Lecture 8Lecture 8

Non-verbal CommunicationNon-verbal Communication

andand

Time in CultureTime in Culture

Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication AreasAreas

Body Movements (kinesics)Body Movements (kinesics) Space (proxemics)Space (proxemics) Time (chronemics)Time (chronemics) Touch (haptics)Touch (haptics) Voice (paralanguage)Voice (paralanguage) ArtifactsArtifacts Physical qualities (appearance, Physical qualities (appearance,

etc.)etc.) Social / Environmental ContextSocial / Environmental Context

10% to 45% of communication is verbal10% to 45% of communication is verbal two people speaking same native languagetwo people speaking same native language

Everything else is NVC & contextEverything else is NVC & context Not just gestures & body languageNot just gestures & body language

Overview of NVCOverview of NVC

Subconscious cultural differencesSubconscious cultural differences No dictionaries No dictionaries Usually cannot ask someone to Usually cannot ask someone to

repeat repeat Generally difficult to hideGenerally difficult to hide

Characteristics of NVCCharacteristics of NVC

3 types in every culture but one 3 types in every culture but one dominatesdominates Past orientationPast orientation Present orientationPresent orientation Future orientationFuture orientation

Time OrientationsTime Orientations

Past OrientationPast Orientation TraditionTradition very important very important worship ancestorsworship ancestors and and strong family tiesstrong family ties aristocracyaristocracy is important is important

Present OrientationPresent Orientation very little attention to past or futurevery little attention to past or future past is past is unimportantunimportant and future is and future is vaguevague and and

unpredictableunpredictable

Future OrientationFuture Orientation ChangeChange highly valued highly valued Future viewed as Future viewed as ““bigger and betterbigger and better”” Being Being ““old-fashionedold-fashioned”” is not a good thing is not a good thing

sleeping, eating, arriving for meetings, sleeping, eating, arriving for meetings, etc.,etc.,

how many things one can do at one time how many things one can do at one time Two ways of categorizingTwo ways of categorizing……

MonochronicMonochronic PolychronicPolychronic

Time PatternsTime Patterns

compartmentalizationcompartmentalization of time of time Schedule events, see or do things one at a timeSchedule events, see or do things one at a time Agendas during meetingsAgendas during meetings Must wait oneMust wait one’’s turns turn

Parties organized and planned to the Parties organized and planned to the minuteminute

Order is important.Order is important.

Japan, America, Western EuropeJapan, America, Western Europe cultures with cultures with low levelslow levels of involvement among of involvement among

peoplepeople

Monochronic Time PatternMonochronic Time Pattern

No compartmentalizationNo compartmentalization Several activities at the Several activities at the same timesame time Lack of schedulesLack of schedules

Parties are unplannedParties are unplanned People come and go as they pleasePeople come and go as they please Afro-America, Latin America, Middle East, Afro-America, Latin America, Middle East,

East India, Malaysia, ChinaEast India, Malaysia, China cultures with cultures with high levelshigh levels of involvement among of involvement among

peoplepeople

Polychronic Time PatternPolychronic Time Pattern