Lecture Notesin Business Information Processing 9

Series Editors

Wil van der AalstEindhoven Technical University, The Netherlands

John MylopoulosUniversity of Trento, Italy

Norman M. SadehCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Michael J. ShawUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA

Clemens SzyperskiMicrosoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA

Pekka Abrahamsson Richard BaskervilleKieran Conboy Brian FitzgeraldLorraine Morgan Xiaofeng Wang (Eds.)

Agile Processesin Software Engineeringand Extreme Programming

9th International Conference, XP 2008Limerick, Ireland, June 10-14, 2008Proceedings

13

Volume Editors

Pekka AbrahamssonVTT Electronics90571 Oulu, FinlandE-mail: pekka.abrahamsson@vtt.fi

Richard BaskervilleGeorgia State UniversityDept. of Computer Information Systems30302 Atlanta, GA, USAE-mail: baskerville@acm.org

Kieran ConboyNational University of IrelandDept. of Accountancy and FinanceGalway, IrelandE-mail: kieran.conboy@nuigalway.ie

Brian FitzgeraldLorraine MorganXiaofeng WangUniversity of LimerickLero - The Irish Software Engineering Research CentreLimerick, IrelandE-mail: {brian.fitzgerald,lorraine.morgan}@ul.ie, xiaofeng.wang@lero.ie

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927853

ACM Computing Classification (1998): D.2, K.6

ISSN 1865-1348ISBN-10 3-540-68254-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkISBN-13 978-3-540-68254-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Preface

The XP conference series established in 2000 was the first conference dedicated to agile processes in software engineering. The idea of the conference is to offer a unique setting for advancing the state of the art in the research and practice of agile processes. This year’s conference was the ninth consecutive edition of this international event. The conference has grown to be the largest conference on agile software development outside North America. The XP conference enjoys being one of those conferences that truly brings practitioners and academics together. About 70% of XP participants come from industry and the number of academics has grown steadily over the years. XP is more of an experience rather than a regular conference. It offers several different ways to interact and strives to create a truly collaborative environment where new ideas and exciting findings can be presented and shared. For example, this year’s open space session, which was “a conference within a conference”, was larger than ever before.

Agile software development is a unique phenomenon from several perspectives. Few expected it to last for more than a few years due to the focus on team-level soft-ware development and a perceived inability to cope with complex development envi-ronments. The roots of agile development ideas can be traced back for several decades as experienced practitioners gradually materialized the ideas in the form of several independently developed methods that shared many common characteristics. Later, these characteristics became better known in their expression as the agile manifesto. Anecdotal evidence and the popular press indicate that large software-intensive corpo-rations who operate in complex global development environments are in the process of deploying agile processes and practices as part of their de-facto approach to soft-ware development. This process continues even though attempts thus far to standard-ize or even set up a list of agreed recommended practices for agile software develop-ment have fallen short.

Agile software development is unique from a research perspective as well. Anecdo-tal evidence suggests that, once applied, it may impact the corporate-wide software development ecosystem. It is therefore one of the few research topics that highlights the benefits of bringing together the applied research done in software engineering with theoretically well-developed information systems research, thereby melding con-structive pragmatics into holistic views of organizational impacts and beyond. To-gether, both disciplines can increase our understanding of the concepts, issues and impacts of agile processes in various development contexts. For the first time in the conference’s history, both the IS and SE community are equally present in the Organi-zation Committee, in search of the winning balance between abstract perspectives and the experiences of practitioners from the field.

The XP conference has increased its academic standing year by year. The XP committee will seek to build upon this trend in the coming years as well. The XP pa-per submissions went through a rigorous peer-reviewing process. Each paper was reviewed by at least two Program Committee members. Of 54 papers submitted, only 16 were accepted as full papers. The papers represent a set of high-quality research

Preface VI

studies addressing a wide variety of different topics ranging from history and evolu-tion of agile methods to new conceptual models of agility, human factors in agile development and technical aspects of agile processes. The conference program also included a number of interactive workshops, panels and the conference-within-a-conference open space event. This year’s XP also presented a number of high-profile keynotes from Dave Snowden, Kati Vilkki and Philippe Kruchten. XP 2008 presented the largest tutorial offering ever seen in the conference history. The participants had the option to participate in 19 half-day tutorials.

