lee kesler

93
APPENDIX A A. TABLES Contents 0: Units, conversions. 1: Molecular weights, critical and other properties of selected elements and compounds. 2: Triple points of several substances (solid, liquid and vapor phase). 3: Lennard–Jones parameters. 4A: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): temperature. 4B: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): pressure. 4C: Properties of superheated water vapor. 5A: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): temperature. 5B: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): pressure. 5C: Properties of superheated refrigerant 134a vapor. 6A: Properties of selected solids at 25ºC. 6B: Properties of some liquids at 25ºC. 6C: Properties of various ideal gases at 25ºC, 100 kPa (SI units). 6D: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of liquids. 6E: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of solids. 6F1: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases. 6F2: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases. 7: Ideal gas properties of air. 8: Ideal gas properties of carbon monoxide. 9: Ideal gas properties of carbon dioxide. 10: Ideal gas properties of hydrogen atoms. 11: Ideal gas properties of molecular hydrogen. 12: Ideal gas properties of water. 13: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen atoms. 14: Ideal gas properties of nitric oxide. 15: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen dioxide. 16: Ideal gas properties of molecular nitrogen. 17: Ideal gas properties of oxygen atoms. 18: Ideal gas properties of hydroxyl, OH. 19: Ideal gas properties of molecular oxygen. 20A: Constants for the Benedict–Webb–Rubin. 20B: Constants for the Beatie Bridgemann equation. 21: Lee–Kessler constants. 22: Pitzer generalized saturation data. 23A: Lee–Kessler values for z (0) (T r , Pr). 23B: Lee–Kessler values for z (1) (T r , Pr). 24A: Lee–Kessler residual enthalpy values for ((h l – h) (0) / (RT)). 24B: Lee–Kessler residual enthalpy values for ((h * – h) (1) / (RT)). 25A: Lee–Kessler residual entropy values for ((s * – s) (0) / (RT)). 25B: Lee–Kessler residual entropy values for ((s * – s) (1) / (RT)). 26A: Lee–Kessler fugacity coefficient values for (log 10 f/p) (0) . 26B: Lee–Kessler residual fugacity coefficient values for (f (1) /P). 27A: Values of the enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, absolute entropy, and enthalpy of vaporization at 25ºC and 1 atm. 27B: Values of enthalpy of combustion, Gibbs free energy change, entropy change and chemical availability in dry air during the combustion of TABLE fuels at standard temperature T o = 25 o C, and pressure Po = 1 atm.

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Page 1: lee kesler

APPENDIX A

A. TABLES

Contents 0: Units, conversions.1: Molecular weights, critical and other properties of selected elements

and compounds.2: Triple points of several substances (solid, liquid and vapor phase).3: Lennard–Jones parameters.

4A: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): temperature.4B: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): pressure.4C: Properties of superheated water vapor.5A: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): temperature.5B: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): pressure.5C: Properties of superheated refrigerant 134a vapor.6A: Properties of selected solids at 25ºC.6B: Properties of some liquids at 25ºC.6C: Properties of various ideal gases at 25ºC, 100 kPa (SI units).6D: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of liquids.6E: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of solids.

6F1: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases.6F2: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases.

7: Ideal gas properties of air.8: Ideal gas properties of carbon monoxide.9: Ideal gas properties of carbon dioxide.

10: Ideal gas properties of hydrogen atoms.11: Ideal gas properties of molecular hydrogen.12: Ideal gas properties of water.13: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen atoms.14: Ideal gas properties of nitric oxide.15: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen dioxide.16: Ideal gas properties of molecular nitrogen.17: Ideal gas properties of oxygen atoms.18: Ideal gas properties of hydroxyl, OH.19: Ideal gas properties of molecular oxygen.

20A: Constants for the Benedict–Webb–Rubin.20B: Constants for the Beatie Bridgemann equation.

21: Lee–Kessler constants.22: Pitzer generalized saturation data.

23A: Lee–Kessler values for z (0) (Tr, Pr).23B: Lee–Kessler values for z (1) (Tr, Pr).24A: Lee–Kessler residual enthalpy values for ((hl – h)(0)/ (RT)).

24B: Lee–Kessler residual enthalpy values for ((h* – h)(1)/ (RT)).25A: Lee–Kessler residual entropy values for ((s* – s)(0)/ (RT)).25B: Lee–Kessler residual entropy values for ((s* – s)(1)/ (RT)).26A: Lee–Kessler fugacity coefficient values for (log10 f/p)(0).26B: Lee–Kessler residual fugacity coefficient values for (f (1)/P).27A: Values of the enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation,

absolute entropy, and enthalpy of vaporization at 25ºC and 1 atm.27B: Values of enthalpy of combustion, Gibbs free energy change, entropy

change and chemical availability in dry air during the combustion of

TABLE

fuels at standard temperature To = 25oC, and pressure Po = 1 atm.

Page 2: lee kesler

27C: Values of the adiabatic flame temperature, entropy generation at 298K, and the composition of some of the product gases during the com-bustion of various hydrocarbons in a perfectly insulated steady stateburner.

28A: Values of the constants Ak and Bk for the reaction mechanisms of theformation of various substances in ideal–gas states at standard pres-sure Po = 1 atm, for use in the approximate expression.

28B: Values of log10 K.

Page 3: lee kesler

TABLE 0: UNITS, CONVERSIONS

Other Conversions

1 atm 14.696 lbf

in.1.013 bar

1 Bbl 42 gal 5.615 ft

1 Bbl

1 BTU 778.17 lbf ft 1.0551kJ

1 BTUlbm ft

s1 ft 12 in 0.3048 m

1 gal in ft

1 gal

1 hp 0 Btu / s 0.746 kW

1 lbf 32.174 lbm ft

s1 mile 5280 ft 1609 m

1 psi 1 lbf

in.144

lbf

ft1 psi

2

3

2

2

3 3

2

2 2

= =

=

= ==

= ⋅ =

=⋅

= =

= === =

=⋅

= =

= =

=

1 0133

1

158 98

25 037

231 0 1337

3 785

7064

.

.

,

.

.

.

bar

atm

L

L

6.894 kPa6.894 kPa

Unit SI units

acre 4046.9 m2

Angstrom 1.0x10-10 matmosphere 101325 Pabar 1×105 Pa

BTU 1055.1 Jday 86400 s

ºR 0.555556 Kft 0.3048 mgal 3.7854×10–3 m3

hour 3600 shp 745.70 W

inch 0.0254 mlbf 4.4482 Nlbm 0.45359 kgliter 0.001 m3

mile 1609.3 mminute 60 smm hg 133.32 Papsi 6894.8 Pa

Multiplier Prefix Symbol

1012 tera T

109 giga G

106 mega M

103 kilo k

102 hecta h

10 deca da

10–1 deci d

10–2 centi c

10–3 milli m

10–6 micro µ

10–9 nano n

10–12 pico p

10–15 femto f

10–18 atto a

Page 4: lee kesler

Others1 short ton = 2000 lb1 metric ton = 1000 kg1 long ton = 2240 lb1 lb = 7000 grainsgc = 32.174 lbm ft /s2 lbf

J = 778.14 ft lbf/ BTUOne (food) calorie = 1000calories or 1 kcalT(K) = T(oC) + 273.15T(oR) = T(oF) + 459.67Navag = 6.023×10 26 molecules/kmol for a molecular substance (e.g., oxygen)

= 6.023×10 26 atoms/atom mole for an atomic substance (e.g., He)

kB, Boltzmann Constant =1.38x10-26 kJ/molecule KhP , Planck’s constant = 6626x10-37kJ-s/moleculec, Speed of light in vacuum = 2.998x108 m/s.Ideal Gas LawPv = RT; PV = m R T; PV = nRT, Pv = R T ,

R = 8.314kPa m

k mole K = 0.08314

bar mk mole K

3 3

= 1.986Btu

lbmole Ro = 1545

ftlbf

lbmole Ro= 0.7299 atm ft3/lb mole R

Volume of 1 kmol (SI) and 1 lb mole (English) of an ideal gas at STP conditions as definedbelow:

STP:25ºC (77ºF), 101 kPa(14.7 psia)

STP: 15ºC (60ºF), 101kPa(14.7) psia

STP: 0ºC (32ºF), 101 kPa(14.7 psia)

24.5 m3/kmol, 392 ft3/lbmole

23.7 m3/kmol, 375.6 ft3/lbmole

22.4 m3/kmol, 359.2 ft3/lbmole

Page 5: lee kesler

TABLE 1: Molecular weights, critical and other properties of selected elements and compoundsTMP: Temperature of melting or freezing point, TBP: temperature of normal boiling points, hsf: heat of melting, hfg: heat of evaporation, w:Pitzer factor

