lecture outline one-dimensional chapter 2...

Umm Al-Qura University Dr. Abdulsalam Ali

LECTURE OUTLINE

CHAPTER 2

One-Dimensional

Kinematics

2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement

� Position

� Before describing motion, you must set up a

coordinate system – define an origin and a positive

direction.direction.



� Distance: is the total length of travel

� SI unit: meter (m)

� Ex: if you drive from your house to the grocery store

and back, you have covered a distance of 8.6 mi.and back, you have covered a distance of 8.6 mi.

� Scalar and always positive.



� Displacement : is the change in position.

� If you drive from your house to the grocery store and then to your friend’s house, your displacement is - 02.1 mi and the distance you have traveled is 10.7 mi.

x∆

10.7 mi.

� Vector quantity, and it can be positive or negative.



� Answer:


2-2 Average Speed and Velocity

� The average speed: is defined as the distance

traveled divided by the time the trip took

� Average speed = distance / time SI (m/s)

� Scalar and always positive.� Scalar and always positive.



� Vector, can be positive or negative.

2-3 instantaneous Velocity

� instantaneous Velocity.

� Definition:

� SI (m/s)

� we evaluate the average velocity over a shorter

and shorter period of time; as that time becomes

very small ( near to be zero )


2-3 instantaneous Velocity

� Graphical Interpretation of Average and

Instantaneous Velocity


2-4 Acceleration

� The rate of change of velocity with time.

� Vector, can be positive, negative or zero.

� Instantaneous acceleration.


2-4 Acceleration

� Graphical Interpretation of Average and

Instantaneous Acceleration:


2-4 Acceleration.


2-5 Motion with Constant Acceleration.

� Equations describing the motion of particles moving

with constant acceleration.

� 1- Average velocity is:

1= +

� 2- Velocity, time, acceleration.

ov v a t= +

1( )

2av ov v v= +



� 3- Position, time , and velocity

� 4- Position, time, velocity, and acceleration.

1( )

2o ox x v v t= + +

� 4- Position, time, velocity, and acceleration.

� 5- Position, velocity acceleration

21

2o ox x v t a t= + +

2 2 2ov v a x= + ∆Umm Al-Qura University Dr. Abdulsalam Ali


ov v a t= +Umm Al-Qura University Dr. Abdulsalam Ali

2-7 Freely Falling Objects

� Free fall is the motion of an object subject only to the influence of gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is a constant, where


constant, where

� An object falling in air is subject to air resistance (and therefore is not freely falling).

29.81 /g m s=

a g= −


� Equations describing the motion of free falling:

� 1- ov v gt= −


� 2-

� 3-

21

2o oy y v t g t= + −

2 2 2ov v g y= − ∆


� If we have VA

and Y.

Describe all cases.

- A: t =0 and y= 0.

- B: v=0.A

B

C


- B: v=0.

- C: tC

= 2tB, y=0 and v

C= -v

A.

- E: Y= -Y.

E

Y

lecture outline one-dimensional chapter 2...

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