lecture 6 instructor: katerina potika uc santa cruz april ... · lecture 6 instructor: katerina...

ISM 50 - Business Information Systems

Lecture 6

Instructor: Katerina Potika

UC Santa Cruz

April 17, 2008

2

Outline

� Announcements

� Student Presentation (news)

� Information Management

� Enterprise Applications

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Announcements

� Folio 1 due today � (only those not assigned a presentation)

� Assignment 2 due Tuesday� Hard-copy, in class

� Business Paper Proposal Due in 1 week!� Groups posted on the web

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Announcements

� Project proposals due in 7 days!!� 1-2 pages� Give a plan what you will do� Cite some references, and show that you have started your research!

� See website for more details

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Announcements

� Reading for next time� Cisco Case

� NEW: Discussion Topics will be posted on the forum� Alternative way to earn participation points!

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Announcements

Student presentations:� Apr-22

� Ilya Gendelman� Brian Allan� Donald Harrison James

� Apr-24� Tina Hsu� Neiman Moore

� SEND ME THE SLIDES THE NIGHT BEFORE� Failing to do so will make you lose points…

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Student Talk

Information Management

©Copyright David G. Messerschmitt, 2000. This material may be used, copied, and distributed freely for educational purposes as long as this copyright notice remains attached. It cannot be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the author.

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What is Information?

� Data� Numbers, Character strings, etc.

� Information� Recognizable patterns of data organized so as to inform or influence the user in some way

� Knowledge� Concepts, relationships, truths, principles derived from information

� Wisdom� Insight or judgment acquired from extensive knowledge

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Classify these

� “XV”, “SF”, 34, “CN”,16

� The 49-ers won Super Bowl XV by a score of 34 to 16.

� The National Football Conference wins 17 out of 20 Super Bowl’s on average.

� The best team usually wins.

Adapted from slides for Understanding Networked Applications

By David G Messerschmitt. Copyright 2000. See copyright notice

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Classify these

� 47, 560, 134

� My bank account has 47$ in it :-(

� My net worth, including my bank account and subtracting the debts is 560$

� At the rate my net worth is increasing, and given my age and expectations for retirement income, I can’t retire until age 134…

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Roles in information access

User

Author or publisher

Indexer or organizer

Recommender

Librarian or teacher or interpreter

Adapted from slides for Understanding Networked ApplicationsBy David G Messerschmitt. Copyright 2000. See copyright notice

13

Classify these

Relative to “A Streetcar Named Desire”:

� Tennessee Williams

� Actor

� Critic

� Playbill magazine

Relative to “Understanding Networked Applications”:

� D.G. Messerschmitt

� Morgan Kaufmann

� Amazon.com



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In the Networked Era…

Author or publisher

Indexer or organizer

Recommender

Librarian

User

How are these roles being changed by networked computing?


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Finding useful information..

� Search� Item search

� Topic search

� Browse� Explore in order to find useful information

� Navigate� Follow directions/links to find information

� In web: you do both!

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Others can help….

� Author:� Hyperlink

(Reference to related information)

� Author or third party:� Index

(List of content)� Metadata

(Description of content)

� Third party:� Reviews or recommendations

(judgment of content)



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Exercise

Give an example of the following functions in the context of movie rentals:

Hyperlink

Index

Metadata

Recommendation



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Authors – PublishersCreates information – verifies, makes available

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IndexersClassifies information

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Indexers/Organizers –Librarians (assists and guides user to needed info)

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Librarians

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Librarians

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Recommenders

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Recommenders

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Push vs. pull

User

Publisher

Control over what is providedTime when it is provided

PushIntermediate cases:

NotificationSubscription

Pull


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Question

What are some differences between pushand pull with respect to:� invasiveness on the user?

� refinement of the information received?

� timeliness with which information received?