Substance M Tc Pc zc vc w TMP TBP hsf hfg a , RK b , RK a , VW b , VWK bar K K kJ/kg kJ/kg (bar

m6K0.5)/kmol2

m3/kmol (bar m6)/kmol2

m3/kmol

Acetic acid C2H4O2 60.06 594.4 57.9 0.200 0.171 0.462 289.8 391.1 195.4 394.6 439.62 0.0739 17.7944 0.10669Acetone CH3COCH3 58.08 508.1 47 0.233 0.209 0.306 178.2 329.4 98.0 501.7 365.87 0.0779 16.0179 0.11235Acetylene C2H2 26.04 308.8 61.4 0.270 0.113 0.190 189.2 189.2 144.6 653.6 80.65 0.0362 4.52887 0.05227Air 28.97 133 37.7 0.283 0.0829 78.7 15.99 0.0254 1.36825 0.03666Ammonia NH3 17.03 405.6 112.8 0.243 0.0725 0.250 195.4 239.7 332.4 1371.8 86.79 0.0259 4.25295 0.03737Aniline C6H7N 93.14 699 540 266.9 457.6 70.69 0.0093 2.63854 0.01345Argon Ar 39.95 150.8 48.7 0.291 0.0749 0.001 83.8 87.3 30.4 163.5 16.94 0.0223 1.36169 0.03218Benzene C6H6 78.11 562.1 48.9 0.271 0.259 0.212 278.7 353.3 126.0 394.1 452.67 0.0828 18.8418 0.11946Bromine Br2 159.81 584 103 0.269 0.127 0.108 265.9 332 236.46 0.0408 9.65589 0.05892Butane–n C4H10 58.12 425.2 38 0.274 0.255 0.199 134.8 272.6 80.2 387.1 289.90 0.0806 13.8742 0.11629Butanol C3H9OH 62.13 562.95 44.18 390.9 502.93 0.0918 20.9179 0.13242Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 304.2 73.8 0.274 0.094 0.239 194.7 194.7 196.6 347.6 64.62 0.0297 3.6565 0.04284Carbon disulfide CS2 76.13 552 79 0.293 0.17 0.115 162.0 319.4 267.78 0.0503 11.2475 0.07262Carbon monox-ide

CO 44.01 132.9 35 0.295 0.0931 0.066 68.1 81.7 29.9 215.8 17.19 0.0274 1.47159 0.03946

Carbon tetra-chloride

CCl4 153.8 556.4 45.6 0.272 0.276 0.193 250.3 349.9 16.5 194.0 473.22 0.0879 19.7976 0.12681

Chlorine Cl2 70.9 417 77.11 0.276 0.124 0.073 171.5 238.7 90.4 288.2 136.08 0.0390 6.57605 0.0562Chloroform CHCl3 119.37 536.4 55 0.295 0.239 0.216 209.6 334.3 79.9 249.0 358.03 0.0703 15.2552 0.10136Cyanogen C2N2 52.04 400 59.8 238.75 251.98 158.13 0.0482 7.8023 0.06952Cyclopentane C5H10 70.13 511.8 45.02 0.273 0.2583 0.194 179.3 322.4 8.7 388.7 388.96 0.0819 16.9668 0.11814Decane–n C10H22 142.3 619 21.23 0.249 0.6031 0.484 243.5 447.0 201.8 281.2 1326.88 0.2100 52.6302 0.30301

Ethane C2H6 30.54 305.4 48.8 0.285 0.1483 0.099 89.9 184.5 95.1 489.4 98.70 0.0451 5.57342 0.06504Ethanol C2H5OH 46.07 516.2 63.8 0.248 0.1671 0.644 159.1 351.5 107.9 841.6 280.40 0.0583 12.1792 0.08408Ether(diethyl) C4H10O 74.14 466.7 36.4 0.263 0.28 0.281 155.4 307.6 98.5 365.4 381.99 0.0924 17.4493 0.13325Ethyl benzene 106.2 617.2 36.09 0.263 0.3738 0.304 178.2 409.4 86.5 338.1 774.88 0.1232 30.78 0.17773Ethyl chloride C2H5Cl 64.51 460.4 52.69 0.275 0.2 0.191 136.8 285.4 69.0 383.7 255.07 0.0629 11.7313 0.09081Ethylene C2H4 28.05 282.4 50.4 0.280 0.1304 0.089 104.0 169.4 119.5 483.1 78.58 0.0404 4.61427 0.05823Ethylene Glycol 62.07 645.1 75.3 0.268 0.191 1.136 260.2 469.1 187.3 845.7 414.79 0.0617 16.1162 0.08903Fluorine F2 38 144 56.8 0.314 0.0662 0.054 53.5 85.0 171.9 12.95 0.0183 1.06459 0.02635

Formulaem3/kmol

Page 6: lee kesler

Substance M Tc Pc zc vc w TMP TBP hsf hfg a , RK b , RK a , VW b , VWK bar K K kJ/kg kJ/kg (bar

m6K0.5)/kmol2

m3/kmol (bar m6)/kmol2

m3/kmol

Freon 114 C2Cl2F4 170.92 418.9 32.6 0.274 0.293 0.256 179.3 276.9 136.2 325.55 0.0926 15.6966 0.13354Freon 12 CCl2F2 120.91 385 41.2 0.279 0.217 0.176 115.4 243.4 34.3 165.2 208.60 0.0673 10.4913 0.09711Freon 13 CClF3 104.46 302 39.2 0.281 0.18 92.0 191.7 148.5 119.48 0.0555 6.78472 0.08006Freon 152a CHF2CH3 66.06 386.4 45.2 0.253 0.1795 0.275 191.87 0.0616 11.5033 0.09078Freon 21 CHCl2F 102.92 451.6 51.7 0.271 0.197 138.0 282.0 242.4 247.71 0.0629 7.98175 0.07705Freon 22 CHClF2 86.47 369.2 49.8 0.268 0.165 113.0 232.4 233.7 155.41 0.0534 16.5875 0.12938Freon123 CHCl2CF3 152.93 456.9 36.7 0.269 0.2781 0.282 359.29 0.0897 10.0574 0.09579Freon134a CF3CH2F 102.04 374.2 40.6 0.258 0.198 0.327 197.15 0.0664 14.8916 0.11022Freon141 CH3CCl2F 116.95 481.5 45.4 0.286 0.252 0.215 331.12 0.0764 11.551 0.10033Freon142b CH3CClF2 100.5 410.3 42.5 0.288 0.231 0.250 237.09 0.0695 9.63251 0.08884Glycol–1,2 Pro-pylene

C3H8O2 76.1 626 61 0.280 0.239 1.106 213.2 460.8 715.9 474.97 0.0739 18.7337 0.10665

Glycol–Ethylene C2H6O2 62.07 645.1 75.3 0.268 0.191 1.136 260.2 470.5 187.3 845.7 414.79 0.0617 16.1162 0.08903Helium He 4 5.2 2.27 0.301 0.0573 –0.365 1.8 4.3 125.0 20.8 0.08 0.0165 0.03474 0.02381Heptane–n C7H16 100.2 540.2 27.4 0.264 0.432 0.349 182 371.7 140.3 316.7 731.46 0.1420 31.0572 0.20489Hexadecane(cetane)

C16H34 226.4 720.6 14.19 0.220 0.93 0.747 291 559.8 235.7 232.0 2902.75 0.3658 106.711 0.52775

Hexane–n C6H14 86.18 507.4 29.7 0.260 0.37 0.299 178 341.0 151.8 337.9 577.00 0.1231 25.2783 0.17755HFC–125 CHF2CF3 120.03 339.2 35.95 0.302 225.1 174.18 0.0680 9.3329 0.09806HFC–32 CH2F2 52.03 351.6 58.3 0.276 222.2 117.49 0.0434 6.18348 0.06268Hydrogen H2 2.02 33.2 13 0.307 0.0651 –0.218 14.0 20.4 58.2 448.6 1.44 0.0184 0.24725 0.02654Hydrogen chlo-ride

HCl 36.47 324.6 83 0.249 0.081 0.132 159.0 188.1 54.7 443.2 67.58 0.0282 3.70188 0.04064

Hydrogen sul-fide

H2S 34.08 373.2 89.4 0.284 0.0985 187.7 213.7 69.7 554.3 88.94 0.0301 4.54307 0.04338

Iodine I2 253.8 785.15 117.5 386.5 457.5 434.25 0.0481 15.2937 0.06942Isobutane C4H10 58.12 408.1 36.5 0.283 0.2627 0.177 260.9 78.1 368.2 272.38 0.0805 13.3059 0.1162Isohexane C6H14 86.18 497.45 30.4 330.9 536.50 0.1179 23.738 0.17006Isooctane C8H18 114.2 543.9 25.6 0.265 0.468 165.8 372.4 79.2 271.6 796.37 0.1530 33.6978 0.2208Isopentane C5H12 72.15 460.4 33.8 0.270 0.306 0.227 300.9 397.63 0.0981 18.2876 0.14156Isopropanol C3H7OH 60.1 508.3 47.64 0.248 0.2201 0.669 184.7 355.4 90.0 663.4 361.31 0.0769 15.8151 0.11088Krypton Kr 83.8 209.4 55 0.292 0.0924 0.005 104.3 120.9 34.09 0.0274 2.32485 0.03957Mercury Hg 200.59 1733 1077 233.8 629.0 11.4 343.03 0.0116 8.13177 0.01672Methane CH4 16.04 190.6 46 0.288 0.0992 0.011 90.7 111.7 58.7 510.2 32.22 0.0298 2.30299 0.04306Methanol CH3OH 32.04 512.6 81 0.224 0.118 0.556 175.5 337.8 99.2 1101.0 217.03 0.0456 9.45967 0.06577

