lecture 22 momentum and impulse

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Lecture 22: Momentum and Impulse 1

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Page 1: Lecture 22 Momentum and Impulse

Lecture  22:  Momentum  and  Impulse

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Lecture  Objectives  1.  Define  momentum  and  impulse  2.  Relate  the  momentum,  impulse,  force,  and  time  of  contact  in  a  system.      

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Momentum  is  a  quantity  associated  with  the  motion  of  a  system.

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Example  A  1000kg  truck  is  moving  0.1m/s.  What  should  be  the  speed  of  a  5kg  skateboard  so  that  they  would  have  the  same  momentum?    ptruck  =  mv  =  100kg  m/s;    

v  =  (100kgm/s)/5kg  =  20m/s

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Change  in  momentum

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Impulse-­‐Momentum  Theorem

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Impulse-­‐Momentum  Theorem

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Question: If you were in a car that was out of control and had to choose between hitting a haystack or a concrete wall. (Assuming everything is okay in your life), what would you choose? A. Haystack

B. Concrete wall

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If the change in momentum occurs over a short time, the force of impact is large.

Impulse  is  the  change  in  momentum!  J  =  Ft  =  mv2  –  mv1

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If the change in momentum occurs over a long time, the force of impact is small.

Impulse  is  the  change  in  momentum!  J  =  Ft  =  mv2  –  mv1

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Haystack Physics helps you to understand why hitting a soft object is entirely different from hitting a hard one.

Force of impact will be small if momentum change occurs in a long time: J = Ft

Note:    Impulse  is  the  change  in  momentum!  

J  =  Ft  =  mv2  –  mv1

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Impulse  and  Average  Force

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Momentum  and  Kinetic  Energy

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Sample  Problem  

Suppose  you  throw  a  ball  with  a  mass  of  0.40kg  against  a  brick  wall.  It  hits  the  wall  moving  horizontally  to  the  left  at  30m/s  and  rebounds  horizontally  to  the  right  at  20m/s.  (a)  Find  the  impulse  of  the  net  force  on  the  ball  during  its  collision  with  the  wall.  (b)  If  the  ball  is  in  contact  with  the  wall  in  0.01s,  find  the  average  horizontal  force  that  the  wall  exerts  on  the  ball  during  the  impact.

Given:  m  =  0.40kg  v1x  =  -­‐30m/s  v1x  =  20m/s  Δt  =  0.01s  Required:  J  and  F

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The  initial  and  final  x-­‐components  of  momentum  of  the  ball  are:

The  x-­‐component  of  impulse  is  equal  to  the  change  in  x-­‐momentum:

To  solve  for  the  force  during  the  impact,  use  the  formula  for  impulse:

Given:  m  =  0.40kg  v1x  =  -­‐30m/s  v1x  =  20m/s  Δt  =  0.01s  Required:  J  and  F

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Center  of  Mass

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A  1250  kg  automobile  is  moving  from  east  to  west  at  a  speed  of  25.0  m/s  and  comes  to  a  stop  in  10.0  s.  

   1)  Find  the  impulse  on  the  automobile.              2)  Find  the  magnitude  of  the  net  force  acting  on  the  automobile      in  the  10.0  s  interval.  

   

Seatwork

 

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Seatwork  4  &  5  (Young  and  Freedman,  8.8)A  baseball  has  mass  0.145  kg.  4)  If  the  velocity  of  the  pitched  ball  has  magnitude  of  45.0  m/s  and  the  batted  ball’s  velocity  is  55.0  m/s  in  the  opposite  direction,  find  the  magnitude  of  the  change  in  momentum  of  the  ball  (J).5)   If   the  ball   remains   in   contact  with   the  bat   for  2.00  ms,  find  the  magnitude  of  the  average  force  applied  by  the  bat.  (1ms  =  0.001s)