We would like to extend our gratitude to all those who contributed to the organiza-tion of the XP 2008 event. The authors, the sponsors, the Chairs, the reviewers, and all the volunteers: without their help, this event would have not been possible. April 2008

Pekka Abrahamsson Richard Baskerville

Kieran Conboy Brian Fitzgerald

Lorraine Morgan Xiaofeng Wang

Organization

Executive Committee

General Chair Program Chairs Organizing Chairs Local Committee Chair Publicity and Industrial Chairs Tutorial Chairs Panel Chairs Workshop Chair Open Space Chair Poster Chairs

Pekka Abrahamsson (Finland) Richard Baskerville (USA) Kieran Conboy (Ireland) Brian Fitzgerald (Ireland) Xiaofeng Wang (Ireland) Lorraine Morgan (Ireland) Julie Eckstein (Germany) Brian Hanly (Ireland) Steven Fraser (USA) Angela Martin (New Zealand) David Hussman (USA) Lasse Koskela (Finland) Par Ågerfalk (Sweden) Charlie Poole (USA) Daniel Karlstrom (Sweden) Minna Pikkarainen (Finland)

VIII Organization

Program Committee

Marco Abis, Italy Tom Acton, Ireland Par Agerfalk, Sweden Scott Ambler, Canada David Avison, France Chris Barry, Ireland David Bustard, UK Sven Carlsson, Sweden Val Casey, Ireland Francesco Cirillo, Italy Ethan Cleary, Ireland Gerry Coleman, Ireland Kieran Conboy, Ireland Daniela Damian, Canada Ernesto Damiani, Italy Torgeir Dingsoyr, Norway Brian Donnellan, Ireland Yael Dubinsky, Israel Christian Federspiel, Austria Elaine Ferneley, UK Guy Fitzgerald, UK Stephen Fraser, USA Gary Gaughan, Ireland Goran Goldkuhl, Sweden Jim Highsmith, USA Seamus Hill, Ireland Mairead Hogan, Ireland Helena Holmström, Sweden David Hussman, USA Linda Levine, USA Karlheinz Kautz, Denmark Frank Keenan, Ireland Mikko Korkala, Finland Lasse Koskela, Finland

Michael Lang, Ireland Gary Lohan, Ireland Kalle Lyytinen, USA Lars Mathiassen, USA Frank Maurer, Canada John McAvoy, Ireland Fergal McCaffery, Ireland Orla McHugh, Ireland Grigori Melnik, Canada Kannan Mohan, USA Eoin O’Conchuir, Ireland Markku Oivo, Finland Padraig O’Leary, Ireland Minna Pikkarainen, Ireland Charlie Poole, USA Rafael Prikladnicki, Brazil Bala Ramesh, USA Barbara Russo, Italy Outi Salo, Finland Murray Scott, Ireland Keng Siau, USA Maha Shaikh, Ireland Ahmed Sidky, USA Alberto Sillitti, Italy Sandra Slaughter, USA Christoph Steindl, Austria Giancarlo Succi, Italy Richard Vidgen, UK Xiaofeng Wang, Ireland Barbara Weber, Austria Don Wells, USA Werner Wild, Austria Laurie Williams, USA

Sponsors

IX Organization

Table of Contents

Agile Innovations

Essence: Facilitating Agile Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Ivan Aaen

Scrum and Team Effectiveness: Theory and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Nils Brede Moe and Torgeir Dingsøyr

Misfit or Misuse? Lessons from Implementation of Scrum in RadicalProduct Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Jens Henrik Hosbond and Peter Axel Nielsen

Adaptation of Agile

Method Configuration: The eXtreme Programming Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Fredrik Karlsson and Par J. Agerfalk

Adopting Agile in a Large Organisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Jose Abdelnour-Nocera and Helen Sharp

An Observational Study of a Distributed Card Based PlanningEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Robert Morgan, Frank Maurer, and Mike Chiasson

Agile Testing and Assessment

The TDD-Guide Training and Guidance Tool for Test-DrivenDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Oren Mishali, Yael Dubinsky, and Shmuel Katz

JExample: Exploiting Dependencies between Tests to Improve DefectLocalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Adrian Kuhn, Bart Van Rompaey, Lea Haensenberger,Oscar Nierstrasz, Serge Demeyer, Markus Gaelli, andKoenraad Van Leemput

An Agile Development Process and Its Assessment Using QuantitativeObject-Oriented Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Giulio Concas, Marco Di Francesco, Michele Marchesi,Roberta Quaresima, and Sandro Pinna