Formulaem3/kmol

Page 7: lee kesler

Substance M Tc Pc zc vc w TMP TBP hsf hfg a , RK b , RK a , VW b , VWK bar K K kJ/kg kJ/kg (bar

m6K0.5)/kmol2

m3/kmol (bar m6)/kmol2

m3/kmol

Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 50.49 416.3 66.8 0.268 0.1389 0.153 175.4 249.3 129.7 426.8 156.42 0.0449 7.56554 0.06477Methylene chlo-ride

CH2Cl2 84.93 416.3 66.8 0.372 0.193 0.192 178.1 313.0 54.2 329.8 156.42 0.0449 7.56554 0.06477

Naphthlene C10H8 128.2 748.4 40.5 0.267 0.41 353.5 491.1 44.7 337.8 1117.98 0.1331 40.3289 0.19204Neon Ne 20.18 44.4 27.6 0.312 0.0417 –0.029 24.5 27.0 16.0 91.3 1.41 0.0116 0.20829 0.01672Neopentane C5H12 72.17 433.8 32 0.269 0.303 0.197 253.2 282.6 361.93 0.0976 17.1488 0.14088Nitric Oxide NO 30.01 180 65 0.252 0.058 0.588 109.5 121.4 76.7 460.5 19.76 0.0199 1.45357 0.02878Nitrogen N2 28.02 126.2 33.9 0.289 0.0895 0.039 63.3 77.4 25.7 199.2 15.60 0.0268 1.37001 0.03869Nitrogen diox-ide

NO2 46.01 431.4 101.3 0.480 0.17 0.834 261.9 294.3 414.5 112.76 0.0307 5.35741 0.04426

Nirous oxide N2O 44.01 309.6 72.4 0.274 0.0974 0.165 182.3 184.7 148.7 376.2 68.84 0.0308 3.86071 0.04444Nonane C9H20 128.3 595 22.73 0.252 0.5477 0.437 219.7 423.7 120.6 293.8 1122.66 0.1886 45.4191 0.27204Octane–n C8H18 114.2 568.8 24.8 0.258 0.492 0.398 216.4 398.8 181.6 301.5 919.40 0.1652 38.0427 0.23836Octene C8H16 112.24 578.15 25.84 171.5 394.2 919.13 0.1612 37.723 0.23253Oxygen O2 32 154.6 50.5 0.288 0.0734 54.4 90.2 13.9 213.3 17.39 0.0221 1.38017 0.03182Ozone O3 48 261 53.7 0.220 0.0889 80.5 161.3 232.9 60.56 0.0350 3.69922 0.05051Pentane–n C5H12 72.15 469.6 33.7 0.262 0.304 0.251 143.4 309.0 1163.3 360.2 419.03 0.1004 19.0823 0.14482Propane C3H8 44.1 369.8 42.5 0.281 0.203 0.153 85.5 231.1 79.9 426.0 182.85 0.0627 9.38315 0.09043Propanol C3H7OH 60.1 536.7 51.7 0.253 0.2185 0.628 147.0 370.4 86.5 688.5 381.41 0.0748 16.2471 0.10789Propylene C3H6 42.08 365 46.2 0.276 0.181 0.148 87.9 225.4 71.4 437.8 162.80 0.0569 8.40906 0.08211Propyne C3H4 40.065 402.4 56.3 0.276 0.164 0.215 170.5 250 170.49 0.0515 8.38709 0.07428S o d i u m hy-droxide

NaOH 40 2815 253.3 0.216 0.2 1.015 596.0 1830.0 165.3 4904.56 0.0800 912.238 1.1549

Styrene C8H8 104.2 647.6 39.99 0.261 0.3518 0.234 242.5 418.3 105.1 351.4 788.63 0.1166 30.582 0.1683Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.06 430.8 78.8 0.268 0.122 0.256 290.0 263.2 115.5 385.4 144.45 0.0394 6.86798 0.05682Sulfur trioxide SO3 80.06 490.9 82.07 0.256 0.1271 0.422 290.0 317.9 24.6 502.5 192.24 0.0431 8.5626 0.06216Sulfuric acid H2SO4 98.08 925 40.66 0.159 0.3 197.0 610.0 109.2 510.9 1891.22 0.1639 61.3649 0.23643Toluene C7H8 92.14 591.7 41.1 0.264 0.3158 178.2 383.8 72.0 364.7 612.31 0.1037 24.8408 0.14962Water H2O 18.02 647.3 220.9 0.230 0.056 0.344 273.2 373.2 333.7 2258.3 142.60 0.0211 5.5312 0.03045Xenon Xe 131.3 289.7 58.4 0.288 0.1186 0.008 133.2 72.28 0.0357 4.19071 0.05155Xylene–p C8H10 106.2 616.3 35.11 0.260 0.3791 286.5 411.5 161.1 337.3 793.61 0.1264 31.5469 0.18242

Formulaem3/kmol

Page 8: lee kesler

TABLE 2: Triple Points of several substances (solid, liquid and vapor phase).

Substance T, K P, mm HgAcetylene 192.4 900Ammonia 195.40 45.57Argon 83.81 516.8Carbon 3900 75710Carbon dioxide 216.55 3885.1Carbon Monoxide 68.10 115.3Deuterium 18.63 128.0Ethane 89.89 0.006Ethylene 104.00 0.9Heavy water 272.04 4.528Helium none NoneHydrogen 13.84 52.8Hydrogen bromide 186.29 244Hydrogen chloride 158.96 104Hydrogen cyanide 259.91 140.4Hydrogen sulfide 187.66 173.9Krypton 115.6 53Mercury 234.28 2.3 x 10–6

Methane 90.68 87.7Neon 24.57 324Nitric oxide 109.50 164.4Nitrogen 63.18 94.3Nitrous oxide 182.34 658.9Oxygen 54.363 1.14Palladium 1825 0.0262Phosphorous 139.38 27.33Platinum 2045 1.5 X 10–4

Silicon tetrafluoride 182.9 1320Sulfur dioxide 197.69 1.256Sulfur hexafluoride 222.5 1700Titanium 1941 0.0397Uranium Hexafluoride 337.17 1137Water 273.16 4.587Xenon 161.3 611Zinc 692.65 0.487

Source: NBS (US) Cir. 500 (1952) and Kestin, J., A Course in Thermodynamics, HemispherePublishing Corporation, Washington, 1979.

Page 9: lee kesler

TABLE 3: Lennard–Jones ParametersIf data are not found, use the approximate formulae: ε/kB= 0.77 Tc, 1.15 TBP, 1.9 TMP, TBP

boiling point in K, TMP melting point in K. σ (nm) = 0.841 vc1/3 ( m3/kmol), 1.166 vb

1/3, 1.122

vm1/3. vc, vb , vm specific volumes – respectively, critical, boiling, and melting. The first set

is from viscosity data and the second from second virial coefficient data.

Species

Ar 0.039948 93.3 0.3542 119.8 0.3405 49.80Br 0.079916 236.6 0.3672 – – –Br2 0.159832 507.9 0.4296 – – –C12 0.070906 316.0 0.4217 – – –

C2H2 26.038 231.8 0.4033 – – –C2H4 28.054 224.7 0.4163 199.2 0.4523 116.7C2H6 30.07 230 0.4418 – – –C2N2 52.04 339 0.438 – – –C3H8 44.09 254 0.5061 – – –C4H10 58.12 313 0.5341 – – –C5H12 72.15 345 0.5769 – – –C6H14 86.17 413 0.5909 – – –C6H6 78.11 440 0.5270 – – –C8H18 114.22 320 0.7451 – – –CCl4 153.84 327 0.5881 – – –CH 13.009 68.6 0.3370 – – –

CH2Cl2 84.94 406 0.4759 – – –CH3Cl 50.49 855 0.3375 – – –CH4 16.043 148.6 0.3758 148.2 0.3817 70.16

CHCl3 119.39 327 0.543 – – –Cl 0.035453 130.8 0.3613 – – –CN 0.026018 75.0 0.3856 – – –CO 28.011 91.7 0.3690 100.2 0.3763 67.22CO2 44.010 195.2 0.3941 189.0 0.4486 113.9COS 60.08 335 0.413 – – –CS2 76.14 488 0.4438 – – –

C6H12

(cyclo)84.16 324 0.6093 – – –

F 0.018999 112.6 0.2986 – – –F2 0.037998 112.6 0.3357 – – –H 1.008 37.0 0.2708 – – –H2 2.016 59.7 0.2827 29.2 0.287 29.76

H2O 18.016 809.1 0.2641 – – –HBr 0.080924 449.0 0.3353 – – –HCI 0.036465 344.7 0.3339 – – –HCN 0.027026 569.1 0.3630 – – –He 0.004003 10.22 0.2551 10.22 0.2556 21.07HF 0.020006 330.0 0.3148 – – –I2 0.025382 550 0.4982 – – –N 14.007 71.4 0.3298 – – –N2 28.013 71.4 0.3798 95.05 0.3698 63.78

Molecular weight ε/kB, K σ, nm ε/kB, K σ, nm bo*, m3/kmol × 103

Air 28.964 78.6 0.3711 99.2 0.3522 55.11

Page 10: lee kesler

Species Molecular weight ε/kB, K σ, nm ε/kB, K σ, nm bo*, m3/kmol × 103

N2O 44.016 232.4 0.3828 189.0 0.459 122.0Ne 0.020179 32.8 0.2820 35.60 0.2749 26.21NH 15.015 65.3 0.3312 – – –

NH3 17.031 558.3 0.2900 – – –NO 30.008 116.7 0.3492 131.0 0.317 40.0O 16.000 106.7 0.3050 – – –O2 31.999 106.7 0.3467 117.5 0.358 57.75OH 17.008 79.8 0.3147 – – –SO2 0.06407 252 0.4290 – – –Xe 0.01313 229 0.4055 – – –

b0 = (2/3) πσ 3 Navag*×10–27 m3/kmol. It is suggested that the viscosity data be used exclusively

for transport coefficient calculations and that the second virial coefficient be used exclusivelyfor equation of state calculations.§ Data taken from R. A. Svehla, NASA Tech. Report R–132, Lewis Research Center, Cleve-land, Ohio (1962). Part of data and tables taken from J. 0. Hirshfelder, C. F. Curtis, and R. B.Bird. Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York (1954). (With permission.)

