lecture 13 photodetectors and experimental verification of quantum nature of light
DESCRIPTION
Lecture 13 Photodetectors and Experimental Verification of Quantum Nature of Light. Reminder: Lecture notes taker HWK3 due in Wednesday. Course Outline. Part 1: basic review: Optics+Quantum; Part 2: Basic Light-matter interaction; laser; Part 3: Quantum Optics of photons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 1
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lecture 13Photodetectors and Experimental Verification of
Quantum Nature of Light
Reminder: •Lecture notes taker•HWK3 due in Wednesday
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 2
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lectures Topics Lecture 1 (1/13) Overview (FQ1+) Lecture 2 (1/15) Review Classical Optics (FQ2; FS1-2) No Class on 1/20 Monday (MLK day) Lecture 3 (1/22) Review Quantum Mechanics, birth of photons (FQ3+) Lecture 4 (1/27) Quantum Information, cryptography & communication (FQ12) Lecture 5 (1/29) Radiative Transitions in Atoms & Molecules (FQ4; FS8.2) Lecture 6 (2/03) Radiative/Inter-band transition in solids (FS3, FS7.3.2) Lecture 7 (2/05) Masers & Lasers: CW, pulsed, frequency comb, Xasers Lecture 8 (2/10) Photon Statistics (FQ5) Lecture 9 (2/12) Photon Correlation (FQ6), extension to other (quasi)particles Lecture 10 (2/17) Coherent, Squeezed & Number states (FQ7,8) Lecture 11 (2/19) Resonant Light-atom interaction, density matrices, Rabi oscillation (FQ9) Lecture 12 (2/24) Solid state quantum structures: wells, wires and dots (FS6) Lecture 13 (2/26) Laser cooling of atoms & solids (FQ11+) Lecture 14 (3/03) Cold atoms & atom optics, atom lasers (given by TA R. Niffenegger) Lecture 15 (3/05) TBD (Special topics/APS/coherent control) Lecture 16 (3/10) Excitons and Polaritons (FS4+) Lecture 17 (3/12) Luminescence, Luminescence/NV centers & quantum emitters (FS5,9+) No classes on 3/17 & 3/19 (Spring Break) Lecture 18 (3/24) EIT, slow light (Agarwal) & coherent control Lecture 19 (3/26) Quantum entanglement, memory & teleportation (FQ14) Lecture 20 (3/31) Atoms in cavities, Jaynes-Cummings model (FQ10) Lecture 21 (4/02) Cavity QED/circuit QED, optomechanics Lecture 22 (4/07) Quantum Computing, photon based QC (FQ13+) Lecture 23 (4/09) Quantum Computing systems: ions, Rydberg atoms, molecules Lecture 24 (4/14) Quantum Computing systems: superconductor/cQED, quantum dots, NMR Lecture 25 (4/16) Photonics with nanomaterials: CNT, graphene & 2D materials (FS8+) Lecture 26 (4/21) Phonons/Vibrons and Raman spectroscopy, CARS (FS10) Lecture 27 (4/23) Special topics: Quantum Sensing & Photodetectors, applications Lecture 28 (4/28) Special topics: Optically synthetic gauge fields/topological/quantum
matter, quantum emulation, student presentations Lecture 29 (4/30) Special topics: Casimir, (quantum) plasmonics etc. student presentations Final Exam on (TBD)
Course OutlinePart 1: basic review:Optics+Quantum;
Part 2: Basic Light-matter interaction; laser;
Part 3: Quantum Optics of photons
Part 4: More advanced light-matter interaction
Part 5: Quantum information/photonics/applications
Subject to change;Check updates on course web/wiki
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 3
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Quantum Optics of PhotonsFQ’Chap5
Chap 7-8: coherent, squeezed, & number states
FQ’Chap6
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 4
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Photon StatisticsFQ’Chap5
Single photon detector:•PMT (photomultiplier tube)•APD (avalanche photodiode)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 5
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Classification of Light by Photon Statistics
(Nonclassical light)
Poisson Statistics
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 6
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Subpoissonian Light
But: any (random) loss willrandomize the photons(det. Subpoissonian challenging)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 7
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Photodetectors (experimental & theory)
• Critical for quantum optics/photonics• Understand photodetection process: Quantum
light or quantum response of photodetectors?• Types of common photodetectors
– Photoconductor & photodiode– Single photon/counting detector: PMT & APD
• Theory of photodetectors– Semiclassical theory (Poisson)– Quantum theory– Shot/quantum noise, fano factor
FO’Chap 3.7; FQ Chap 5.8-5.10
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 8
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Some Reviews on Photodetectors• Yotter, R.A.; Wilson, D.M. “A Review of Photodetectors for Sensing
Light-Emitting Reporters in Biological Systems”, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 3,288, (2003)
• Peter Krizan and Samo Korpar, “Photodetectors in Particle Physics Experiments”, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2013. 63:329–49
• Sochi et al. “Nanowire Photodetectors”, J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Mar;10(3):1430-49
Books:• G.H.Rieke, Detection of Light (2ed. 2003) --- astro appl.• G. Knoll, ‘Radiation detection and measurements’ • Nicholas Tsoulfanidis, ‘MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION OF
RADIATION’, 3-ed 2010 [online]
– esp. higher energy radiation/photons
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 9
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Yotter, R.A.; Wilson, D.M. “A Review of Photodetectors for Sensing Light-Emitting Reporters in Biological Systems”, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 3,288, (2003)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 10
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Photodetector: photoconductor
• Dark current (I0)
• Photocurrent I=I-I0
• Responsitivity= photocurrent/power
Photoelectric or photothermoelectric?
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 11
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
photodiode
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 12
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/~schubert/Light-Emitting-Diodes-dot-org/chap21/F21-04%20Semiconduct%20converter.jpg
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 13
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 14
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Build-in electric field at the interface between QD layer and graphene due to the balance in Fermi level.
PbS: Electron dopant
G.Konstantatos et al. ‘12
Graphene Photodetectors and Phototransistors
Graphene Photodetectors• Fast photoresponse• Lower photoresponsivity • Due to “Intrinsic” properties of Graphene(carriers generated and transported in graphene) • Photoelectric vs photothermoelectric?
Hybrid Graphene-QD Phototransistors• High photoresponsivity • Slow photoresponse• Carriers generated external to graphene but transferred to /transported by graphene
Advantage of Graphene Phtotodetectors• Room temperature and broadband operation . • High speed • Graphene is flexible, light, and visually transparent. • Operational wavelength can be tuned.
Potential Applications • High-speed optical communications• Terahertz detection• Remote sensing and Spectroscopy
Nature Nano. 7, 363, (2012)
Nature Photonics. 4, 297, (2010)
15
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 16
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
(single photon) photodetector
PMT APD
(eg. MgO)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 17
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Theory of Photodetection (semiclasical)
If I(t)=I constant
If I(t) fluctuating, superpoissonian
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 18
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Theory of Photodetection (quantum)
But: any (random) loss willrandomize the photons(det. Subpoissonian challenging)
Key: high Q.E.
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 19
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Noise in Photodiodes
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 20
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Shot Noise (“quantum noise”)
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 21
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 22
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
(classical) Noise Reduction
Also: feed-forward
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 23
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Experimental Observation of quantum nature of light: sub-poissonian light
Use sub-poissonian electrons to gernerate SubP-light
Sub-poissoniancounting statistics
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 24
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Sub-shot noise photocurrent
Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 13 (3/10/2014) Slide 25
Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Next Lecture (10): quantum optics of photons
• FQ Chap 5.