lecture 4 function

8/18/2019 Lecture 4 Function

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4. Function in Architecture

• Every building is designed to give services

• Hospital – where patients will be treated

• Court House – where you find justice

• Theater – where you see a play

• Hotel- where you recreate

• Church ( Mosque) – where you practice your religion

• School – where you learn

• House – where you live

• -

FUNCTION


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Function in Architecture (cont…)

,


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• In addition to giving services, a building affects our feelings

en you en er n some u ngs, you w e

• When you are in some building, you will be depressed

• When you see some buildings, you will be amused

• When you look some buildings, you will say what a piece of art

• When you are in some buildings, you may be sober

• When you enter in some buildings, you feel relaxed

• The emotional and the feeling aspect of a BUILDING or

-


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• A building is designed to be erected or constructed, hence

• It should house its occupants and furniture – LIVE LOAD

• It should support its own weight- DEAD LOAD

• -

• It should withstand against EARCH QUICK FORCE

•

• It should resist other NATURAL and ARTIFICIAL FORCES

• T e erect ty an constructa ty o a BUILDING or

its ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - STRENGTH


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• Building Design is all about

FUNCTION - serviceability of BU

AESTHETICS - emotional aspect of

I

L

STRENGTH – erectibilit of I

G


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• The void part of a building - SPACE

• Through which we enter, circulate, wonder and undertake different activities

• The envelop or outer part of a building - FORM

• c we see, oo , o serve an a m re

• FORM is the envelop of SPACE• FORM is exterior, where as SPACE is interior of the building

• FORM differentiate out side and inside

• SPACE is volume of hollow solid

o an ave


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Example of Form (cont…)


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Example of Form

(cont…)


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Example of Form (cont…)


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Example of Space


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Example of Space (cont…)


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xamp e o pace cont…


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Functional Aspects or Parameters of a space of a Building

1. Enclosure

2. Approach & Entry

.

4. Light

.

6. Size

. ape

8. Adjacency & Sequence


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1. Enclosure

• A building houses different activities

• Some activities need differentiation

• Sleeping and Living activities

• Spaces for these activities should

be divided b

• walls, floors and ceilings

• Building Components to divide spaces

are called Space Defining Elements

• FORM is enclosure of interior s ace

• FORM protects the interior of a building from weather


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2. Approach and Entry

• To undertake different activities in a FRONTAL

building we should approach and access it

•

is APPROACH DIAGONAL

•

• Frontal: emphasis front view

• agona : s ows e ec s o perspec ve• Round: emphasis form of building


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pproac an n ry cont…

Frontal Approach


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…

• The gate that allows you to enter in to a building

• Entry to a building should be emphasized and easy to identify

• ypes o ntry

• Flush: on the wall

• Projected: coming out from the wall

• Recessed: coming into the interior


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…

• Projected Entry


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…

• Recessed Entry


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…

• Flush Entry


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Function in Architecture (cont…)3. Circulation

• We need to be able to reach furniture, equipment and other facilities to perform

some tasks.

• A process o won er ng t roug a space o a u ng - Circulation

• Circulation – pattern of movement inside and outside a building

• Types of Circulation

•Circulation within a room: interior space

• Horizontal circulation from one room to another: corridor, foyer, lobby

• Vertical Circulation from one floor to another: Stair, Elevator, Ramp

• Circulation should be

• easy to identify

• comfortable to move through

• sizable enough to allow people and furniture to pass


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Enclosed circulation


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…

Open one side circulation

on one side


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Function in Architecture (cont…)4. Light

• To undertake different activities in rooms, we need light

• Light also affects the feeling that we feel in a room

• Sources of Light

• Artificial Li ht: costl unfriendl and controlled

• Natural Light: no cost, friendly and reliable

•

• Natural Light Sources in Building

- n ow

- Sky Light

-Glass Curtain Wall

-Open Down


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1. Artificial Light Source

• controlled

• different color


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Artificial Light Source (cont…)


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Artificial Light Source (cont…)