Page 11: lee kesler

TABLE 4A: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): temperature table

5 0.0008721 0.001000 147.12 20.97 2361.3 2382.3 20.98 2489.6 2510.6 0.0761 8.9496 9.0257

10 0.0012276 0.001000 106.38 42.00 2347.2 2389.2 42.01 2477.7 2519.8 0.1510 8.7498 8.9008

15 0.0017051 0.001001 77.93 62.99 2333.1 2396.1 62.99 2465.9 2528.9 0.2245 8.5569 8.7814

20 0.002339 0.001002 57.79 83.95 2319.0 2402.9 83.96 2454.1 2538.1 0.2966 8.3706 8.6672

25 0.003169 0.001003 43.36 104.88 2304.9 2409.8 104.89 2442.3 2547.2 0.3674 8.1905 8.5580

30 0.004246 0.001004 32.89 125.78 2290.8 2416.6 125.79 2430.5 2556.3 0.4369 8.0164 8.4533

35 0.005628 0.001006 25.22 146.67 2276.7 2423.4 146.68 2418.6 2565.3 0.5053 7.8478 8.3531

40 0.007384 0.001008 19.52 167.56 2262.6 2430.1 167.57 2406.7 2574.3 0.5725 7.6845 8.2570

45 0.009593 0.001010 15.26 188.44 2248.4 2436.8 188.45 2394.8 2583.2 0.6387 7.5261 8.1648

50 0.012349 0.001012 12.03 209.32 2234.2 2443.5 209.33 2382.7 2592.1 0.7038 7.3725 8.0763

55 0.015758 0.001015 9.568 230.21 2219.9 2450.1 230.23 2370.7 2600.9 0.7679 7.2234 7.9913

60 0.019940 0.001017 7.671 251.11 2205.5 2456.6 251.13 2358.5 2609.6 0.8312 7.0784 7.9096

65 0.02503 0.001020 6.197 272.02 2191.1 2463.1 272.06 2346.2 2618.3 0.8935 6.9375 7.8310

70 0.03119 0.001023 5.042 292.95 2176.6 2469.6 292.98 2333.8 2626.8 0.9549 6.8004 7.7553

75 0.03858 0.001026 4.131 313.90 2162.0 2475.9 313.93 2321.4 2635.3 1.0155 6.6669 7.6824

80 0.04739 0.001029 3.407 334.86 2147.4 2482.2 334.91 2308.8 2643.7 1.0753 6.5369 7.6122

85 0.05783 0.001033 2.828 355.84 2132.6 2488.4 355.90 2296.0 2651.9 1.1343 6.4102 7.5445

90 0.07014 0.001036 2.361 376.85 2117.7 2494.5 376.92 2283.2 2660.1 1.1925 6.2866 7.4791

95 0.08455 0.001040 1.982 397.88 2102.7 2500.6 397.96 2270.2 2668.1 1.2500 6.1659 7.4159

100 0.10135 0.001044 1.6729 418.94 2087.6 2506.5 419.04 2257.0 2676.1 1.3069 6.0480 7.3549

105 0.12082 0.001048 1.4194 440.02 2072.3 2512.4 440.15 2243.7 2683.8 1.3630 5.9328 7.2958

110 0.14327 0.001052 1.2102 461.14 2057.0 2518.1 461.30 2230.2 2691.5 1.4185 5.8202 7.2387

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Temp Sat. press. Sat. liq-uid

Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

T,ºC Psat, MPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

0.01 0.0006113 0.001000 206.14 0.0 2375.3 2375.3 0.01 2501.3 2501.4 0.000 9.1562 9.1562

Page 12: lee kesler

Sat. press.

120 0.19853 0.001060 0.8919 503.50 2025.8 2529.3 503.71 2202.6 2706.3 1.5276 5.6020 7.1296

125 0.2321 0.001065 0.7706 524.74 2009.9 2534.6 524.99 2188.5 2713.5 1.5813 5.4962 7.0775

130 0.2701 0.001070 0.6685 546.02 1993.9 2539.9 546.31 2174.2 2720.5 1.6344 5.3925 7.0269

135 0.3130 0.001075 0.5822 567.35 1977.7 2545.0 567.69 2159.6 2727.3 1.6870 5.2907 6.9777

140 0.3613 0.001080 0.5089 588.74 1961.3 2550.0 589.13 2144.7 2733.9 1.7391 5.1908 6.9299

145 0.4154 0.001085 0.4463 610.18 1944.7 2554.9 610.63 2129.6 2740.3 1.7907 5.0926 6.8833

150 0.4758 0.001091 0.3928 631.68 1927.9 2559.5 632.20 2114.3 2746.5 1.8418 4.9960 6.8379

155 0.5431 0.001096 0.3468 653.24 1910.8 2564.1 653.84 2098.6 2752.4 1.8925 4.9010 6.7935

160 0.6178 0.001102 0.3071 674.87 1893.5 2568.4 675.55 2082.6 2758.1 1.9427 4.8075 6.7502

165 0.7005 0.001108 0.2727 696.56 1876.0 2572.5 697.34 2066.2 2763.5 1.9925 4.7153 6.7078

170 0.7917 0.001114 0.2428 718.33 1858.1 2576.5 719.21 2049.5 2768.7 2.0419 4.6244 6.6663

175 0.8920 0.001121 0.2168 740.17 1840.0 2580.2 741.17 2032.4 2773.6 2.0909 4.5347 6.6256

180 1.0021 0.001127 0.19405 762.09 1821.6 2583.7 763.22 2015.0 2778.2 2.1396 4.4461 6.5857

185 1.1227 0.001134 0.17409 784.10 1802.9 2587.0 785.37 1997.1 2782.4 2.1879 4.3586 6.5465

190 1.2544 0.001141 0.15654 806.19 1783.8 2590.0 807.62 1978.8 2786.4 2.2359 4.2720 6.5079

195 1.3978 0.001149 0.14105 828.37 1764.4 2592.8 829.98 1960.0 2790.0 2.2835 4.1863 6.4698

200 1.5538 0.001157 0.12736 850.65 1744.7 2595.3 852.45 1940.7 2793.2 2.3309 4.1014 6.432

205 1.7230 0.001164 0.11521 873.04 1724.5 2597.5 875.04 1921.0 2796.0 2.3780 4.0172 6.3952

210 1.9062 0.001173 0.10441 895.53 1703.9 2599.5 897.76 1900.7 2798.5 2.4248 3.9337 6.3585

215 2.104 0.001181 0.09479 918.14 1682.9 2601.1 920.62 1879.9 2800.5 2.4714 3.8507 6.3221

220 2.318 0.001190 0.08619 940.87 1661.5 2602.4 943.62 1858.5 2802.1 2.5178 3.7683 6.2861

225 2.548 0.001199 0.07849 963.73 1639.6 2603.3 966.78 1836.5 2803.3 2.5639 3.6863 6.2503

230 2.795 0.001209 0.07158 986.74 1617.2 2603.9 990.12 1813.8 2804.0 2.6099 3.6047 6.2146

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Temp Sat. liq-uid

Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

T,ºC Psat, MPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

115 0.16906 0.001056 1.0366 482.30 2041.4 2523.7 482.48 2216.5 2699.0 1.4734 5.7100 7.1833

Page 13: lee kesler

ufg ug sfg

240 3.344 0.001229 0.05976 1033.21 1570.8 2604.0 1037.32 1766.5 2803.8 2.7015 3.4422 6.1437

245 3.648 0.001240 0.05471 1056.71 1546.7 2603.4 1061.23 1741.7 2803.0 2.7472 3.3612 6.1083

250 3.973 0.001251 0.05013 1080.39 1522.0 2602.4 1085.36 1716.2 2801.5 2.7927 3.2802 6.0730

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Temp Sat. press. Sat. liq-uid

Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

T,ºC Psat, MPa vf vg uf hf hfg hg sf sg

235 3.060 0.001219 0.06537 1009.89 1594.2 2604.1 1013.62 1790.5 2804.2 2.6558 3.5233 6.1791

Page 14: lee kesler

TABLE4A: Saturated water – temperature table (continued)

ug

260 4.688 0.001276 0.04221 1128.39 1470.6 2599.0 1134.37 1662.5 2796.9 2.8838 3.1181 6.0019

265 5.081 0.001289 0.03877 1152.74 1443.9 2596.6 1159.28 1634.4 2793.6 2.9294 3.0368 5.9662

