lecture 10, 11, 12 - analysis.ppt

7/27/2019 Lecture 10, 11, 12 - Analysis.PPT

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ANALYSIS OF

ORGANISATIONS


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METHODS

Functional Divides organisation into its different functions.

Puts functions into seperate boxes so that cross

functional activities could get missed. Systemic

Divides organisation into systems.

Overcomes some of problems of functional analysisalthough tends to be a little artificial


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FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Corporate

Marketing Production Financial Purchasing

Sales Advertising Design Safety Treasury Accounting


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CORPORATE TREE

Holding Co.

Building

Owner

Liquor

DistillerInsurance

Company

Computer

Hirer

Financial

advice

Lessor Caretaking

Beer

brewerWine

importer

Whiskey

maker

Insurance

Broker

Investment

adviser


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SYSTEMS THEORY

Systems theory deals with messy anddifficult problems like organisational change.

A system is an assembly of components

connected together in an organised way.

The components are affected by being in thesystem and the behaviour of the system ischanged if they leave it.

This original assembly of components doessomething.

This assembly has been defined as being ofparticular interest.


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SYSTEMS BEHAVIOUR

The system carries out a physical processwhich is related to its aims.

Communicates information by a variety of

means.

Systems control their activities by monitoringboth their own internal situations and relevantenvironmental influences.


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INPUT-OUTPUT DIAGRAM

HEALTH CLUB

INPUT OUTPUT

CLIENTS

AEROBIC INSTRUCTORS

EQUIPMENT

SWIMMING POOL

ADMINISTRATORS

MASSEURS

WEIGHT TRAINERS

MONEY

FIT CLIENTS

PROFITS

INJURED CLIENTS

TRAINED INSTRUCTORS


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SYSTEMS

DIAGRAMS


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EXAMPLE OF A SYSTEM

HOSPITAL

NUTRITIONAL

FOOD PREPARATIONPHARMACEUTICAL

DISPENSINGDRUG

CONTROL

SURGERY

NURSINGMEDICAL ADVIcE

TRANSPORTING


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Electricity GPsAmbulance

Services

Morgue

Water

SupplyHOSPITAL

NUTRITIONAL

FOOD PREPARATION PHARMACEUTICAL

DISPENSINGDRUG

CONTROL

SURGERY

NURSINGMEDICAL ADVIcE

TRANSPORTING

Water

FoodSupply


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FLOW

CHARTS


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FACTORY FLOW CHART

Raw

Materials

Raw

Materials

Raw

Materials

Mixer

Bagger

Bagger

Finished

Good stores

Finished

Good stores


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GYMNASIUM FLOW CHART

CLIENTS

JOIN

MEDICAL

QUESTIONNAIRE

ACCEPT

REJECT

MEDICALOR

NO

QUESTIONNAIRE

OR

TRAINING

COLLECT FEES

AEROBICS

CLASSES

APPARATUS

SWIMMING

OR

RUNNING

FREEDOM OFUSE

FITNESS

TESTING


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METHODS OF ANALYSIS

Management by wandering about.

Group analysis.

Forms.


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any quest ions???


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MANAGEMENT BY

WALKINGABOUT

MBWA


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MBWA

Organise visit beforehand

Plan where to visit in the situation

Prepare a form to use to record visit

Note all that is seen

The form can be used for future visits or toensure that work is carried out


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SUGGESTED FORM

Site Date

Item Age Purpose Faults Recommendations

Band saw 2 yrs Cut metal

strips

Guard not

on machine

Arrange for

machine shop tore-install guard

Place


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PROS AND CONS

PROS Greater visibility for risk manager

Risk manager sees risk and understands it.

People get to know risk manager

CONS Expensive

Does not take into account other peoples view of risk.


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FORMS


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METHOD

Prepare checklists and send it to someone atthe plant or use it whilst visiting plant.

The form must be clear and unambiguous.

Various types of forms can be used.

A pilot form may be sent to ensure that it issuitable.

