ISO14000The Environmental Standard

After the success of the ISO9000 series of quality standards, the International Standards Organization is nearing completion and publication of a comprehensive set of standards for environmental management.

This series of standards is designed to cover the whole area of environmental issues for organizations in the global marketplace.

ISO14000 - Introduction

uThe standard follows the approach of ISO 9000, using the tried methodology of plan, do check and review

uBut it differs in requiring organisations to commit to continuous improvement in environmental performance.

uAn EMS is basically a management tool to oversee the various environmental aspects of a company’s activities in a systematic way.

uContinuous improvement in environmental performance is assessed in periodic reviews or audits against objectives and targets

ISO 14000 - Introduction

BASIC REQUIREMENTS

uSay What You DouDo What you SayuRecord What You DiduCheck on the ResultuAct on the Difference

Plan

Check

Act

Do

PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT CYCLE

for continuous improvement

Write downwhat you did

Justify what you do

Do what you say

Record what you did (audit)

Review whatyou did

Revise what you will do

PLAN

DOCHECK

ACT

CORRECTIVEACTION

The ISO 14001 can be used for any of several purposes, such as,

ucreating an EMSuauditing an EMSuseeking third-party certificationuseeking customer recognition of an EMSudeclaring an EMS to the general public

ISO 14000- Introduction

ISO 14000 - IntroductionuThe best way to look at an environmental policy is to

think in terms of conservation of resources. In other words, waste as little as possible. The result is less environmental impact and better profitability. It would seem that Taguchi's axiom that quality is measure by the loss to society works equally well for environmental issues.

uOne recent survey of ISO 9000 registrars showed that over half of them are already planning to audit against the ISO 14000 standards.

Elements which can be Covered

uTraditional EnvironmentuStaff and Health SafetyuProduct Service Safety/IntegrityuPublic Safety

The General IssuesuPhysical PlanninguEnvironmental Impact AssessmentuAir EmissionsuEffluent DischargesuWater Supplies and Sewage TreatmentuWaste-normal and ToxicuPackaginguNuisances

The General IssuesuNoiseuRadiationuAmenities, trees, wildlifeuUrban renewal site derelictionuSafety Security of Service/productuMaterials and Energy UsageuPublic SafetyuStaff Health and Safety

The Specific Issues

uAll the general issues of relevanceuSite and Specific IssuesuOperational /Service IssuesuSupplier Issues

Packaging IssuesuOver-packaginguRedundancyuBiodegradabilityuToxicityuReusabilityuRecyclabilityuRetrievabilityuAlternative use after delivery

The ISO 14000 series emerged primarily as a result of the Uruguay round of the GATT negotiations and the Rio Summit on the Environment held in 1992.

While GATT concentrates on the need to reduce non-tariff barriers to trade, the Rio Summit generated a commitment to protection of the environment across the world.

The environmental field has seen a steady growth of national and regional standards.

History of Development

The British Standards Institution has BS 7750,

the Canadian Standards Association has environmental management, auditing, eco-labeling and other standards,

the European Union has all of these plus the eco-management and audit regulations,

and many other countries (e.g. USA, Germany and Japan) have introduced eco-labeling programs.

After the rapid acceptance of ISO 9000, and the increase of environmental standards around the world, ISO assessed the need for international environmental management standards. They formed the Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment (SAGE) in 1991, to consider whether such standards could serve to:

Promote a common approach to environmental management similar to quality management;Enhance organizations’ ability to attain and measure improvements in environmental performance; andFacilitate trade and remove trade barriers.

The new series of ISO14000 standards are designed to cover:

environmental management systems

environmental auditing

environmental performance evaluation

environmental labeling

life-cycle assessment

environmental aspects in product standards

A set of international standards brings a world-wide focus to the environment, encouraging a cleaner, safer, healthier world for all.

The existence of the standards allows organizations to focus environmental efforts against an internationally accepted criteria.

Why have these new standards ?

At present many countries and regional groupings are generating their own requirements for environmental issues, and these vary between the groups.

A single standard will ensure that there are no conflicts between regional interpretations of good environmental practice.