270 5.499 0.001302 0.03564 1177.36 1416.3 2593.7 1184.51 1605.2 2789.7 2.9751 2.9551 5.9301

275 5.942 0.001317 0.03279 1202.25 1387.9 2590.2 1210.07 1574.9 2785.0 3.0208 2.8730 5.8938

280 6.412 0.001332 0.03017 1227.46 1358.7 2586.1 1235.99 1543.6 2779.6 3.0668 2.7903 5.8571

285 6.909 0.001348 0.02777 1253.00 1328.4 2581.4 1262.31 1511.0 2773.3 3.1130 2.7070 5.8199

290 7.436 0.001366 0.02557 1278.92 1297.1 2576.0 1289.07 1477.1 2766.2 3.1594 2.6227 5.7821

295 7.993 0.001384 0.02354 1305.2 1264.7 2569.9 1316.3 1441.8 2758.1 3.2062 2.5375 5.7437

300 8.581 0.001404 0.02167 1332.0. 1231.0 2563.0 1344.0 1404.9 2749.0 3.2534 2.4511 5.7045

305 9.202 0.001425 0.019948 1359.3 1195.9 2555.2 1372.4 1366.4 2738.7 3.3010 2.3633 5.6643

310 9.856 0.001447 0.018350 1387.1 1159.4 2546.4 1401.3 1326.0 2727.3 3.3493 2.2737 5.6230

315 10.547 0.001472 0.016867 1415.5 1121.1 2536.6 1431.0 1283.5 2714.5 3.3982 2.1821 5.5804

320 11.274 0.001499 0.015488 1444.6 1080.9 2525.5 1461.5 1238.6 2700.1 3.4480 2.0882 5.5362

330 12.845 0.001561 0.012996 1505.3 993.7 2498.9 1525.3 1140.6 2665.9 3.5507 1.8909 5.4417

340 14.586 0.001638 0.010797 1570.3 894.3 2464.6 1594.2 1027.9 2622.0 3.6594 1.6763 5.3357

350 16.513 0.001740 0.008813 1641.9 776.6 2418.4 1670.6 893.4 2563.9 3.7777 1.4335 5.2112

360 18.651 0.001893 0.006945 1725.2 626.3 2351.5 1760.5 720.3 2481.0 3.9147 1.1379 5.0526

370 21.03 0.002213 0.004925 1844.0 384.5 2228.5 1890.5 441.6 2332.1 4.1106 0.6865 4.7971

374.14 22.09 0.003155 0.003155 2029.6 0 2029.6 2099.3 0 2099.3 4.4298 0 4.4298

Tables A–4A to A–4 C adapted from G. J. Wylen, and R. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermdynamics, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons,1986; originally published in J. H. Keenan and F. G. Keyes, P. G. Hill and J. G. Moore, Steam Tables, John Wiley & Sons, 1978.

TºC Psat, MPa vf vg uf ufg hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

255 4.319 0.001263 0.04598 1104.28 1596.7 2600.9 1109.73 1689.8 2799.5 2.8383 3.1992 6.0375

Page 15: lee kesler

TABLE 4B: Properties of saturated water (liquid–vapor): pressure table

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Press. Sat.Temp.

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat. liq-uid

Evap. Sat. va-por

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat. va-por

P, MPa T,ºC vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

0.00061 0.01 0.001000 206.14 0.00 2375.3 2375.3 0.01 2501.3 2501.4 0.0000 9.1562 9.15620.0010 6.98 0.001000 129.21 29.30 2355.7 2385.0 29.30 2484.9 2514.2 0.1059 8.8697 8.97560.0015 13.03 0.001001 87.98 54.71 2338.6 2393.3 54.71 2470.6 2525.3 0,1957 8.6322 8.82790.0020 17.50 0.001001 67.00 73.48 2326.0 2399.5 73.48 2460.0 2533.5 0.2607 8.4629 8.72370.0025 21.08 0.001002 54.25 88.48 2315.9 2404.4 88.49 2451.6 2540.0 0.3120 8.3311 8.64320.0030 24.08 0.001003 45.67 101.04 2307.5 2408.5 101.05 2444.5 2545.5 0.3545 8.2231 8.57760.0040 28.96 0.001004 34.80 121.45 2293.7 2415.2 121.46 2432.9 2554.4 0.4226 8.0520 8.47460.0050 32.88 0.001005 28.19 137.81 2282.7 2420.5 137.82 2423.7 2561.5 0.4764 7.9187 8.39510.0075 40.29 0.001008 19.24 168.78 2261.7 2430.5 168.79 2406.0 2574.8 0.5764 7.6750 8.2515

0.010 45.84 0.001010 14.67 191.82 2246.1 2437.9 191.83 2392.8 2584.7 0.6493 7.5009 8.15020.015 53.97 0.001014 10.02 225.92 2222.8 2448.7 225.94 2373.1 2599.1 0.7549 7.2536 8.00850.020 60.06 0.001017 7.649 251.38 2205.4 2456.7 251.40 2358.3 2609.7 0.8320 7.0766 7.90850.025 64.97 0.001020 6.204 271.90 2191.2 2463.1 271.93 2346.3 2618.2 0.8931 6.9383 7.83140.030 69.10 0.001022 5.229 289.20 2179.2 2468.4 289.23 2336.1 2625.3 0.9439 6.8247 7.76860.040 75.87 0.001027 3.993 317.53 2159.5 2477.0 317.58 2319.2 2636.8 1.0259 6.6441 7.67000.050 81.33 0.001030 3.240 340.44 2143.4 2483.9 340.49 2305.4 2645.9 1.0910 6.5029 7.59390.075 91.78 0.001037 2.217 384.31 2112.4 2496.7 384.39 2278.6 2663.0 1.2130 6.2434 7,45640.100 99.63 0.001043 1.6940 417.36 2088.7 2506.1 417.46 2258.0 2675.5 1.3026 6.0568 7.35940.125 105.99 0.001048 1.3749 444.19 2069.3 2513.5 444.32 2241.0 2685.4 1.3740 5.9104 7.28440.150 111.37 0.001053 1.1593 466.94 2052.7 2519.7 467.11 2226.5 2693.6 1.4336 5.7897 7.22330.175 116.06 0.001057 1.0036 486.80 2038.1 2524.9 486.99 2213.6 2700.6 1.4849 5.6868 7.17170.200 120.23 0.001061 0.8857 504.49 2025.0 2529.5 504.70 2201.9 2706.7 1.5301 5.5970 7.12710.225 124.00 0.001064 0.7933 520.47 2013.1 2533.6 520.72 2191.3 2712.1 1.5706 5.5173 7.08780.250 127.44 0.001067 0.7187 535.10 2002.1 2537.2 535.37 2181.5 2716.9 1.6072 5.4455 7.05270.275 130.60 0.001070 0.6573 548.59 1991.9 2540.5 548.89 2172.4 2721.3 1.6408 5.3801 7.02090.300 133.55 0.001073 0.6058 561.15 1982.4 2543.6 561.47 2163.8 2725.3 1.6718 5.3201 6.99190.325 136.30 0.001076 0.5620 572.90 1973.5 2546.4 573.25 2155.8 2729.0 1.7006 5.2646 6.9652

Page 16: lee kesler

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Press. Sat.Temp.

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat. liq-uid

Evap. Sat. va-por

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat. va-por

P, MPa T,ºC vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

0.350 138.88 0.001079 0.5243 583.95 1965.0 2548.9 584.33 2148.1 2732.4 1.7275 5.2130 6.94050.375 141.32 0.001081 0.4914 594.40 1956.9 2551.3 594.81 2140.8 2735.6 1.7528 5.1647 6.91750.40 143.63 0.001084 0.4625 604.31 1949.3 2553.6 604.74 2133.8 2738.6 1.7766 5.1193 6.89590.45 147.93 0.001088 0.4140 622.77 1934.9 2557.6 623.25 2120.7 2743.9 1.8207 5.0359 6.85650.50 151.86 0.001093 0.3749 639.68 1921.6 2561.2 640.23 2108.5 2748.7 1.8607 4.9606 6.82130.55 155.48 0.001097 0.3427 655.32 1909.2 2564.5 665.93 2097.0 2753.0 1.8973 4.8920 6.78930.60 158.85 0.001101 0.3157 669.90 1897.5 2567.4 670.56 2086.3 2756.8 1.9312 4.8288 6.76000.65 162.01 0.001104 0.2927 683.56 1886.5 2570.1 684.28 2076.0 2760.3 1.9627 4.7703 6.73310.70 164.97 0.001108 0.2729 696.44 1876.1 2572.5 697.22 2066.3 2763.5 1.9922 4.7158 6.70800.75 167.78 0.001112 0.2556 708.64 1866.1 2574.7 709.47 2057.0 2766.4 2.0200 4.6647 6.68470.80 170.43 0.001115 0.2404 720.22 1856.6 2576.8 721.11 2048.0 2769.1 2.0462 4.6166 6.66280.85 172.96 0.001118 0.2270 731.27 1847.4 2578.7 732.22 2039.4 2771.6 2.0710 4.5711 6.64210.90 175.38 0.001121 0.2150 741.83 1838.6 2580.5 742.83 2031.1 2773.9 2.0946 4.5280 6.62260.95 177.69 0.001124 0.2402 751.95 1830.2 2582.1 753.02 2023.1 2776.1 2.1172 4.4869 6.60411.00 179.91 0.001127 0.19444 761.68 1822.0 2583.6 762.81 2015.3 2778.1 2.1387 4.4478 6.58651.10 184.09 0.001133 0.17753 780.09 1806.3 2586.4 781.34 2000.4 2871.7 2.1792 4.3744 6.55361.20 187.99 0.001139 0.16333 797.29 1791.5 2588.8 798.65 1986.2 2784.8 2.2166 4.3067 6.52331.30 191.64 0.001144 0.15125 813.44 1777.5 2591.0 814.93 1972.7 2787.6 2.2515 4.2438 6.4953