SECURITY CHECK LIST


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SECURITY CHECK LIST

Premises Alarm systems

Testing of alarms

Keyholders

All locks/bolts

Roof

External fencing and walls

Goods Raw materials store

Stock checks Finished goods area

Money

Signed......................(Plant Manager) Date.............

Counter-signed.....................................(Accountant)

Please ensure that all the items mentioned on this list have been checked.

When you are satisfied that all the items are satisfactory then sign the form

and have it counter signed before returning to the risk management department.

LIABILITY CHECKLIST


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LIABILITY CHECKLIST

Please read the descriptions provided for each of the following

activities, events, etc., and indicate which description is mostappropriate. The three descriptions are labelled A, B and C.

If you think that description A is most appropriate in a particular

case then place the letter A in the column headed Check here.

Should you have any problems in completing this form then please

contact the Risk Management Department. Return the form to the

Risk Management Department by the end of the month having hadit counter-signed


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Activity Check A B C

here Sub- Average High

Standard Standard Standard

Use of Guards are used Guards are in use Guards are always

machine only rarely and most of the time used and everyguards are often not and operational. guard is in

even in working excellent working

order order.

Use of face The masks etc. Masks etc are All masks are

masks and are rarely used used in most issued to staffother and not kept in an cases and and are worn

breathing easily accessible access is at all times.

apparatus place. reasonable.

Safety notices Few safety signs The usual In addition to

and other are visible and safety signs the normal signs

accident many are out are posted. there are a

prevention of date. number of notices

information. specific to the

plant


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FIRE CHECKLIST

This checklist is to be completed by the plant manager and

returned to the Risk Management Department by the end of this

current month. If any problems are encountered in completing the

form please telephone the Risk Management Department for

assistance. Where a negative answer is given please insert in the

action column what action you are taking or what action you

would suggest the Risk Management Department take.


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ActionNoYesDist ribut ion Bu i ld ing

Are all fire doors clear?

Are all the emergency fire exit signs in working order?

Is there at least 18ins from the sprinkler heads to the goods

on the top rack?Are all goods stacked neatly?

Is all heating equipment protected and in a safe place?

Is all waste material removed regularly?

Are all goods off the ground?

Are all unused pallets stored in the yard outside?

Is all combustible material stored in the brick built combustible

store?

Is the sprinkler test card marked up to date?

Is the fire alarm test card marked up to date?

...........?????

Are there any other points you wish to raise which are not

catered for by the standard form?

Are there any alterations you would suggest should be made

to the form as it stands?

Signed..............(Plant Manager) date of completion..........


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ADVANTAGES ANDDISADVANTAGES

Advantages Forms prompt the memory so person completing it does

not need to know about risk.

Inexpensive.

Simple.

Rapid comparison with previous years. Adaptable.

Disadvantages No direction is given about obtaining information about

the risk.

Could be inaccurately completed. Is completed subjectively which could lead to differing

standards.

There is difficulty in getting form completed.

It is questionable whether answers are valid.


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HAZOP

Hazard operability studies


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METHOD

1. Select particular section of plant to beconsidered.

2. Define its intention.

3. Ascertain deviations from its intention.

4. List the causes of the deviation.

5. Detail the consequences of the deviations.

6. Decide what action to take.


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FORM

GUIDE DEVIATIONS CAUSES CONSEQUENCES ACTIONS


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GUIDE WORDS

No or Not

This is the complete

negation of the

intention

No part of the intention is achieved, i.e. there

is no flow or no pressure. Nothing else

happens, there is simply no part of the

intention achieved.

More

Less

There is an increaseor a decrease in the

quantity of the

property

There could be more flow than was theintention or less flow.

Guide

Words Meanings Comments

The design intentions are achieved but an

additional activity occurs. e.g. water gets

into the system and flows into the petrol tankof a vehicle

There is a qualitative

increase in the

propertyAs well

as


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GUIDE WORDS

Part of

There is a

qualitative decrease

in the property

Only some of the intention is achieved and

some is not. This is not a quantitative

decrease that would be less thanbut is a

decrease in the quality of the property.