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…

2. Natural Light Source

atura g t: um nate w t

good intensity up to 6m

• uncontrolled

• uni –color

• psychologically good

• provide view

• enlarge room


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Natural Light Source (cont…)


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Natural Light Source (cont…)


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3. Combined

Light Source

• controlled

• colorful & evenly distributed

• psychologically good

• provide view

• enlarge room

F i i A hi


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…

Combined

Light Source (cont…)

F ti i A hit t


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…

Combined

Light Source (cont…)

Function in Architecture


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Function in Architecture (cont…)Natural Light Source

1.Windows

• light

• provide view

• enlarge room

F ti i A hit t


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Windows (cont…)

Function in Architecture


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Windows (cont…)

Function in Architecture ( t )


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Windows (cont…)

Function in Architecture ( t )


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Windows (cont…)

Function in Architecture (cont )


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Function in Architecture (cont…) …

2. Sky Light• light

• good distribution of light

• no view

• increase height



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Sky Light (cont…)



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Sky Light (cont…)



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Sky Light (cont…)



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3. Open Down

• light

•

• Ventilation



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Open Down (cont…)



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4. Glass Curtain Wall

• light

• provide view

• enlarge room

• spatial continuity



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( )

…

Glass Curtain Wall (cont…)



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( )

…




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…




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.

• Ventilation

• A room should have the appropriate temperature & air to feel the occupants

comfort

• This can be done by replacing existing hot air by fresh air

• This process is called ven a on

• Two kinds of Ventilation

• Artificial Ventilation

Function in Architecture (cont…)C f


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Comfort

• Purpose of Ventilation

• norma con on an a u

• inhale b/n 0.10 to 0.12 liters air/second

• exhale CO2 of 0.003 to 0.005 liters / second

• generate heat of 100 Watts sensible and 40 watts latent

• produce vapour of 59g of water vapour per hour

• Main Objective of Ventilation (Three)

1. to supply oxygen

2. to create air movement



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• Main Objective of Ventilation ( cont…)

3. To remove unnecessary air components

• carbon dioxide

• water vapor and moister

• heat and smell

• gas and vapor from industry products

• out door pollutants like dust and smoke

• Indoor pollutants like dust from carpet


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A. Cross Ventilation

• By using natural flow of air

• It is less costly



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…

B. Stack Effect Ventilation

• Air moves when temperature

and density difference exists

• Hot air is less dense and it rises

• Cold air is dense and replacethe position of hot air



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.

• Diff. activities take place in spaces

• In addition to the activities,

the space should be big enough to house

• Users

• Furniture & Fixtures

• qu pmen

• Vehicles

• Internal Circulation

• Spatial Functionality Criteria related with size

• Proportion

• Users, Furniture, Fixture and Equipment Accommodation

• Circulation Provision



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…

• Eg. Bath Room Size Determination & Design

• Space for Fixtures



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• Bath Room (cont…)

• Space for Activities



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• Area Determination



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• Final Design



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.

• A room or space needs to have the appropriate shape to

• provide the required function

• accommodate the necessary furniture

• avoid wastage of space

• house enough and clear circulation



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…

A. Rectangular Spaces

• Easy to accommodate furniture

• Less wastage of space

• Flexible



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• Rectangular Spaces (cont…)



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…

B. Triangular & Angular Spaces

• Difficult to accommodate furniture

• High wastage of space

• Less Flexible

• Difficult to circulate



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Triangular & Angular Spaces (cont…)

Wastage of Space



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C. Curved Spaces

• Difficult to accommodate furniture

• Need Special Furniture

• Less Flexible



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• St


.