Page 17: lee kesler

TABLE 4C: Properties of superheated water vapor

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 0.01 MPa (45.81ºC) P = 0.05 MPa (81.33ºC) P = 0. 10 MPa (99.63ºC)Sat. 14.674 2437.9 2584.7 8.1502 3.240 2483.9 2645.9 7.5939 1.6940 2506.1 2675.5 7.3594

50 14.869 2443.9 2592.6 8.1749100 17.196 2515.5 2687.5 8.4479 3.418 2511.6 2682.5 7.6947 1.6958 2506.7 2676.2 7.3614150 19.512 2587.9 2783.0 8.6882 3.889 2585.6 2780.1 7.9401 1.9364 2582.8 2776.4 7.6134200 21.825 2661.3 2879.5 8.9038 4.356 2659.9 2877.7 8.1580 2.172 2658.1 2875.3 7.8343250 24.136 2736.0 2977.3 9.1002 4.820 2735.0 2976.0 8.3556 2.406 2 3. 7 2974.3 8.0333300 26.445 2812.1 3076.5 9,2813 5.284 2811.3 3075.5 8.5373 2.639 2810.4 3074.3 8.2158400 31.063 2968.9 3279.6 9.6077 6.209 2968.5 3278.9 8.8642 3.103 2967.9 3278.2 8.5435500 35.679 3132.3 3489.1 9.8978 7.134 3132.0 3488.7 9.1546 3.565 3131.6 3488.1 8.8342600 40.295 3302.5 3705.4 10.1608 8.057 3302.2 3705.1 9.4178 4.028 3301.9 3704.4 9.0976700 44.911 3479.6 3928.7 10.4028 8.981 3479.4 3928.5 9.6599 4.490 3479.2 3928.2 9.3398800 49.526 3663.8 4159.0 10.6281 9.904 3663.6 4158.9 9.8852 4.952 3663.5 4158.6 9.5652900 54.141 3855.0 4396.4 10.8396 10.828 3854.9 4396.3 10.0967 5.414 3854.8 4396.1 9.7767

1000 58.757 4053.0 4640.6 11.0393 11.751 4052.9 4640.5 10.2964 5.875 4052.8 4640.3 9.97641100 63.372 4257.5 4891.2 11.2287 12.674 4257.4 4891.1 10.4859 6.337 4257.3 4891.0 10.16591200 67.987 4467.9 5147.8 11.4091 13.597 4467.8 5147.7 10.6662 6.799 4467.7 5147.6 10.34631300 72.602 4683.7 5409.7 11.5811 14.521 4683.6 5409.6 10.8382 7.260 4683.5 5409.5 10.5183

P =0.20 MPa (120.23ºC) P = 0.30 MPa (133.55ºC) P = 0.40 MPa (143.63ºC)Sat. 0.8857 2529.5 2706.7 7.1272 0.6058 2543.6 2725.3 6.9919 0.4625 2553.6 2738.6 6.8959150 0.9596 2576.9 2768.8 7.2795 0.6339 2570.8 2761.0 7.0778 0.4708 2564.5 2752.8 6.9299200 1.0803 2654.4 2870.5 7.5066 0.7163 2650.7 2865.6 7.3115 0.5342 2646.8 2860.5 7.1706250 1.1988 2731.2 2971.0 7.7086 0.7964 2728.7 2967.6 7.5166 0.5951 2726.1 2964.2 7.3789300 1.3162 2808.6 3071.8 7.8926 0.8753 2806.7 3069.3 7.7022 0.6548 2804.8 3066.8 7.5662400 1.5493 2966.7 3276.6 8.2218 1.0315 2965.6 3275.0 8.0330 0.7726 2964.4 3273.4 7.8985500 1.7814 3130.8 3487.1 8.5133 1.1867 3130.0 3486.0 8.3251 0.8893 3129.2 3484.9 8.1913600 2.013 3301.4 3704.0 8.7770 1.3414 3300.8 3703.2 8.5892 1.0055 3300.2 3702.4 8.4558700 2.244 3478.8 3927.6 9.0194 1.4957 3478.4 3927.1 8.8319 1.1215 3477.9 3926.5 8.6987800 2.475 3663.1 4158.2 9.2449 1.6499 3662.9 4157.8 9.0576 1.2372 3662.4 4157.3 8.9244

Page 18: lee kesler

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

900 2.705 3854.5 4395.8 9.4566 1.8041 3854.2 4395.4 9.2692 1.3529 3853.9 4395.1 9.13621000 2.937 4052.5 4640.0 9.6563 1.9581 4052.3 4639.7 9.4690 1.4685 4052.0 4639.4 9.33601100 3.168 4257.0 4890.7 9.8458 2.1121 4256.8 4890.4 9.6585 1.5840 4256.5 4890.2 9.52561200 3.399 4467.5 5147.5 10.0262 2.2661 4467.2 5147.1 9.8389 1.6996 4467.0 5146.8 9.70601300 3.630 4683.2 5409.3 10.1982 2.4201 4683.0 5409.0 10.0110 1.8151 4682.8 5408.8 9.8780

P =0.50 MPa (151.86ºC) P =0.60 MPa (158.85ºC) P = 0.80 MPa (170.43ºC)Sat. 0.3749 2561.2 2748.7 6.8213 0.3157 2567.4 2756.8 6,7600 0.2404 2576.8 2769.1 6.6628200 0.4249 2642.9 2855.4 7.0592 0.3520 2638.9 2850.1 6.9665 0.2608 2630.6 2839.3 6.8158250 0.4744 2723.5 2960.7 7.2709 0:3938 2720.9 2957.2 7.1816 0.2931 2715.5 2950.0 7.0384300 0.5226 2802.9 3064.2 7.4599 0.4344 2801.0 3061.6 7.3724 0.3241 2797.2 3056.5 7.2328350 0.5701 2882.6 3167.7 7.6329 0.4742 2881.2 3165.7 7.5464 0.3544 2878.2 3161.7 7.4089400 0.6173 2963.2 3271.9 7.7938 0.5137 2962.1 3270.3 7.7079 0.3843 2959.7 3267.1 7.5716500 0.7109 3128.4 3483.9 8.0873 0.5920 3127.6 3482.8 8.0021 0.4433 3126.0 3480.6 7.8673600 0.8041 3299.6 3701.7 7.3522 0.6697 3299.1 3700.9 8.2674 0.5018 3297.9 3699.4 8.1333700 0.8969 3477.5 3925.9 8.5952 0.7472 3477.0 3925.3 8.5107 0.5601 3476.2 3924.2 8.3770800 0.9896 3662.1 4156.9 8.8211 0.8245 3661.8 4156.5 8.7367 0.6181 3661.1 4155.6 8.6033900 1.0822 3853.6 4394.7 9.0329 0.9017 3853.4 4394.4 8.9486 0.6761 3852.8 4393.7 8.8153

1000 1.1747 4051.8 4639.1 9.2328 0.9788 4051.5 4638.8 9.1485 0.7340 4051.0 4638.2 9.01531100 1.2672 4256.3 4889.9 9.4224 1.0559 4256.1 4889.6 9.3381 0.7919 4255.6 4889.1 9.20501200 1.3596 4466.8 5146.6 9.6029 1.1330 4466.5 5146.3 9.5185 0.8497 4466.1 5145.9 9.38551300 1.4521 4682.5 5408.6 9.7749 1.2101 4682.3 5408.3 9.6906 0.9076 4681.8 5407.9 9.5575

Page 19: lee kesler

TABLE 4C: Properties of superheated water vapor (continued)

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 1 MPa (179.91ºC) P = 1.2 MPa (187.99ºC) P = 1.4 MPa (195.07ºC)Sat. 0.19444 2583.6 2778.1 6.5865 0.16333 2588.8 2784.8 6.5233 0.14084 2592.8 2790.0 6.4693200 0.2060 2621.9 2827.9 6.6940 0.16930 2612.8 2815.9 6.5898 0.14302 2603.1 2803.3 6.4975250 0.2327 2709.9 2942.6 6.9247 0.19234 2704.2 2935.0 6.8294 0.16350 2698.3 2927.2 6.7467300 0.2579 2793.2 3051.2 7.1229 0.2138 2789.2 3045.8 7.0317 0.18228 2785.2 3040.4 6.9534350 0.2825 2875.2 3157.7 7.3011 0.2345 2872.2 3153.6 7.2121 0.2003 2869.2 3149.5 7.1360400 0.3066 2957.3 3263.9 7.4651 0.2548 2954.9 3260.7 7.3774 0.2178 2952.5 3257.5 7.3026500 0.3541 3124.4 3478.5 7.7622 0.2946 3122.8 3476.3 7.6759 0.2521 3121.1 3474.1 7.6027600 0.4011 3296.8 3697.9 8.0290 0.3339 3295.6 3696.3 7.9435 0.2860 3294.4 3694.8 7.8710700 0.4478 3475.3 3923.1 8.2731 0.3729 3474.4 3922.0 8.1881 0.3195 3473.6 3920.8 8.1160800 0.4943 3660.4 4154.7 8.4996 0.4118 3659.7 4153.8 8.4148 0.3528 3659.0 4153.0 8.3431900 0,5407 3852.2 4392.9 8.7118 0.4505 3851.6 4392.2 8.6272 0.3861 3851.1 4391.5 8.5556