XII Table of Contents

History and Evolution of Agile

Historical Roots of Agile Methods: Where Did “Agile Thinking” ComeFrom? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Noura Abbas, Andrew M. Gravell, and Gary B. Wills

Seven Years of XP - 50 Customers, 100 Projects and 500Programmers – Lessons Learnt and Ideas for Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Mike Holcombe and Chris Thomson

People Factors in Agile Environments

Applying XP to an Agile–Inexperienced Software Development Team . . . 114Liana Silva, Celio Santana, Fernando Rocha, Maıra Paschoalino,Gabriel Falconieri, Lucio Ribeiro, Renata Medeiros,Sergio Soares, and Cristine Gusmao

Investigating the Usefulness of Pair-Programming in a Mature AgileTeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Irina Diana Coman, Alberto Sillitti, and Giancarlo Succi

Conceptual Models of Agility

Just Enough Structure at the Edge of Chaos: Agile Information SystemDevelopment in Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Karlheinz Kautz and Sabine Zumpe

A Preliminary Conceptual Model for Exploring Global Agile Teams . . . . 147Jason H. Sharp and Sherry D. Ryan

Scrum Implementation Using Kotter’s Change Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Sinead Hayes and Ita Richardson

Experience Reports

Agile Estimation with Monte Carlo Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Juanjuan Zang

The Pomodoro Technique for Sustainable Pace in ExtremeProgramming Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Federico Gobbo and Matteo Vaccari

Adopting Iterative Development: The Perceived Business Value . . . . . . . . 185Caryna Pinheiro, Frank Maurer, and Jonathan Sillito

Explicit Risk Management in Agile Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Christopher R. Nelson, Gil Taran, and Lucia de Lascurain Hinojosa

Table of Contents XIII

Posters

APDT: An Agile Planning Tool for Digital Tabletops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Sebastian Weber, Yaser Ghanam, Xin Wang, and Frank Maurer

Investigating the Role of Trust in Agile Methods Using a Light WeightSystematic Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Eisha Hasnain and Tracy Hall

Agile Practices in a Product Development Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Frank Keenan, Tony McCarron, Shay Doherty, and Stuart McLean

Building and Linking a Metaphor: Finding Value! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Frank Keenan, David Bustard, Namgyal Damdul, andDavid Connolly

The Story of Transition to Agile Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212Gadi Lifshitz, Ayelet Kroskin, and Yael Dubinsky

Predicting Software Fault Proneness Model Using Neural Network . . . . . 215Yogesh Singh, Arvinder Kaur, and Ruchika Malhotra

Multi-modal Functional Test Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Shelly Park and Frank Maurer

Social Network Analysis of Communication in Open Source Projects . . . 220Guido Porruvecchio, Selene Uras, and Roberta Quaresima

Toward Empowering Extreme Programming from an ArchitecturalViewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Amir Saffarian, Amir Azim Sharifloo, and Fereidoun Shams

A Metric-Based Approach to Assess Class Testability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Yogesh Singh and Anju Saha

Inside View of an Extreme Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Sara Shahzad, Zahid Hussain, Martin Lechner, and Wolfgang Slany

To Track QA Work or Not; That Is the Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Juanjuan Zang

Build Notifications in Agile Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Ruth Ablett, Frank Maurer, Ehud Sharlin, Jorg Denzinger, andCraig Schock

Supporting Distributed Pair Programming with the COLLECEGroupware System: An Empirical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Rafael Duque and Crescencio Bravo

XIV Table of Contents

Workshops

Experience on the Human Side of Agile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Angela Martin, James Noble, and Robert Biddle

Retrospective Exploration Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236David Hussman and Lasse Koskela

Exposing the “Devils” within: Agile Taboos in a Large Organization . . . 238Lars Arne Skar and Jan-Erik Sandberg

BIOHAZARD – Engineering the Change Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Patrick Kua

Architecture-Centric Methods and Agile Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242Muhammad Ali Babar and Pekka Abrahamsson

Exploring Agile Coaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244Rachel Davies and Liz Sedley

The Agile Technique Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246David Parsons

AOSTA: Agile Open Source Tools Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Werner Wild, Barbara Weber, and Hubert Baumeister

Panels (Abstracts)

There’s No Such Thing as Best Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Moderator: Steve Freeman

Culture and Agile: Challenges and Synergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Steven Fraser, Pekka Abrahamsson, Robert Biddle, Jutta Eckstein,Philippe Kruchten, Dennis Mancl, and Werner Wild

Architecture and Agility Are Not Mutually Exclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Moderator: Lasse Koskela

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257