The fact that companies may need environmental management certification to compete in the global marketplace could easily overshadow all ethical reasons for environmental management.

Benefits of an Environmental Management

System

An organization should implement an effective environmental management system in order to help protect human health and the environment from the potential impacts of its activities, products or services; and to assist in maintaining and improving the quality of the environment.

Benefits of an Environmental Management System

Having an EMS can help an organization provide confidence to its interested parties that a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets;

emphasis is placed on prevention rather than corrective action;

evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided; andthe systems design incorporates the process of continual improvement.

An organization whose management system incorporates an EMS has a framework to balance and integrate economic and environmental interests.

An organization that has implemented an EMS can achieve significant competitive advantages.

Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS

uassuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management;

umaintaining good public/community relations;

usatisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital;

uobtaining insurance at reasonable cost;

uenhancing image and market share;

umeeting vendor certification criteria;

Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS

uimproving cost control;

ureducing incidents that result in liability;

udemonstrating reasonable care;

uconserving input materials and energy;

ufacilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations;

ufostering development and sharing environmental solutions;

uimproving industry government relations.

ISO14000The Environmental Standard

The ISO 14000 Series of Standards

ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems -Specification with Guidance for Use

ISO 14004 Environmental Management Systems -General Guidelines on Principles,Systems and Supporting Techniques

ISO 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -General Principles of Environmental Auditing

ISO 14011 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -AuditProcedures - Part 1: Auditing of EnvironmentalManagement Systems

ISO 14012 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors

ISO 14013/15 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -Audit Programmes, Reviews & Assessments

ISO 14020/23 Environmental Labeling

ISO 14024 Environmental Labeling -Practitioner Programs - Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of Multiple Criteria Programs

The ISO 14000 Series of Standards

ISO 14031/32 Guidelines on Environmental PerformanceEvaluation

ISO 14040/43 Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and Practices

ISO14050 Glossary

ISO 14060 Guide for the Inclusion of EnvironmentalAspects in Product Standards

The ISO 14000 Series of Standards

ISO 14004 Environmental Management Systems - General

Guidelines on Principles, Systems and Supporting

Techniques

ISO 14004 shares many characteristics with its cousin ISO 9004.

For one thing a company is free to shape its management system to fit the needs of its size, market and economic situation.

Also some of the elements of a management system are the same.

Summary

ISO 14004 outlines the general approach to an environmental system.

It includes many suggestions on how to design and implement an environmental management system.

ISO 14004 is actually a guideline standard intended to help any organisation to implement or improve an environments management system.

The EMS model follows the basic view of an organization which subscribes to the following principles.

The Principles and Elements of an Environmental Management

System (EMS)

Principle 1—Commitment and policyPrinciple 2—PlanningPrinciple 3—ImplementationPrinciple 4—Measurement & evaluationPrinciple 5—Review and improvement

The Principles and Elements of an Environmental Management

System (EMS)

Review& Improvement

Measurement

& Evaluation

Continual ImprovementCommitment

& Policy

Planning

Implementation

Environmental Management System

An organization should define its environmental policy and ensure commitment to its EMS

Principle 1—Commitment and policy

An organization should formulate a plan to fulfill its environmental policy.

Principle 2—Planning

For effective implementation, an organization should develop the capabilities and support mechanisms necessary to achieve its environmental policy, objectives and targets.

Principle 3—Implementation

An organization should measure, monitor and evaluate its environmental performance.

Principle 4—Measurement and evaluation

An organization should review and continually improve its environmental management system, with the objective of improving its overall environmental performance.

Principle 5—Review and improvement

Review& Improvement

Measurement

& Evaluation

Continual ImprovementCommitment

& Policy

Planning

Implementation

Environmental Management System

With this in mind, the EMS is best viewed as an organizing framework that should be continually monitored and periodically reviewed to provide effective direction for an organization’s environmental activities in response to changing internal and external factors.

Every individual in an organization should accept responsibility for environmental improvements.

What is “The Environment”?

u“Everything, including me”

uPlanet Earth – 40,000 km around– History: One Minute before Midnight– Population: A Jumbo Jet every 3 minutes

?!!

