Data Resource Management

Section2 “Managing Data Resources”

CHAPTER 5

Lecture-8/ T. Nouf Almujally

1

Outline• Section 2: Managing Data Resources

• Data Resource Management• Types of Databases• Data Warehouses and Data Mining• Traditional File Processing (not required)• The Database Management Approach

Data Resource Management• Organizations and their managers need to

practice Data resource management which is a managerial activity that applies IS’s technologies like data management, data warehousing, and other data management tools to the organization's data resources to meet the information needs of business stakeholders

Types of Databases• There are several major types of

databases:• Operational DB’s.• Distributed DB’s.• External DB’s.• Hypermedia DB’s.

Operational Databases

Stores detailed data needed to supportbusinesses and operations of a company

Also called subject area databases (SADB), transaction databases, and

production databases

Database examples:customer, human resource, inventory , and other databases containing data generated by business

operations.

Operational Databases

Examples of operational DB’s that can be created and managed for a small business by microcomputer database management

software like Microsoft Access

Distributed Databases• Many organizations replicate and distribute copies or

parts of DB’s to network servers at multiple locations.• Distributed databases can reside on network servers

on the WWW, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company networks.

• Distributed databases may be copies of operational, hypermedia or any other type of database.

• Ensuring that the data in an organization’s distributed database are consistently and concurrently updated is a major challenge.

Distributed Databases

Advantages Disadvantages

1. Protection of valuable data2. (Storage requirement) Data

can be distributed into smaller databases

3. Each location has control of its local data

4. All locations can access any data, anywhere

5. improved database performance at end-user worksites

1. Maintaining data accuracy2. The extra computing power

and bandwidth necessary to access multiple DB’s in multiple locations.

External Databases

Databases available with or without charge from the WWW, or from

commercial online services

Search engines like Google or Yahooare external databases

Hypermedia databases

Statistical databases

Bibliographic andfull-text databases

Hypermedia Databases• The rapid growth of web sites on the Internet ,

intranets and extranets has dramatically increased the use of databases of hypertext and hypermedia documents.

• A web site stores such information in a hypermedia database which consists of interrelated hypermedia page multimedia elements (text, graphic and photographic images, video clips, audio segments .. ) rather than interrelated data records

Act as a DBMS to manage the transfer of hypermedia files

Data Warehouses

It is a central source of data that have been cleaned,transformed, and cataloged

Stores static data that has been extracted fromother databases (operational, external ….. ) in an organization

Hold subsets of data that focus on specific aspects of a company ( Ex. department or process)

Data warehouses may be divided into data marts

Data is used for data mining, analytical processing, , research, decision support

Data Warehouse Components

1 2 3

Applications and Data Marts

A data warehouse and its data mart subsets hold data that have been extracted from various databases for business analysis, market

research, decision support, and data mining applications

Data Mining• Data mining is a major use of data warehouse database and

the static data they contain.

• The Data in data warehouses are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends in historical business activity.

• This analysis can be used to help managers make decisions about strategic changes in business to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace.

• Data mining software uses advanced pattern recognition algorithms and a variety of mathematical and statistical techniques

Data Mining• For example, many companies use data mining to:

• Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles• Find root cause of manufacturing problems• Acquire new customers• Cross-sell to existing customers

The Database Management Approach

Database management involves the use of database management software to control how databases are created, searched, and maintained to provide information that end users need.

The database management approach

A database management

system (DBMS) is the software

interface between users and databases

Consolidates data records held in

separate files, into databases

Data in the DB can be accessed by many different

application programs

Database Management Approach

An example of a database management approach in a Banking information system

DBMS allows a user to make direct ad hoc

interrogations of the database

Database Management System (DBMS)

• Is the main SW tool of the DB management approach.• The three major functions of a DBMS are:

1- Database Development : Create new databases and database applications

2- Database Maintenance: Maintain the quality of the data in an organization’s databases

3- Data Interrogation: Use the databases of an organization to provide the information needed by end users

• Microcomputer DBMS packages allow you to setup and manage DB on your PC, NW server, or the WWW.

• In mainframe and server computer systems, the DBMS is an important system SW package that controls the development, use , and maintenance of the organizations DB.

• Ex. Oracle 10g, MySQL , DB2

DBMS Major Functions

Database Management System (DBMS)

MySQL DBMS

Database Management System

• Database Development• Defining and organizing the content,

relationships, and structure of the data needed to build a database

Database Interrogation• End users can use DBMS by asking for

information from a DB.

End User Makes DBMS Query

Response is a video displayor a printed report

QueryLanguage

Immediate response to ad hoc data

requests

Report Generator

Quickly specifya format for

information you want to present

as a report

No difficult programming

required

Database Interrogation

• SQL Queries• SQL or (Structured Query Language).• Is an international standard query language found in many

DBMS packages.• Is the language structure used to “ask the DB a question”.• The basic form of a SQL Query is SELECT…FROM…

WHERE…

Database Interrogation

Most end-user DBMS packages offer GUI point-and-click methods, which are easier to use

Translates queries into SQL commands

It is difficult to correctly phrase SQL andother database language search queries

Other packages are available that use Natural language query statements similar to conversational English

Graphical and Natural Queries

Microsoft Access Query Wizard

Database Maintenance

Database Maintenance• Accomplished by transaction processing systems and other end-user applications, with the support of the DBMS to add, delete, update, and correct the data in a database.

• Done to reflect new business transactions and other events.

Application Development• End-users, system analysts and application developers can

use programming language or built-in SW development tools provided by DBMS to develop custom application programs.

• For example you can use a DBMS to develop the data entry screens, forms, reports of a business application that access a company database to find and update the data it needs.

• DBMS makes the job of application software developers easier, because they do not have to develop procedures using conventional programming languages every time they write a program.

Questions ..

Read from Chapter 5 (Section 2)

Resources ..