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. …

• Spaces which have related functions should be side by side

• Spaces which have incompatible functions should be far to each others

• Public spaces should be at front

• Private spaces should be at back

• Spaces, that need view, should be oriented to view

• Spaces, that don’t need noise, should be far from noises

• Spaces should be also orient based on solar orientation

• Entrances should be clear and visible (emphasis)



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Adjacency and

Sequence(cont…)

should be at back

Private Spacesshould be awa from

Frontage & Noise

Every room should be

Accessible from

corridor

Stair case should be

visible from lobby

Entrance should be at front

Public Spaces should

be near entrance


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Adjacency and

Sequence(cont…)

Bed Rm are

Related

Bed Rm &

Dressing Rm are

related



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Adjacency and

Sequence(cont…)

Thumb Rules for Residential Building


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-Minimum Area = 12m2

- Minimum Width = 3m

- Minimum Door Size = 90cm

- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area- Maximum Window Sill Hei ht = 0.90 cm

- Require View and South Side Exposure

- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door

• n ng oom

- Minimum Area = 12m2



- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area

=- .

- Require View and South or East Side Exposure

- Should be adjacent to Kitchen and Living Rooms

Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)


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-Minimum Area = 15m2


- Minimum Length = 5cm

- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the main gate•

- Minimum Area = 12m2

- Minimum Width = 2.7m


- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area

- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm

- Require View and East Side ( morning sun) Exposure

- Should be at the quiet part of the site preferably on upper floors



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-Minimum Area = 6m2



- Should be at the back of a house adjacent to dining room- Orient to north side cooler side & kitchen ard

- Minimum Window area should be 15% of floor area

- Perimeter of work triangle should be between 3.6m to 6m

• a oom- Minimum Area= 4m2



- Bath Rooms should be adjacent to bed rooms

- .

- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile



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- For visitors and contain WC and HWB

- Minimum Area = 2.5m2


- Minimum Door Size = 70cm- Should be near livin & dinin room

- Minimum Window height is 1.5m

- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile

• u y oom- Mini


Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)• Important Points


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- Room arrangement should follow day today activities- Avoid traffic circulation through rooms

- If a traffic must pass through a room, arrange doors in such a way that circulation

affects one side or corner of the room

- The route from Garage to Kitchen be defined and short-

- Main Entrance near the center of a house decreases corridor length

- Main Entrance to a house should be emphasized, inviting and accessible

- In front of Main Entrance there should be a transitional space like:

- Veranda, Canopy

- In side a house next to Main Entrance there should be a transitional space:

- Foyer, Lobby, Entrance Hall

- Make the Foyer or Entrance Hall is the continuation of the exterior

-

- Locate rooms ( non- sensitive to harsh sun) like WCs, Bath Rms, Store or

Garage on west and south west side


con …


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- Rooms in a house are grouped into zones

- Common Spaces

- Private Spaces

- Common Spaces: Open to all members of family, active and include- Living Rm, Family Rm, Dining Rm, Gym, Garage, Kitchen, Utility Rm

- Private Spaces: Require privacy and quietness & include

- Bed Rms, Bath Rms, Study Rm, Pray Rm, Den

- - With in the common spaces we have two zones

- Living Zone: Living Rm, Family Rm, Dining Rm

- , , ,

- Living Zone should be at the front part of the house- Service Zone should be at the back part of the house



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- Living Room

- Open both to the members of the family and visitors

- Located near the main entrance of the house

- Location of Living Room Door should allow direct access to living room as soon

as we enter into the house

-Oriented the living room to capture the best view from the site

- Have big windows ( French Window) facing the main street

- The location of the room should not allow view to private spaces like Kitchen,

Bed Rms, Bath Rms etc

-The location of doors in living room should not allow cross circulation

- South exposure is preferable

- Light interior color is preferable


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- Bath Room

- locate in the private part of the house

- avoid direct view from living room to bath room door

- natural ventilation and light is important

- Office/Den

- Den is private office where the parents work at night

- Office is open for customer

- Den should be located in private space adjacent to master bed rm

- Office should be located near main enterance


con …

G B d R


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- Guest Bed Room

- Isolated Room with attached bathroom

- located in such a way that it gets privacy

- Garage

- Easily accessible from main gate

- Easy access from garage to main entrance and kitchen

- Circulation Spaces

- Minimum corridor size is 90cm but the standard size is 1.2m

- Minimum veranda size is 1m but the standard size is 2m

lecture 4 function

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