lecture (13)controls and event handling

8142019 Lecture (13)Controls and Event Handling

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-13controls-and-event-handling 116

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Lecture 14

Controls and Event handling

Mdm Ratnawati Ibrahim



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Introduction

A graphical user interface (GUI) allows a user to interact visually

with a program Windows forms are used to create the GUIs forprograms

bull GUIs are constructed from GUI components referred to as controls or widgets (short for window gadgets)

bull A GUI component is an object with which the user interacts

using the mouse or keyboardbull The ToolBox of the VBNet environment contains a number of

controls and components that may be added to a Windowsform by selecting the control and dragging on to the form

A control such as a button or label is a component that

has a graphical representation at runtime A component eg a timer does not have a graphical

representation at runtime



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Common controls

ComponentDescription

Label An area in which uneditable text is displayed

Text An area in which a user inputs data from the keyboard This area can also display information

Button An area that triggers an event when clicked

Checkbox A component is either selected or unselected

Combobox A drop-down list of items from which the user can makea selection either by clicking an item in a list or bytyping into a box

Listbox An area in which a list of items is displayed The user can

make a selection from the list by clicking on any item

Groupbox A container in which components may be placed

Scrollbar A component that allows access to a range of elementsthat normally cannot fit in the controlrsquos container



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Example GUI with controls

MainMenu

GroupBox

RadioButton

ComboBox

ListBox

Label ScrollBar

TextBox

Track Bar

Button

PictureBox

Run



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Windows Form

bull The general process to create a Windows applicationinvolves generating a Windows Form setting itsproperties adding controls setting their properties andimplementing the event handlers (methods that are calledin response to an event)

bull The Form acts as a container for components and controlsWhen a control is dragged from the Toolbox onto theform Visual BasicNet generates appropriate codeinstantiates the component and sets its basic properties The code generated is contained Form1Designervb within Form1vb

bull Although it is possible to write the code that results fromincorporating a control of the form it is usual to leave thisto the IDE with the programmer writing the necessary event handler



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Event Handler

bull In general the format of a event-handling method is

Event-handler methods take two standard arguments Anobject (usually sender) and an instance of the EventsArgsClass

bull The appropriate method header and footer are generatedon double clicking the control on the form using the Name

set in the controlrsquos propertiesbull An event handler may respond to a number of events or

alternative events by listing the required events afterlsquohandlesrsquo in the method header However the order inwhich alternative events are listed has no significance

Private Sub ControlName_EventName(ByVal sender As SystemObject _

ByVal e As SystemEventArgs) Handles ControlNameEventName

event-handling codeEnd Sub



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Control Properties

Some common properties that can be set for many

controlsProperty Description

BackColor Set the controlrsquos background colour

Enabled Indicates whether the user can interact with it

Focused Indicates whether the control has the focus

Font Sets the Font used to display the controlrsquos text

ForeColor Usually sets the Font colour

TabIndex Sets the tab order of the control

TabStop Indicates whether the Tab key may be used to selectthe control

Text Sets the text associated with the control

TextAlign Allows text to be aligned vertically and horizontally



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Control Methods

The Focus method transfers the focus to a control Acontrol that has the focus is referred to as the activecontrol When the Tab key is pressed controls are givenfocus in the order specified by their TabIndex property

Method Description

Focus Acquires the focus

Hide Hides the control (sets property Visible to False)

Show Shows the control (sets property Visible to True)



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Input Controls

Various controls allow data to be fed into a program The

choice will depend on the nature of the data to be input andthe likely user Often a balance is sought between usabilityand robustnessndash too flexible will allow invalid data entry andtoo restricted could lead to user frustration

Eg

bull Textbox ndash allows text to be input by the user via thekeyboard or displayed by the program

bull Listbox ndash allows the user to view and select from multipleitems in a list

bull Combobox ndash combines Textbox features with a drop-downlist from which a value can be selected It usually appearsas a textbox with a down arrow to its right By default theuser can enter text into the textbox or click the downarrow to display a list of predefined items


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Input Controls ndash contrsquod

bull Textbox

By default input text aligned leftIf input is required to be numeric thenadvisable to check using function IsNumeric( ) beforecasting and using in calculations

bull Listbox The property SelectedIndex returns theindex of the selected item commencing at 0If no item has been selected -1 is returnedItems are added to a list box by addingobjects to its Items collection using themethod Add

Alternatively by using the String Collection Editor accessed by clicking on the Items property in theProperties Window

myListBoxItemsAdd(myListItem)



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bull Combobox As with a listbox the programmer can addobjects to collection Items programmaticallyusing method Add or visually with the StringCollection Editor Comboboxes have propertiessimilar to the corresponding properties inListbox ndash in particular SelectedIndex When

the selected item changes eventSelectedIndexChanged is generated

bull Scrollbar This may be horizontal or vertical and used toenter a range of discrete numerical valuesusing the Value property The limits of the

range are fixed by Maximum and Minimum properties and incremental changes resultingfrom clicking the arrows specified by thesmallChange property