Principles of Ecology

uNo such thing as a Free Lunch

uEmissions disperse, but nothing disappears

uThe sun is the source of all energy

Carrying Capacity

RESOURCES

PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION

WASTES

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

Dynamics of Growth in a Finite WorldMeadows Projection

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 2075 2100

population

resources

pollution

The Main Drivers of Concern

uFinite Resources

uBy-products and Pollution– Air, Land and Water

uHealth – Of Both People and Other Life

production

use

disposal

The Cycle of Industrial Life

The Essence of Successful Environmental Management

Understanding impacts

Using less and buying better

Senior management

leadershipEnvironmental

manager

Environmental literacy

Integration with

management system Honest

communicationsMeasurable

benefits

Main Areas of Focus

uPurchasinguReportinguEmployee AwarenessuProduct DevelopmentuStrategy and Sustainability

Management Systems (EMS, ISO14001)

uDefine PolicyuAllocate Staff and ResourcesuDetermine Key Issues (Environmental Aspects)uSet Objectives and TargetsuPlan to meet themuDoing it!uMeasurement and MonitoringuSystems and DocumentationuAudit and Review: Checking it’s working

The ISO14001 CycleInitial Review

Policy

Planning

Environmental Aspects

Objectives and Targets

Management Planning and TrainingOperational Control

Documentation

Monitoring & Audit

Management Review

Continuous Improvement

uRequirement of ISO14001

uSimilar to Total Quality Management

uKaizen is Japanese version

uMeasurement basis

uTrack progress and Feedback Success

Responsibility and Authority

BOARD

MAINBUSINESS

SUPPORTSERVICES

EMT

Successful Environmental ProgrammesuMake Good COMMERCIAL SENSEuOVERTURN conventional thinkingu Become INTEGRATED into Business decision making

u Focus on INNOVATION and INSPIRATIONuMeet the REAL NEEDS in better waysuACHIEVE Continuous Environmental Improvement

PRACTICAL HELP - DEVELOPING AN ENVIRONEMNTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

Commitment Planning Exampleand Policy

Environmental Conserve natural resources policy& comit.

Objective 1 Minimize water use where tech-nically & commercially possible

Target 1 Reduce water consumption at selected sites by 15%of present levels in 1 year

Programme1 Water reuse Action 1 Install equipment to recycle

water used for rinsing in Process A for reuse in Process B

PRACTICAL HELP -IDENTIFYING ENVRIONEMNTAL IMPACTS

Activity, Product Aspect Impact& Service

Activity - Potential for Contamination Handling of accidental of soil orHazardous spillage waterMaterialsActivity - Reformulation Conservation ofproduct refinement of the product natural

to reduce its resourcesvolume

Service - vehicle Exhaust emissions Reduction ofmaintenance air emissions

“Excellence is not an act but a habit”Aristotle 330 BC

ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems -

Specification with Guidance for Use

ISO 14001 is the standard used when seeking registration or demonstration of an environmental system .

It spells out the actual requirements for an EMS. Note that these are considered to be the minimum number of requirements for any EMS.

The standard has the actual requirement contained in Section 4 just like ISO 9001.

Other parts of ISO 14001 have information on definitions, purpose and other useful information.

Summary

ISO 14001 specifies requirements for an environmental management system, to enable an organization to formulate a policy and objectives taking into account legislative requirements and information about significant environmental impacts.

It applies to those environmental aspects which the organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence.

It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.

Scope

ISO 14001 is applicable to any organization that wishes to

a) implement, maintain and improve anenvironmental management system;

b) assure itself of its conformance with its stated environmental policy;

c) demonstrate such conformance to others;d) seek certification/registration of its

environmental management system by an external organization;

e) make a self determination and self declaration of conformance with ISO 14001.

All the requirements in ISO 14001 are intended to be incorporated into any environmental management system.

The extent of the application will depend on such factors as the environmental policy of the organization, the nature of its activities and the conditions in which it operates.

THE ACTUAL REQUIREMENTS OF

AN ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

“The organization shall establish and maintain an EMS . . ."

begins section four of ISO 14001. uJust like ISO 9000, section four contains all of

the requirements of the system. uAlso like ISO 9000, the word shall means you

must take this action. uThus, you must have a well-documented EMS

that can be demonstratable to an auditor as being in conformance and effective.

