lecture 9.3 through 9.5- naming molecules & acids
DESCRIPTION
Section 9.3, 9.4, & 9.5 lecture slides for Honors & Prep ChemistryTRANSCRIPT
- 1. Bellwork- Naming Salts
- NAME THE FOLLOWING
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- NH 4 NO 3
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- NaF
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- Na 2 SO 4
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- MgO
- WRITE THE FORMULA FOR
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- Magnesium hydroxide
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- Aluminum nitrate
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- Potassium iodide
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- Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), but these two invisible gases are very different.
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3.
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- Small amounts of CO 2in the air do not present any problems.
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- Small amounts of CO in a room can be deadly.
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- A naming system that distinguishes between these two compounds is needed.
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- Because two non-metals may combine in different ratios(ex. CO and CO 2 ),the quantity of each element must be specified in the name of a molecule.
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- A prefix in the name of a binary molecular compound tells how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound.
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6.
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- naming binary molecular compounds:
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- Name the elements in the order listed in the formula.
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- Use prefixes to indicate the number of each kind of atom.
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7.
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- Dont use themono-prefix on the first element in the name.
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- The suffix of the name of the second element is - ide .
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CO 2 carbon dioxide CO carbon monoxide 8.
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- The prefixes in the name tell you the subscript of each element in the formula.Write the correct symbols for the two elements with the appropriate subscripts.
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Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds 9.
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- Silicon carbide is a hard material like diamond.
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- The namesilicon carbidehas no prefixes, so the subscripts of silicon and carbon must be one. Thus, the formula for silicon carbide is SiC.
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10.
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- 1. Which of the following compounds is named INCORRECTLY?
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- CS 2 , carbon disulfide
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- BCl 3 , boron trichloride
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- IF 7 , iodine heptafluoride
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- PCl 5 , phosphorus hexachloride
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- 2. Which of the following molecular compounds is named INCORRECTLY?
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- SbCl 3 , antimony trichloride
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- C 2 O 5 , dicarbon pentoxide
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- CF 4 , carbon tetrafluoride
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- H 3 As, hydrogen arsenide
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12.
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- 3. The correct formula fortetraphosphorus trisulfideis
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- P 3 S 4
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- S 3 P 4
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- P 4 S 3
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- S 4 P 3
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13.
- Section 9.4- Naming Acids and bases
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- An acid is a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water.
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15.
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- An acid is named after its anion.
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- anionending
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- -idehydro__________ic acid
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- -ite__________ous acid
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- -ate __________ic acid
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Anion stem Anion stem Anion stem 16.
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- Acid formulas start with hydrogen & end with the formula of the anion.
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- hydrobromic acid
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- contains bromide (Br - )HBr
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- sulfuric acid
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- contains sulfate (SO 4 2- )H 2 SO 4
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- sulfurous acid
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- contains sulfite (SO 3 2- )H 2 SO 3
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17. A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH - ) ions in water 18.
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- Bases are named in the same way as other ionic compounds the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.
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- The formula for the base aluminum hydroxide is Al(OH) 3 .
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19.
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- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base that is used to make paper.
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20.
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- Cleaners and soap contain sodium hydroxide.
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21.
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- 1. The name for H 2 S(aq) is
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- sulfuric acid.
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- hydrosulfuric acid.
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- sulfurous acid.
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- hydrosulfurous acid.
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9.4 Section Quiz 22.
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- 2. The chemical formula for chlorous acid is
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- HClO 2
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- HClO 3
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- HClO 4
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- HCl
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9.4 Section Quiz 23.
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- 3. The correct chemical name for NH 4 OH is
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- nitrogen tetrahydrogen hydroxide.
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- nitrogen pentahydrogen oxide.
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- ammonium oxyhydride.
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- ammonium hydroxide.
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9.4 Section Quiz 24. Dihydrogen monoxide DHMO ?It is in water sources everywhereIt is responsible for many deaths every year It is the most addictive substance known 25.
- Bellwork- Mixed Naming
- Name the following compounds.
- 1. CCl 4
- 2. SO 2
- 3. MgBr 2
- 4. NH 3
- Write the chemical formula for the following compounds.
- Dinitrogen tetroxide
- Dinitrogen dioxide
26.
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- The rules for naming and writing formulas for compounds are possible only because compounds form from the elements in predictable ways.
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- These ways are summed up in two laws: the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions.
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27.
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- Thelaw of definite proportionsstates that in samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions.
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- Ex. A sample of water always contains 8g O to every 1g H.
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28.
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- Water obeys the law of definite proportions. In every sample of water, the mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is always 8:1.
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29.
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- Hydrogen peroxide obeys the law of definite proportions. The mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is always 16:1.
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30.
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- The law of multiple proportions : Some elements can combine to form more than one compound, in which the quantities of each element are always in a ratio of small whole numbers.
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- CompoundCOCO 2
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- Ratio 1:11:2
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- Sulfur dioxideSulfur trioxide
- SO 2 SO 3
- 1:2 ratio1:3 ratio
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- A Diagram of the Law of Multiple Proportions
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5 5 33.
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- To use a flowchart to write the correct name for a compound, follow the arrows and answer the questions.
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- In writing a chemical formula from a chemical name, it is helpful to remember the following guidelines.
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- An - ideending generally indicates a binary compound.
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- An - iteor - ateending means a polyatomic ion that includes oxygen is in the formula.
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36.
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- Prefixes in a name generally indicate that the compound is molecular.
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- A Roman numeral after the name of a cation shows the ionic charge of the cation.
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37. 38.
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- 1. The law of definite proportions states that in samples of any chemical compound, the elements are always in the same proportion by
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- mass.
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- volume.
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- group number.
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- period number.
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Section Quiz 9.5. 39.
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- 2. If you determine that the name of an ion ends in-iteor-ate , the ion is a
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- polyatomic cation.
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- polyatomic anion.
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- transition metal cation.
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- group A anion.
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