lecture on: frames. frames versus tables frames allow part of the page, usually a navigation bar, to...
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Lecture on:
Frames
FRAMES VERSUS TABLES
Frames allow part of the page, usually a navigation bar, to stay put
The Requirements to Create Frames
A FRAMESET html document to create the overall layout
HTML documents to fill the areas implied in the frameset document
Implication of frame structure
A document rendered by FRAMESET displays several web pages at once
FRAMESET replaces the BODY tag in your html file
An Annotated Example<HTML> <HEAD> You aren’t putting any text above the
frame
</HEAD><FRAMESET> This sets up your structure <FRAME SRC=“topdoc.html”>in this frame the
FIRST time the page is loaded
<FRAME SRC=“bottomdoc.html”Ditto
</FRAMESET> note that Frameset is a container element
</HTML>…by default, the screen will split equally between your documents
FRAMESET Attributes
ROWS=
COLUMNS=
BORDER= BORDERCOLOR=
ROWS AND COLUMNS
Use ROWS= COLUMNS=if you don’t want screen split evenly
- pixels or percentages
- * -- lets HTML compute what’s left
BORDERS
BORDER= (between pages on screen)
in pixels defaults to 5 BORDERCOLOR (of frames) defaults to gray on most browsers
FRAME Attributes
SRC=
NAME=
MARGINWIDTH=MARGINHEIGHT=
SRC
SRC= where to get the html page to fill this frame
If you don’t put SRC, the frame will be created but left blank
NAME
Goes within the FRAME element
NAME=“framename”
By naming your frames, you make it possible to open links in them from any document anyplace on the screen
A more complex FRAMESET Example
<FRAMESET COLS=“20% ,80%”> splits page vertically
<FRAMESET ROWS=“15%,* >splits the 20% horizontally <FRAME SRC=“logo.gif”> logo in the top 15% <FRAME SRC=“nav.gif” name=“menu”> nav in the
bottom 85% ; also names the frame so I can open links in it from elsewhere
<FRAMESET ROWS=“*” the 80% is all one row <FRAME SRC=“pagebody.html name=“main”> this
fills the right side
</FRAMESET>
TARGET used with FramesLinks within documents open in the current
window
To override this, use TARGET
An example:
Among my hobbies are <A HREF=“porkers.html” TARGET=“main”> pigs </A>,<AHREF=“peeps.html” TARGET=“main”> chickens
</A>……
TARGET Reserves 4 Words_BLANK
loads the page into a new browser window
_SELF
loads the page into the current window.
_PARENT
loads the page into the frame next up from the frame the link is in
_TOP
loads the page into the full browser window.
Hint
If you misspell the target the browser will create a new window for your link
INSTEAD OF loading it in the current page
Minor FRAME Elements
MARGINWIDTH=
MARGINHEIGHT=
SCROLLING=
Padding within Frames
MARGINWIDTH= pads frames side to side
MARGINHEIGHT= pads frames top to bottom
Both expressed in pixels
The Scroll Bar
SCROLLING=“auto” is the default; creates a scrollbar if page is longer than frame
SCROLLING=“yes” creates a bar all the time
SCROLLING=“no” suppresses the bar
Two Disadvantages of Frames
1. The bookmark is fixed to the controlling FRAMESET document so you can’t bookmark the contents of the frames.
2. Not every browser is frames-capable
The Frames-Incapable
1. Browsers older than Explorer 3.0 Navigator 2.0
2. Screen resolutions of less than 640 by 480 pixels
Provide an Alternative for those Browsers
Before FRAMESET, code <NOFRAMES> <BODY> What you want them to see
instead…. </BODY> </NOFRAMES>