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Page 1: Lecture content management

Co-funded by the European Union

Semantic CMS Community

Content Management

From free text input to automatic entity enrichment

Copyright IKS Consortium1

LecturerOrganization

Date of presentation

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Copyright IKS Consortium

Introduction of Content Management

Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies

Storing and Accessing Semantic Data

Knowledge Interaction and Presentation

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Semantic Lifting

Designing Interactive Ubiquitous IS

Requirements Engineering for Semantic CMS

Designing Semantic CMS

Semantifying your CMS

Part I: Foundations

Part II: Semantic Content Management

Part III: Methodologies

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What is this Lecture about?

Motivation What is content management? Why do we need content management?

Shortcomings What are shortcomings of existing CMS? What are approaches to overcome these shortcomings?

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Introduction of Content Management

Part I: Foundations

(1)

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„We are drowning in information and starved for knowledge.“

Content is highly available through the Internet and the raising importance of cloud approaches

Information are distributed over people and systems Data is available in various media and technical formats

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An efficient way for working with huge amounts of unstructured

content.NEEDED

(John Naisbitt)

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Who is using

Content Management

Systems?

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The most popular CMS ...

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http://en.wikipedia.org

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Content Management Systems

CMS are a single point of entry, providing consistency and the foundations for collaborative work with content

CMS provide functionalities to handle large amounts of content: Creation of new content Editing of existing content Organisation and management of content Presentation of content

Media-neutral data management (separation of layout and content)

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Web Content Management Systems (WCMS)

“A WCMS is a program that helps in maintaining, controlling, changing and reassembling the content on a web-page [...]. The user interacts with the system at the front through a normal web browser. From there he can edit, control parts of the layout and maintain and add to the web-pages without any programming or HTML skills.” - http://www.aiim.org/

WCMS are specific CMS, that focus on the management of digital data for web applications

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Multi-Media Content Management

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TV shows

Sports

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Enterprise Content Management (ECM)

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Content Management in the Tourism Domain

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State of Play in Content Management

Current solutions provide efficient ways to manage content

Domain-specific requirements, like “multichannel content distribution” are addressed

Content can be managed and presented in multi-media formats

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What is

missing?

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What am I searching for?

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Are you looking for a cat or a car?

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Shortcomings of “traditional” CMS

Content is only “understandable” by users and not by machines Irrelevant search results Aggregation of relevant content needs to be done

manually

Inferring Knowledge from Content Dependencies, relations and inconsistencies among

content items need to be identified and defined manually

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Requirements on CMS

Search Searching for keywords instead of formulating questions Manual identification and selection of relevant content Aggregation of content (possibly from different sources)

needs to be done by the user

Content- and context-aware creation and presentation of content Interaction with content on the user's level of knowledge

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How can we improve

Content Management

Systems to overcome these

shortcomings?

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Web evolution

Slide by Nova Spivack, Radar Networks

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

Web 3.0 Web 4.0

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The Semantic Web

The vision of the Semantic Web has been originally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee

“The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” [The Semantic Web, 2001]

Data can be processed manually by users and in an automated way

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What are we talking about?

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Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

?

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Data

“Data is defined as a symbol that represents a property of an object, an event or their environment. It is the product of observation but is of no use until its in a usable (that is, relevant) form. The difference between data an information is functional not structural.” [Ackoff1989]

Examples: “John Smith”

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Information

“Information is contained in descriptions, answers to questions that begin with such words as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘how many’. Information systems generate, store, retrieve and process data. Information is inferred from data.” [Ackoff1989]

Examples: “John Smith is a name.”

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Knowledge

“Knowledge is know-how, and is what makes possible the transformation of information into instruction. Knowledge can be obtained either by transmission from another who has it, by instruction, or by extracting it from experience.” [Ackoff1989]

Example: “John Smith is a potential customer for your products.”

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Wisdom

“Wisdom is the ability to increase effectiveness. Wisdom adds value, which requires the mental function that we call judgement. The ethical and aesthetic values that this implies are inherent to the actor and are unique and personal.” [Ackoff1989]

Example: „It would be right/wrong to sell the

product to John Smith.“

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“Knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a fruit; wisdom is knowing not to put it in a

fruit salad.”

Brian O'Driscoll

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DIKW Hierarchy

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“Information is not knowledge,Knowledge is not wisdom,

Wisdom is not truth,Truth is not beauty,Beauty is not love,Love is not music,

and Music is the best.”

Frank Zappa, "Packard Goose"

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Context

Meaning

Insight

[Ackoff1989]

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Lessons Learned

Understand the need for an efficient content management solution

What are the different „types“ of CMS and what do they provide?

The shortcomings of existing content management solutions.

Distinction among the terms in the DIKW pyramide (data, information, knowledge, wisdom)

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Literature

Ackoff, Russell (1989). "From Data to Wisdom". Journal of Applied Systems Analysis

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