1000 0.5871 4050.5 4637.6 8.9119 0.4892 4050.0 4637.0 8.8274 0.4192 4049.5 4636.4 8.75591100 0.6335 4255.1 4888.6 9.1017 0.5278 4254.6 4888.0 9.0172 0.4524 4254.1 4887.5 8.94571200 0.6798 4465.6 5145.4 9.2822 0.5665 4465.1 5144.9 9.1977 0,4855 4464.7 5144.4 9.12621300 0.7261 4681.3 5407.4 9.4543 0.6051 4680.9 5407.0 9.3698 0.5186 4680.4 5406.5 9.2984

P = 1.6 MPa (201.41ºC) P = 1.8 MPa (207.15ºC) P = 2.0 MPa (212.42ºC)Sat. 0.12380 2596.0 2794.0 6.4218 0.11042 2598.4 2797.1 6.3794 0.09963 2600.3 2799.5 6.3409225 0.13287 2644.7 2857.3 6.5518 0.11673 2636.6 2846.7 6.4808 0.10377 2628.3 2835.8 6.4147250 0.14184 2692.3 2919.2 6.6732 0.12497 2686.0 2911.0 6.6066 0.11144 2679.6 2902.5 6.5453300 0.15862 2781.1 3034.8 6.8844 0.14021 2776.9 3029.2 6.8226 0.12547 2772.6 3023.5 6.7664350 0.17456 2866.1 3145.4 7.0694 0.15457 2863.0 3141.2 7.0100 0.13857 2859.8 3137.0 6.9563400 0.19005 2950.1 3254.2 7.2374 0.16847 2947.7 3250.9 7.1794 0.15120 2945.2 3247.6 7.1271500 0.2203 3119.5 3472.0 7.5390 0.19550 3117.9 3469.8 7.4825 0.17568 3116.2 3467.6 7.4317600 0.2500 3293.3 3693.2 7.8080 0.2220 3292.1 3691.7 7.7523 0.19960 3290.9 3690.1 7.7024700 0.2794 3472.7 3919.7 8.0535 0.2482 3471.8 3918.5 7.9983 0.2232 3470.9 3917.4 7.9487800 0.3086 3658.3 4152.1 8.2808 0.2742 3657.6 4151.2 8.2258 0.2467 3657.0 4150.3 8.1765900 0.3377 3850.5 4390.8 8.4935 0.3001 3849.9 4390.1 8.4386 0.2700 3849.3 4389.4 8.3895

1000 0.3668 4049.0 4635.8 8.6938 0.3260 4048.5 4635.2 8.6391 0.2933 4048.0 4634.6 8.5901

Page 20: lee kesler

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

1100 0.3958 4253.7 4887.0 8.8837 0.3518 4253.2 4886.4 8.8290 0.3166 4252.7 4885.9 8.78001200 0.4248 4464.2 5143.9 9.0643 0.3776 4463.7 5143.4 9.0096 0.3398 4463.3 5142.9 8.96071300 0.4538 4679.9 5406.0 9.2364 0.4034 4679.5 5405.6 9.1818 0.3631 4679.0 5405.1 9.1329

P = 2.5 MPa (223.99ºC) P = 3.0 MPa (233.90ºC) P = 3.5 MPa (242.60ºC)Sat. 0.07998 2603.1 2803.1 6.2575 0.06668 2604.1 2804.2 6.1869 0.05707 2603.7 2803.4 6.1253225 0.08027 2605.6 2806.3 6.2639250 0.08700 2662.6 2880.1 6.4085 0.07058 2644.0 2855.8 6.2872 0.05872 2623.7 2829.2 6.1749300 0.09890 2761.6 3008.8 6.6438 0.08114 2750.1 2993.5 6.5390 0.06842 2738.0 2977.5 6.4461350 0.10976 2851.9 3126.3 6.8403 0.09053 2843.7 3115.3 6.7428 0.07678 2835.3 3104.0 6.6579400 0.12010 2939.1 3239.3 7.0148 0.09936 2932.8 3230.9 6.9212 0.08453 2926A 3222.3 6.8405450 0.13014 3025.5 3350.8 7.1746 0.10787 3020.4 3344.0 7.0834 0.09196 3015.3 3337.2 7.0052500 0.13993 3112.1 3462.1 7.3234 0.11619 3108.0 3456.5 7.2338 0.09918 3103.0 3450.9 7.1572600 0.15930 3288.0 3686.3 7.5960 0.13243 3285.0 3682.3 7.5085 0.11324 3282.1 3678.4 7.4339700 0.17832 3468.7 3914.5 7.8435 0.14838 3466.5 3911.7 7.7571 0.12699 3464.3 3908.8 7.6837800 0.19716 3655.3 4148.2 8.0720 0.16414 3653.5 4145.9 7.9862 0.14056 3651.8 4143.7 7.9134900 0.21590 3847.9 4387.6 8.2853 0.17980 3846.5 4385.9 8.1999 0.15402 3845.0 4384.1 8.1276

1000 0.2346 4046.7 4633.1 8.4861 0.19541 4045.4 4631.6 8.4009 0.16743 4044.1 4630.1 8.32881100 0.2532 4251.5 4884.6 8.6762 0.21098 4250.3 4883.3 8.5912 0.18080 4249.2 4881.9 8.51921200 0.2718 4462.1 5141.7 8.8569 0.22652 4460.9 5140.5 8.7720 0.19415 4459.8 5139.3 8.70001300 0.2905 4677.8 5404.0 9.0291 0.24206 4676.6 5402.8 8.9442 0.20749 4675.5 5401.7 8.8723

Page 21: lee kesler

TABLE 4C: Properties of superheated water vapor (continued)

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 4 MPa (250.40ºC) P = 4.5 MPa (257.49ºC) P = 5.0 MPa (263.99ºC)Sat. 0.04978 2602.3 2801.4 6.0701 0.04406 2600.1 2798.3 6.0198 0.03944 2597.1 2794.3 5.9734275 0.05457 2667.9 2886.2 6.2285 0.04730 2650.3 2863.2 6.1401 0.04141 2631.3 2838.3 6.0544300 0.05884 2725.3 2960.7 6.3615 0.05135 2712.0 2643.1 6.2828 0.04532 2698.0 2924.5 6.2084350 0.06645 2826.7 3092.5 6.5821 0.05840 2817.8 3080.6 6.5131 0.05194 2808.7 3068.4 6.4493400 0.07341 2919.9 3213.6 6.7690 0.06475 2913.3 3204.7 6.7047 0.05781 2906.6 3195.7 6.6459450 0.08002 3010.2 3330.3 6.9363 0.07074 3005.0 3323.3 6.8746 0.06330 2999.7 3316.2 6.8186500 0.08643 3099.5 3445.3 7.0901 0.07651 3095.3 3439.6 7.0301 0.06857 3091.0 3433.8 6.9759600 0,09885 3279.1 3674.4 7.3688 0.08765 3276.0 3670.5 7.3110 0.07869 3273.0 3666.5 7.2589700 0.11095 3462.1 3905.9 7.6198 0.09847 3459.9 3903.0 7.5631 0.08849 3457.6 3900.1 7.5122800 0.12287 3650.0 4141.5 7.8502 0.10911 3648.3 4139.3 7.7942 0.09811 3646.6 4137.1 7.7440900 0.13469 3843.6 4382.3 8.0647 0.11965 3842.2 4380.6 8.0091 0.10762 3840.7 4378.8 7.9593

1000 0.14645 4042.9 4628.7 8.2662 0.13013 4041.6 4627.2 8.2108 0.11707 4040.4 4625.7 8.16121100 0.15817 4248.0 4880.6 8.4567 0.14056 4246.8 4879.3 8.4015 0.12648 4245.6 4878.0 8.35201200 0.16987 4458.6 5138.1 8.6376 0.15098 4457.5 5136.9 8.5825 0.13587 4456.3 5135.7 8.53311300 0.18156 4674.3 5400.5 8.8100 0.16139 4673.1 5399.4 8.7549 0.14526 4672.0 5398.2 8.7055