REQUIREMENTS

1 Environmental policy2 Planning

2.1 Environmental aspects 2.2 Legal and other requirements 2.3 Objectives and targets 2.4 Environmental management program(s)

3 Implementation and operation3.1 Structure and responsibility3.2 Training, awareness and competence3.3 Communication 3.4 Environmental management system documentation 3.5 Document control 3.6 Operational control 3.7 Emergency preparedness and response

4 Checking and corrective action 4.1 Monitoring and measurement 4.2 Non-conformance & corrective & preventive action 4.3 Records4.4 Environmental management system audit

5 Management review

Management Review

Checking & Corrective

Action

Continual ImprovementEnvironmental

Policy

Planning

Implementation and

Operation

Environmental Management System

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

uTop management must write and make known a company-wide policy on environmental issues.

uThis includes anything that has an impact on the surrounding environment, such as noise, quality of work life, discharge, scrap, disposal of products, neighbourhood aesthetics, and so on.

PLANNING

uPlanning begins by defining where the company can control the environmental results of its operations, products, and services.

uThen an up to-date list of environmental regulations and requirements that apply to the company are compiled.

uUsing this information, the targets and objectives are set.

IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION

uJust like ISO 9000, the lines of responsibility are defined provide the people and resources to get the job done.

uYou also have to have top management assign a manager as the official EMS coordinator.

uThis coordinator is responsible for ensuring implementation and then regularly reviewing the EMS and reporting to management.

uAll this has to be documented.

CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

uA system should be developed where key environmental characteristics are measured and recorded.

uThese are done in a fashion similar to an SPC system, that is, a regularly scheduled activity assigned to specific people.

uThen the written data will have to be handled, analyzed, and stored under the ISO 9000 procedure for quality records.

u In addition, any measurement equipment will come under the ISO 9000 procedure for the maintenance and calibration measuring devices.

MANAGEMENT REVIEWuAt regular intervals, usually at least once a

year, top management needs to review the complete EMS for completeness and effectiveness.

uThis review will consist of the results of internal audits, reports on new requirements and regulations and the management's discussion of the strategic plan for the company.

uThen upper management will decide whether to modify or change the existing EMS to better meet their changing needs and targets. All of this has to be documented.

Management Review

Checking & Corrective

Action

Continual ImprovementEnvironmental

Policy

Planning

Implementation and

Operation

Environmental Management System

CONCLUSION

uThe five basic requirements of an EMS really are a combination of environmental concerns and ISO 9000 requirements.

u In fact, the most widely used national standard for EMS, BS 7750, is extremely similar to ISO 14001.

u It would be fair to say that a company that has ISO 9000 in place and has studied BS 7750 would be well on its way to conforming with ISO 14001.

Implementation

Typical Guideline for Implementation:

uEstablish a steering committee of management to oversee implementation.uSelf evaluate companyuWrite policies for environment management system

uForm a written action plan based on a management discussion and the base line audit; assign specific managers specific tasks; form a project management time lineuRevise or create Environmental Procedures Manual to reflect the requirements of ISO 14001.

uSelect a registrar if receiving third party audit.

uUpgrade or create written work instructions as required

uConduct a system wide audit when the system is in place

and compare it to the baseline audit.

uTake corrective action on weaknesses or schedule actual

ISO 14001 audit

uPrepare for the audit by reviewing all points of the

environmental management system with management and

workers

uBe audited and respond to corrective actions as needed.

As in an ISO 9000 program, senior management commitment is required before embarking on an ISO 14000

program.

Once senior management is committed to implementing an ISO 14001 program the project planning begins. This planning includes scheduling, budgeting, assigning personnel, responsibilities and resources, and if required, retaining specialized external assistance.

Senior management needs to provide a focus for the Environmental Management System by defining the organization’s environmental policy. This policy must include, among other things, a commitment to continuous improvement, prevention of pollution and compliance with legislation and regulations.

Next, an initial review the organization’s existing environmental program is needed.