ReverseThe logical oppositeof the intention

An example of this could be where the flow isreversed or instead of boiling a liquid it is

frozen.

Guide

Words Meanings Comments

No part of the original intention is achieved

and something entirely different takes place.

For example some other liquid may be put inthe tank and then flow down the pipe to the

vehicle.

The complete

substitution of the

intentionOtherthan


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SECTION OF PLANT

Tank

PumpNozzle

Valve V2

Valve V1


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Guide Deviat ion s Causes Consequences Actions

No No flow

1. Tank empty

2. Inlet valve V1 is

shut3. Pump not

working

4. Other two

valves shut

5. Hose blocked

1-5 No petrol gets

to vehicles

4 Petrol seeps outof pipes

5 Hose bursts

1 Regular

checking of

tank.2,4 Valves

to be

checked

each day

3 Regular

maintenanceof the pump

More More flow1. Pump faulty 1. Spillage 1. Regular

maintenance

1. Pump faulty

2. Valves not fully

open

3. Hose partly

blocked

1-3 Longer to fill

tank in vehicle

1-3 As for

no flow

Less flowLess


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ADVANTAGES ANDDISADVANTAGES

Advantages Identification of possible risks carried out in an extensive

way.

Little danger of anything being omitted.

Examines each part in detail.

Disadvantages Time.

Expensive as a number of people are needed in the team.

This method may lead to simplification of the systemwhich could be dangerous.


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GROUP

ANALYSIS


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GROUP ANALYSIS

Form a number of groups from the differentsystems to discuss the risks.

These groups should be representative.

These groups should be totally open and noideas as to risks thrown out.

A form should be prepared to record thescenarios talked about together with the

evaluation.


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FORM FOR RISKIDENTIFICATION

DATESYSTEM

CODE

TEAM

SYSTEM

TASK

GUIDE WORD RISK SCENARIO CONSEQUENCES ACTION FREQ SEV COST


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MEASURE OF FREQUENCY

5 Occurs once a day.

4 Between once a day and once a week.

3 Between once a week and once a month.

2 Between once a month and once a year.

1 Occurs less than once a year


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Measure of severity

CODE

5

4

3

2

1

AFFECT ON

STRATEGY

Mission cannot be

achieved

Only half the missioncan be achieved

Mission can be

achieved but with

major delays

Mission not affected.

Delays but no loss

of business

No loss of business

AFFECT ON

PROPERTY

Property is destroyed

or damaged beyond

repair

Half the property isdestroyed or severely

damaged

Property is severely

damaged but can still

be used

Minor damage to

property not in excess

of 100,000

Minor damage less

than 50,000

AFFECT ON PERSONS

Death may be caused

Major injuries inflictedwhich lead to persons

being unable towork

Injuries inflicted which

can lead to people being

off work for at least one

yearInjuries to people which

lead to one month off

work

Minor injuries


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EXPECTED LOSS

Measure of frequency x measure of severity

Frequency = 4 and Severity = 2

Expected loss = 4*2 = 8

Can prioritise in this way

Cost of carrying out work not included


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COSTCOST DESCRIPTION

1 Cost less than 10,000

2 Cost between 10,000 and 50,000



5 Cost greater than 500,000


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PRIORITISATION OF RISKCODE (Frequency X Severity)/cost

551 25

434 3

333 3

235 1.15


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RISK PRIORITY CHARTRISK NUMBER OF COST CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVECODE SCENARIOS COST OF NUMBER OF

CONTROL RISKS

CONTROLLED

551 1 5,000 5,000 1

434 1 300,000 305,000 2

333 2 60,000 420,000 4

55,000

235 1 750,000 1,170,000 5


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PROS AND CONS

Pros Involves everyone.

More likely that all risks will be covered

Assists with implementation Cons

Time consuming and therefore expensive

Takes time for trust to grow in groups

Groups need to be properly managed


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any quest ions

???

lecture 10, 11, 12 - analysis.ppt

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