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bull Trackbar

This has similar properties to scrollbar tospecify range and value Clearly if differs inappearance its orientation is set using theOrientation property and its operation ndash justa slider no end arrows

bull Checkboxes and RadioButtons These may be regarded as state buttons thatmay be in an onoff or TrueFalse state AradioButton is different from a checkBox sinceit is usually one of a group where only one

button is set to true at a time The position of the label is fixed using theRightToLeft and TextAlign properties andbuttonrsquos state is determined by examining theChecked property



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Output Controls

bull Label

This allows text to be displayed on a form by assigning aString value to the Text property

bull PictureBox This tends to be used to display Graphics objects and otherimages To display graphics requires a graphics object to

be associated with the control using the CreateGraphicsmethod

Eg

Clearly previously mentioned input controls eg Textboxes listboxes etc can also serve to output data

Dim paper As Graphics = picBoxCreateGraphics



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Other controls

Some controls may be seen as not used to input nor output

data but are concerned with program controlbull GroupBox This might be labelled and used to bind togetherseveral radio buttons When buttons are draggedinto the box code is generated to Add eachbutton to the groupBoxrsquos Controls property

bull ButtonCommand buttons are used to initiate actions

bull MainMenu This may be used to provide the means formulti-stage selection It may be introduced to a

form to appear as a menu bar below the title barAlternative options are introduced by type in theoffered cells Doubling clicking a terminal leaf cellallows desired event code to be entered



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Mouse-event handling

A mouse event is generated when the mouse interacts with acontrol

Excluding the first two events certain information becomesavailable Eg

bull The x and y coordinates of the mouse pointer relative to thecontrol Point(00) represents the top-left corner of the control

bull Which mouse button was pressed

bull How many times the mouse was clicked

Mouse Event Description

MouseEnter Enters area of control

MouseLeave Leaves area of control

MouseDown Button pressed while in control area

MouseHover Mouse cursor hovers over control area

MouseMove Mouse moved while in control area

MouseUp Button released while in control area



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Mouse-event properties

To locate a mouse click within a pictureBox

Mouse

Property

Description

Button Indicates which button was pressed

Clicks Number of times mouse was clicked

X The x ndash coordinate of the event within thecontrol

Y The y ndash coordinate of the event within thecontrol

Private Sub PictureBox1_Click(ByVal sender As SystemObject _

ByVal e As SystemWindowsFormsMouseEventArgs) _

Handles PictureBox1MouseDown

Label1Text = eX amp amp eYEnd Sub



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Introduction

A graphical user interface (GUI) allows a user to interact visually

with a program Windows forms are used to create the GUIs forprograms

bull GUIs are constructed from GUI components referred to as controls or widgets (short for window gadgets)

bull A GUI component is an object with which the user interacts

using the mouse or keyboardbull The ToolBox of the VBNet environment contains a number of

controls and components that may be added to a Windowsform by selecting the control and dragging on to the form

A control such as a button or label is a component that

has a graphical representation at runtime A component eg a timer does not have a graphical

representation at runtime



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Common controls













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MainMenu

GroupBox

RadioButton

ComboBox

ListBox

Label ScrollBar

TextBox

Track Bar

Button

PictureBox

Run



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Windows Form






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Event Handler











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



Eg






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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

Property

Description











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Common controls













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MainMenu

GroupBox

RadioButton

ComboBox

ListBox

Label ScrollBar

TextBox

Track Bar

Button

PictureBox

Run



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Windows Form






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Event Handler











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



Eg






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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

Property

Description











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MainMenu

GroupBox

RadioButton

ComboBox

ListBox

Label ScrollBar

TextBox

Track Bar

Button

PictureBox

Run



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Windows Form






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Event Handler











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



Eg






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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

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Description











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Windows Form






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Event Handler











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



Eg






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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




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Other controls








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Mouse

Property

Description











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Event Handler











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

Property

Description











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Control Properties














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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

Property

Description











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Control Methods


Method Description






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Input Controls



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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

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Description











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Input Controls



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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

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bull Textbox







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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




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Other controls








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Mouse

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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




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Mouse

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bull Trackbar






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Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





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Other controls








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Mouse

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ute

Output Controls

bull Label




Eg





U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL

A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute

Other controls








U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute
















U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute



Mouse

Property

Description











U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL

A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute

Other controls








U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute
















U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute



Mouse

Property

Description











U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute
















U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute



Mouse

Property

Description











U

NIVERS

ITIKUAL A

LUMPUR

M

alaysi a

FranceInstit

ute



Mouse

Property

Description









lecture (13)controls and event handling

Documents