This review includes the consideration of all applicable environmental regulations, existing processes, documentation, work practices and effects of current operations.

Once the initial review is completed, a strategic or implementation plan can be developed.

Implementation planning is similar to project management and the steps, scope, time-frame, costs and responsibilities need to be defined in order to develop and implement an Environmental Management System that meets the organization’s targets and objectives, and promotes continuous improvement.

The strategic plan sets the framework for participation of the responsible and affected parties within the organization.

Both in the initial review and on an ongoing basis, the organization’s activities, products and services require evaluation to determine their interaction with the environment.

Environmental issues such as noise, emissions, environmental impact, waste reduction and energy use must be identified.

The organization then needs to identify the aspects which can interact with the environment and which ones it can control or influence.

The identified impacts are then used as a basis for setting environmental objectives within the organization.

Objectives also need to take into account relevant legal and regulatory requirements, financial, operational and business requirements and the views of interested parties.

Interested parties may be people or groups, such as neighbours or interest groups, concerned with the organization’s environmental performance.

Objectives of the organization need to be determined and specific targets set.

An objective is an overall goal which may be as simple as “meeting or exceeding regulation” or “reduction in energy consumption” and the targets provide quantified measurements.

Objectives and targets are set by the organization, not by the ISO 14001 standard.

Identifying the impacts, judging their significance and setting reasonable objectives and targets are some of the major “environmental” challenges presented by ISO 14000.

Ladder Environmental Management System Development

Environmental Management System

Environmental Policy

List of Issues

The Management Team

Regulations Customer RequirementsHealth & Safety Issues

in the Company

MAINTAININGTHE

SYSTEM

Once the Environmental Management System is implemented, it’s progress needs to be continually measured and monitored.

Routine measurement and monitoring must be undertaken of the activities which have been identified as having the potential for a significant impact on the environment.

Maintaining an ISO 14000 Environmental Management System

Routine auditing and review are the keys to continuous improvement.

Environmental as well as management components will be required in the audit program.

Audits of an organization’s Environmental Management System do not replace, but rather complement, the issue specific environmental audits that may be conducted externally by regulators and consultants or internally by environmental engineers or other qualified personnel.

Periodic Environmental Management System audits are needed to determine if the Environmental Management System conforms to the requirements of ISO 14001, and that the program is implemented and is continuously improving.

The measuring and monitoring activities and the internal Environmental Management System audits will identify areas for improvement.

Action must be taken immediately to mitigate any negative impact of the non-conformance and corrective action must be implemented, proportional to the non-conformance, to eliminate reoccurrence.

To ensure the continuing effectiveness of the Environmental Management System, management needs to regularly review and evaluate information such as the results of audits, corrective action, current and proposed legislation, results of monitoring, and complaints.

This review allows management to look at the system and ensure that it is, and will remain, suitable and effective.

The management review may result in changes to policies or systems as the organization evolves and as technology advances.

An organization’s Environmental Management System is not a stagnant system but must continually evolve to meet the organization’s ever changing needs.

RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

QualityManagement

EmployeeHealth &

Workplace Management

Safety Management

Financial Management

Environmental Management

The Overlapping Nature of Management Systems and Their Common Concerns

uCommon ConcernsuManagement CommitmentuManagement PlansuDocument ControluCorrective ActionuPreventative ActionuTraininguContinuous ImprovementuSupplier Relations

1. EnquiryBSI sends a

questionnaire and relevant information

2. Preliminary Assessment

BSI evaluates the questionnaire, assess the Environmental

Procedures Manual and the implementation if the company

EMS

3. Formal ApplicationCompany applies if its EMS is

ready for audit

4 Pre-Award AuditBSI audits and evaluates the company’s

EMS and the effectiveness of its implantation

5 Award of CertificateA BSI ISO 14000 Certificate is

awarded if the company meets all the necessary requirements

6. Post-Award Routine Surveillance

BSI conducts post-award surveillance twice yearly to

ensure that the system is maintained

7. Renewal of Certificate

BSI renews the ISO14000 certificate if the terms and

conditions of the scheme are metThe Process

of Certification