lecture 9_(aais)

8/16/2019 Lecture 9_(AAIS)

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Project Planning Process

Establish project objective

Define scope

Create WBS

Assign responsibility

Define specific activities

Sequence activities

Estimate activity durations

Develop project schedule

Estimate activity resources

Estimate activity costs

Determine budget


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Planning

for Information Systems Development

Definition

Computer-based system

Accepts data as input

Processes the data

Produces useful information

Examples

Computerized order entry

E-commerce Automatic teller machines

Billing, payroll, and inventory

Process

Plan, execute, and control

Systems Development Life

Cycle Problem definition

System analysis

System design

System development System testing

System implementation


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Establish Project Objective

Project objective includes Expected benefits

Primary project end product or deliverable

Date required to be completed

Budget

Changes agreed upon by customer and

contractor

Project objective should be clear and concise at

the beginning of the project.


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Example of Project Objective

To reduce outstanding accounts payable by RM20

million by implementing a new billing, collection,

and receiving systems by May 31 2014 within abudget not exceed RM200,000.

Give an example of a project objective to help

repair a city that has been damaged by an

earthquake.


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A corporation called ABC Office designs has a large number of

sales representatives who sell office furniture to majorcorporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specific

state, and each state is part of one of four regions in the

country. To enable management to monitor the number and

amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and

for each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based

reporting information system that will track prices, inventory,

and the competition

What is this project objective?

Exercise


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Define Project Scope

Project Scope

Defines what needs done

Includes

Items contained in project

charter, RFP, proposal

More detail

Establishes commonunderstanding of scope

with stakeholders

Project Scope Document

Usually contains

Customer requirements

Statement of Work

Deliverables

Acceptance Criteria

Work Breakdown Structure

Establishes baselineChange control system to

avoid scope creep

It describes in detail the work to be accomplished on

the project.


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As time progresses, the scope of a project should become more clear

and specific.

Table 5-3 provides an example of how the scope becomes progressively more detailed

in scope statements labeled Version 1 and Version 2.


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The project scope statements often refer to related

documents, which can be product specifications,product brochures, or other plans.

As more information becomes available and decisions

are made related to project scope, such as specificproducts that will be purchased or changes that have

been approved, the project team should update the

project scope statement.


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sales representatives who sell office furniture to majorcorporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specific

state, and each state is part of one of four regions in the


amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and

for each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based

reporting information system that will track prices, inventory,

and the competition

What is the project scope and the project scope document for

this project?

Exercise


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Plan for Quality

Complete work according to specifications and standards

Plan for assuring quality as project progresses

Include

References for specifications and standards

Written procedures for quality tools and techniques

Key aspects

Monitor as the project progresses

Do work right the first time rather than rework

To ensure that the project will satisfy the

needs for which it was undertaken.


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Project quality management involves three main processes:

1) Planning quality management includes identifying which quality requirements

and standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy them.

• Incorporating quality standards into project design is a key part of quality

planning.


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2) Performing quality assurance involves periodically evaluating overall

project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant

quality standards.

• The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality

throughout the project’s life cycle.


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3) Controlling quality involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that

they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to

improve overall quality.

The main outputs of quality control include quality control measurements,

validated changes, validated deliverables, work performance information, change

requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates, and

organizational process asset updates.


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Create Work Breakdown Structure

(WBS)WBS

Establishes the framework for how the work will get

done to produce the project deliverables.

Deliverable is output of work package

Resource requirements and durations can be

assigned

Accountability can be assigned

Project manager can monitor and control

Graphic chart or indentured list


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CREATING THE WORK

BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a deliverable oriented

grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total

scope.

The WBS is a foundation document in project management

because it provides the basis for planning and managing project

schedules, costs, resources, and changes.

The project scope management plan, scope statement,requirements documentation, enterprise environmental factors,

and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for

creating a WBS.

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CREATING THE WORK

BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

The main tool or technique is decomposition that is, subdividing

project deliverables into smaller pieces.

The outputs of the process of creating the WBS are the scopebaseline and project documents updates.

The scope baseline includes the approved project scope

statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary.

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WBS - Graphic Chart

• A WBS is often depicted as a

task-oriented tree of activities,

similar to an organizational

chart.

What does a WBS look like?

to help visualize the whole

project and all of its main parts.

• Work item

• work package is a task at the lowestlevel of the WBS.

.


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WBS - Indentured List


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Assign Responsibility

Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)- maps the work

of the project, as described in the WBS, to the people

responsible for performing the work.

The RAM allocates work to responsible and performing

organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the

desired level of detail.


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RACI charts to show four key roles for project stakeholders:

• Responsibility: Who does the task?

• Accountability: Who signs off on the task or has authority for it?

• Consultation: Who has information necessary to complete the task?

• Informed: Who needs to be notified of task status and results?


• a RACI chart lists tasks vertically and lists individuals or groups

horizontally.

• Each intersecting cell contains an R, A, C, or I. A task may have

multiple R, C, or I entries, but there can be only one A entry per row to clarify

who is accountable for each task.


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For example, a mechanic is responsible for repairing a car, but the shop owner is

accountable for the repairs being made properly. The car owner and parts

supplier would be other stakeholders with various roles for different work

activities, as shown in Table 9-2.

Project managers can use the RACI codes or any other codes to help clarify theroles that different organizational units or specific stakeholders have in getting thework done.



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sales representatives who sell office furniture to major

corporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specificstate, and each state is part of one of four regions in the


amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and for

each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based reporting

information system that will track prices, inventory, and thecompetition

Identify the major tasks that need to be accomplished to

develop the Web-based reporting information systems (hint:SDLC).

Develop the WBS and assign responsibility

Exercise

lecture 9_(aais)

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