lecture 1 lecture 1 introduction to history of medicine. medicine of primitive society
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 1Lecture 1 Introduction to History
of Medicine.Medicine of Primitive
Society.
![Page 2: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PLAN
•1. Introduction to History of Medicine.
•2. Stages in the Development of Medicine
•3. Medicine of Primitive Society.
![Page 3: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction to History of Medicine.
•History of medicine is one of sections of general history of culture of humanity. She examines development of knowledges, related to the diseases, treatment of man, saving and strengthening of its health. The table of contents of medicine, level of precautionary measures, position of medical workers, always depended and depend on the socio-economic terms of life of humanity, framework of society, development of natural sciences, philosophy, technique. That is why to study history of medicine, correctly understanding its development is possible only in indissoluble connection with general history of humanity.
![Page 4: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History of Medicine
General Specialized(therapy, surgery)
![Page 5: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stages in the Development of Medicine
•Medicine of the Primitive Society•Medicine of the Ancient World•Medicine of the Middle Ages•Renaissance Medicine•Early Modern Medicine•Medicine in the 20th Century
![Page 6: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Development of Medicine is influenced by:
•Material conditions•Productive forces development•Philosophy and world outlook
![Page 7: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sources for Studying History of Medicine:
•Life of existing prehistoric (aboriginal) societies
•Written Evidence (manuscripts, printed sources, papyri, ceramics)
•Archaeology and Examination of Artefacts
•Multimedia evidence
•Ethnographic sources (customs, traditions, songs, etc.)
![Page 8: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Elements of systems of medicine
•Magic and Religion•Folk remedies•Elementary surgery
![Page 9: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Elements of systems of medicine
•Magic and Religion•Incantations•Dancing•Magic charms•Talismans•Various other measures
![Page 10: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Elements of systems of medicine
•Folk remedies•Potions•Herbs•Roots•Berries•Fruits
![Page 11: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Surgical Procedures practiced in ancient societies• Cleaning and treating wounds by cautery (burning
or searing tissue), poultices, and sutures.• Trepanation.• Resetting dislocations and fractures.• Using splints to support or immobilize broken
bones.• Laxatives and enemas to treat constipation and
other digestive ills.• Narcotic and stimulating plant extracts (digitalis, a
heart stimulant extracted from foxglove).
![Page 12: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Prehistoric Procedure
• Setting of Bones, Fractures and Dislocations
![Page 13: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prehistoric Procedure
• Treating Burns
![Page 14: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prehistoric Procedure
• Delivering Babies
![Page 15: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prehistoric Procedure
• Trephining, a remedy for demons, insanity, epilepsy, and headache.
![Page 16: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prehistoric Procedure
• Trephining
![Page 17: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Trepanation of the skull operation
![Page 18: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bronze knife for trepanation of the skull decorated with images of trepanation, found in Hamburg
![Page 19: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Skulls of ancient people who went through trepanation of the skull (regeneration of edges of trepanation openings). Copenhagen
![Page 20: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Skull of ancient man who died during trepanation of the skull (openings without regeneration signs)
![Page 21: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Herbalism• There is no actual record of when the use of
plants for medicinal purposes first started, although the first generally accepted use of plants as healing agents were depicted in the cave paintings discovered in the Lascaux caves in France, which have been Radiocarbon dated to between 13,000 - 25,000 BCE.
• Over time and with trial and error, a small base of knowledge was acquired within early tribal communities. As this knowledge base expanded over the generations, tribal culture developed into specialized areas. These 'specialized jobs' became what are now known as healers or shamans.
![Page 22: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Problems with Studying Prehistoric Medicine
• Archaeology and Examination of Artefacts• Compare with existing prehistoric societies
▫ Aboriginal societies
•No written Evidence•How can we overcome this problem?
![Page 23: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Archaeology and Artefacts
Excavation Techniques
Nomadic lifestyleWarriors/huntersKilled away from
Tribe/group
PrehistoricBurial Traditions
Skeletons not always helpful
Problems withArchaeology
Cave Drawing
![Page 24: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Medical Equipment used by Aboriginal People
![Page 25: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thigh osteosis of primitive man from Java island. Oldest example of human pathology.
![Page 26: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sacral mask used in ceremony of “banishing ancestors’ spirits”. Sri Lanka
![Page 27: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Burial ceremony in a “flower tribe”
![Page 28: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Paleolithic Venus
![Page 29: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Totem of tribe
![Page 30: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sacred animals of tribes
![Page 31: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sacred animals of tribes
![Page 32: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Problems with Studying Prehistoric Medicine
• Archaeology and Examination of Artefacts• Compare with existing prehistoric societies
▫ Aboriginal societies
•No written Evidence•How can we overcome this problem?
![Page 33: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nomadic Lifestyle
•Could be Surprisingly Healthy▫Fit and Active lifestyle▫Eat fresh food▫Little Pollution or Dirt
Move to new camps▫Low Population Density▫Little exposure to animals
![Page 34: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
All change with the Agricultural Revolution•When humans settled down to grow
crops and raise animals their health began to get worse.
Can you list why this may have been the case?
![Page 35: Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Introduction to History of Medicine. Medicine of Primitive Society](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94affe36/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Thank you for your attention!