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Characteristics of information pull and push

Publisher provides useful notifications-user decides what to do

User submits question- publisher answers

Notification

Information provider directed

Information to user directed

Timing

User subscribes to information on general

User requests specific information

Control

PullPush

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Proper roles of push and pull in a workgroup

Pull: work

Brainstorming

Accessing documents

Push: attention

Notification of topic

Notification of

document availability

Reminder of deadlines



Newsgroups and Web Email

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Some modalities of information access

PullPush

Agent

Intermediary

Aggregate,

filter,

consolidate

Delegate

Search,

navigate,

browseSubscribe



Enterprise Applications

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Applications

� What is an application?� Computer software that performs useful capabilities

for a user or organization� Incorporates storage, manipulation, and communication

of information.

� An organizational application� Supports an organization

� Often called enterprise application� (An enterprise is an organization with a commercial

mission)

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Types of organizational applications

� Departmental� Supports a single functional department

� Example: An accounts management application for an accounting department.

� Enterprise� Support enterprise-wide processes and goals.

� Example: coordinate information between functional departments involved in fulfilling an order.

(or other cross-functional process.)

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Classification of Organizational Applications

� Worker Collaboration� Example: video conferencing

� Operations and Logistics� Example: coordinate movements of goods between sites.

� Decision Support� Example: Summarize info for execs.

� Knowledge Management� Example: Organize knowledge in company’s customer

relationship databases to organize targeted advertising campaign

� Customer Outreach� Example: online customer support

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Examples - Software merchant

Customer Relationship Management� Maintain a case file of customer questions and complaints

� Website having:� Frequently Asked Questions� Documentation

� Chat application for customers to communicate with tech-support personnel

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Examples - Online Stock Trading

� Information Management application for paying customers

� Specialized software to interface with� Customers

� stock exchange

� Customer’s bank

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Some more terms

� Transaction Processing Systems� Record and process data from business transactions.� E.g. receive requests, take orders, make

deposits/withdrawals

� Batch Processing� Transactions are accumulated over a period of time and

processed periodically.

� Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)� Transactions are processed immediately.� Information resides in a DBMS

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Some More Terms

� A workflow application supports ongoing repetitive tasks.� Example: An application that passes a case summary of a customer from customer service to tech support.

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Example of representing a workflow

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So what exactly is ERP??

ERP applications supply a networks computing application with sophisticated configuration tolls and options to customize local needs

ERP products are available for businessprocesses that are fairly standardized acrossdifferent companies. Examples?

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Early MRP

� MRP (Material or Manufacturing Resource Planning)� Take:

� Product Demand forecasts

� Inventory Balances

� Replenishment Lead Times

� Develop a Production schedule for a single plant

� At this Point, it is a planning tool

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Later on More capabilities added

� Order Processing

� Product Costing

� The planning tool begins to take more and more of an active roll in the business processes.

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A desire to Link Across Functional Departments of firm� Each functional department had its own legacy application� Programmed in different languages

� Different Data formats

� Often some data was shared between departments by duplicating it.

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MRP evolves into ERP

� A common software architecture with modules to support different business functions.� Accounting, finance, sales, HRM, material management, etc…

� Key features:� Multi –functional

� Integrated

� Modular

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ERP Overview

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ERP

� How would you design an ERP?

� Design a user interface for each module� Ask user to fill in certain “fields” at particular times.

� Set up a sequence of events� When the sales department enters an order, that

event triggers an event at the manufacturing department.

� But by doing this, aren’t we presuming a particular business process?

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Questions

How standardized are organizational processes?� Customer service

� Finance

� Manufacturing

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Fundamental options

� Customize the application to existing organization?

� Mold organization to off-the-shelf application?� Is software a good way to propagate best practices?

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Question

Comment on the following widely held beliefs (at their time):� “the movie will displace legitimate theater”

� “television will displace movies”

� “remote learning will displace the university campus as we know it”

What does this suggest about networked applications?



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Net Present Value when i = 0%

� Net Present Value when i = 10%

� Net Present Value when i = 20%

Year 0Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

$-500K

$300K $350K

$0

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Idea of RoR analysis:

What i makes NPV= 0?

Quadratic Formula:

Year 0Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

$-500K

$300K $350K

$0

lecture 6 instructor: katerina potika uc santa cruz april ... · lecture 6 instructor: katerina...

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