT
Lect1..ppt - 01/06/05
CDA 6505 Network Architecture
and Client/Server Computing
Lecture 2
Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite
byZornitza Genova Prodanoff
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Outline
•Introduction•Layered Protocol Architecture•Key Features of a Protocol•TCP/IP Layers•TCP and UDP •Operation of TCP and IP•Internetworking Terms •Routers
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Introduction
• Layered protocol architecture• TCP/IP protocol suite• OSI reference model• Internetworking
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The Need for a Protocol Architecture
• Procedures to exchange data between devices can be complex
• High degree of cooperation required between communicating systems
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Example: File transfer
• Requires a data path to exist• Tasks:
– Activate data communication path– Source determines that destination is ready– File transfer app destination file management
app is ready store file for user– File format conversion
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Layered Protocol Architecture
• Modules arranged in a vertical stack• Each layer in stack:
– Performs related functions– Relies on lower layer for more primitive
functions– Provides services to next higher layer– Communicates with corresponding peer layer
of neighboring system using a protocol
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Key Features of a Protocol
• Set of rules or conventions to exchange blocks of formatted data
• Syntax: data format• Semantics: control information (coordination,
error handling)• Timing: speed matching, sequencing
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TCP/IP Layers
• Physical• Network access• Internet• Transport Application
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TCP and UDP
• TCP: – connection-oriented– Reliable packet delivery in sequence
• UDP:– connectionless (datagram)– Unreliable packet delivery– Packets may arrive out of sequence or
duplicated
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Operation of TCP and IP
• IP implemented in end systems and routers, relaying data between hosts
• TCP implemented only in end systems, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of data
• Each host on subnetwork has unique IP address• Each process on each process has unique IP port
number
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TCP Applications
• SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol• FTP: File Transfer Protocol• telnet: remote login
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Ethernet Example: Network Interface Card
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Ethernet Example: Network Interface Card
RJ-45 connector
AUI connector (Thicknet)
Thinnet connector
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Ethernet LAN Example:Attachment Unit Interface and Media Access Unit
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Ethernet LAN Example: Computers in a Bus Topology
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Ethernet LAN Example: Computers in a Star Topology
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Ethernet LAN Example: Computers in a Ring Topology
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OSI Reference Model
• Application• Presentation• Session• Transport• Network• Data link• Physical
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Internetworking Terms
• Communication network• Internet• Intranet• Subnetwork• End system• Intermediate system• Bridge• Router
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Routers
• Provide link between networks• Accommodate network differences:
– Addressing schemes– Maximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfaces– Network reliability
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