P = 6 MPa (275.64ºC) P = 7 MPa (285.88ºC) P = 8 MPa (295.06ºC)Sat. 0.03244 2589.7 2784.3 5.8892 0.02737 2580.5 2772.1 5.8133 0.02352 2569.8 2758.0 5.7432300 0.03616 2667.2 2884.2 6.0674 0.02947 2632.2 2838.4 5.9305 0.02426 2590.9 2785.0 5.7906350 0.04223 2789.6 3043.0 6.3335 0.03524 2769.4 3016.0 6.2283 0.02995 2747.7 2987.3 6.1301400 0.04739 2892.9 3177.2 6.5408 0.03993 2878.6 3158.1 6.4478 0.03432 2863.8 3138.3 6.3634450 0.05214 2988.9 3301.8 6.7193 0.04416 2978.0 3287.1 6.6327 0.03817 2966.7 3272.0 6.5551500 0.05665 3082.2 3422.2 6.8803 0.04814 3073.4 3410.3 6.7975 0.04175 3064.3 3398.3 6.7240550 0.06101 3174.6 3540.6 7.0288 0.05195 3167.2 3530.9 6.9486 0.04516 3159.8 3521.0 6.8778600 0.06525 3266.9 3658.4 7.1677 0.05565 3260.7 3650.3 7.0894 0.04845 3254.4 3642.0 7.0206700 0.07352 3453.1 3894.2 7.4234 0.06283 3448.5 3888.3 7.3476 0.05481 3443.9 3882.4 7.2812800 0.08160 3643.1 4132.7 7.6566 0.06981 3639.5 4128.2 7.5822 0.06097 3636.0 4123.8 7.5173900 0.08958 3837.8 4375.3 7.8727 0.07669 3835.0 4371.8 7.7991 0.06702 3832.1 4368.3 7.7351

1000 0.09749 4037.8 4622.7 8.0751 0.08350 4035.3 4619.8 8.0020 0.07301 4032.8 4616.9 7.9384

Page 22: lee kesler

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

1100 0.10536 4243.3 4875.4 8.2661 0.09027 4240.9 4872.8 8.1933 0.07896 4238.6 4870.3 8.13001200 0.11321 4454.0 5133.3 8.4474 0.09703 4451.7 5130.9 8.3747 0.08489 4449.5 5128.5 8.31151300 0.12106 4669.6 5396.0 8.6199 0.10377 4667.3 5393.7 8.5475 0.90980 4665.0 5391.5 8.4842

P = 9 MPa (303.40ºC) P = 10.0 MPa (311.06ºC) P = 12.5 MPa (327.89ºC)Sat. 0.02048 2557.8 2742.1 5.6772 0.018026 2544.4 2724.7 5.6141 0.013495 2505.1 2673.8 5.4624325 0.02327 2646.6 2856.0 5.8712 0.019861 2610.4 2809.1 5.7568350 0.02580 2724.4 2956.6 6.0361 0.02242 2699.2 2923.4 5.9443 0.016126 2624.6 2826.2 5.7118400 0.02993 2848.4 3117.8 6.2854 0.02641 2832.4 3096.5 6.2120 0.02000 2789.3 3039.3 6.0417450 0.03350 2955.2 3256.6 6.4844 0.02975 2943.4 3240.9 6.4190 0.02299 2912.5 3199.8 6.2719500 0.03677 3055.2 3386.1 6.6576 0.03279 3045.8 3373.7 6.5966 0.02560 3021.7 3341.8 6.4618550 0.03987 3152.2 3511.0 6.8142 0.03564 3144.6 3500.9 6.7561 0.02801 3125.0 3475.2 6.6290600 0.04285 3248.1 3633.7 6.9589 0.03837 3241.7 3625.3 6.9029 0.03029 3225.4 ~604.0' 6.7810650 0.04574 3343.6 3755.3 7.0943 0.04101 3338.2 3748.2 7.0398 0.03248 3324.4 3730.4 6.9218700 0.04857 3439.3 3876.5 7.2221 0.04358 3434.7 3870.5 7.1687 0.03460 3422.9 3855.3 7.0536800 0.05409 3632.5 4119.3 7.4596 0.04859 3628.9 4114.8 7.4077 0.03869 3620.0 4103.6 7.2965900 0.05950 3829.2 4364.8 7.6783 0.05349 3826.3 4361.2 7.6272 0.04267 3819.1 4352.5 7.5182

1000 0.06485 4030.3 4614.0 7.8821 0.05832 4027.8 4611.0 7.8315 0.04658 4021.6 4603.8 7.72371100 0.07016 4236.3 4867.7 8.0740 0.06312 4234.0 4865.1 8.0237 0.05045 4228.2 4858.8 7.91651200 0.07544 4447.2 5126.2 8.2556 0.06789 4444.9 5123.8 8.2055 0.05430 4439.3 5118.0 8.09371300 0.08072 4662.7 5389.2 8.4284 0.07265 4460.5 5387.0 8.3783 0.05813 4654.8 5381.4 8.2717

Page 23: lee kesler

TABLE 4C: Properties of superheated water vapor (continued)

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 15 MPa (342.24ºC) P = 17.5 MPa (354.75ºC) P = 20.0 MPa (365.81ºC)Sat. 0.010337 2455.5 2610.5 5.3098 0.007920 2390.2 2528.8 5.1419 0.005834 2293.0 2409.7 4.9269350 0.011470 2520.4 2692.4 5.4421400 0.015649 2740.7 2975.5 5.8811 0.012447 2685.0 2902.9 5.7213 0.009942 2619.3 2818.1 5.5540450 0.018445 2879.5 3156.2 6.1404 0.015174 2844.2 3109.7 6.0184 0.012695 2806.2 3060.1 5.9017500 0.02080 2996.6 3308.fi 6.3443 0.017358 2970.3 3274.1 6.2383 0.014768 2942.9 3238.2 6.1401550 0.02293 3104.7 3448.6 6.5199 0.019288 3083.9 3421.4 6.4230 0.016555 3062.4 3393.5 6.3348600 0.02491 3208.6 3582.3 6.6776 0.02106 3191.5 3560.1 6.5866 0.018178 3174.0 3537.6 6.5048650 0.02680 3310.3 3712.3 6.8224 0.02274 3296.0 3693.9 6.7357 0.019693 3281.4 3675.3 6.6582700 0.02861 3410.9 3840.1 6.9572 0.02434 3398.7 3824.6 6.8736 0.02113 3386.4 3809.0 6.7993800 0.03210 3610.9 4092.4 7.2040 0.02738 3601.8 4081.1 7.1244 0.02385 3592.7 4069.7 7.0544900 0.03546 3811.9 4343.8 7.4279 0.03031 3804.7 4335.1 7.3507 0.02645 3797.5 4326.4 7.2830

1000 0.03875 4015.4 4596.6 7.6348 0.03316 4009.3 4589.5 7.5589 0.02897 4003.1 4582.5 7.49251100 0.04200 4222.6 4852.6 7.8283 0.03597 4216.9 4846.4 7.7531 0.03145 4211.3 4840.2 7.68741200 0.04523 4433.8 5112.3 8.0108 0.03876 4428.3 5106.6 7.9360 0.03391 4422.8 5101.0 7.87071300 0.04845 4649.1 5376.0 8.1840 0.04154 4643.5 5370.5 8.1093 0.03636 4638.0 5365.1 8.0442

P = 25 MPa P = 30 MPa P = 35 MPa375 0.0019731 1798.7 1848.0 4.0320 0.0017892 1737.8 1791.5 3.9305 0.0017003 1702.9 1762.4 3.8722400 0.006004 2430.1 2580.2 5.1418 0.002790 2067.4 2151.1 4.4728 0.002100 1914.1 1987.6 4.2126425 0.007881 2609.2 2806.3 5.4723 0.005303 2455.1 2614.2 5.1504 0.003428 2253.4 2373.4 4.7747450 0.009162 2720.7 2949.7 5.6744 0.006735 2619.3 2821.4 5.4424 0.004961 2498.7 2672.4 5.1962500 0.011123 2884.3 3162.4 5.9592 0.008678 2820.7 3081.1 5.7905 0.006927 2751.9 2994.4 5.6282550 0.012724 3017.5 3335.6 6.1765 0.010168 2970.3 3275.4 6.0342 0.008345 2921.0 3213.0 5.9026600 0.014137 3137.9 3491.4 6.3602 0.011446 3100.5 3443.9 6.2331 0.009527 3062.0 3395.5 6.1179650 0.015433 3251.6 3637.4 6.5229 0.012596 3221.0 3598.9 6.4058 0.010575 3189.8 3559.9 6.3010700 0.016646 3361.3 3777.5 6.6707 0.013661 3335.8 3745.6 6.5606 0.011533 3309.8 3713.5 6.4631800 0.018912 3574.3 4047.1 6.9345 0.015623 3555.5 4024.2 6.8332 0.013278 3536.7 4001.5 6.7450900 0.021045 3783.0 4309.1 7.1680 0,017448 3768.5 4291.9 7.0718 0.014883 3754.0 4274.9 6.9386

1000 0.02310 3990.9 4568.5 7.3802 0.019196 3978.8 4554.7 7.2867 0.016410 3966.7 4541.1 7.2064

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1100 0.02512 4200.2 4828.2 7.5765 0.020903 4189.2 4816.3 7.4845 0.017895 4178.3 4804.6 7.40371200 0.02711 4412.0 5089.9 7.7605 0.022589 4401.3 5079.0 7.6692 0.019360 4390.7 5068.3 7.59101300 0.02910 4626.9 5354.4 7.9342 0.024266 4616.0 5344.0 7.8432 0.020815 4605.1 5333.6 7.7653

P = 40 MPa P = 50 MPa P = 60 MPa375 0.0016407 1677.1 1742.8 3.8290 0.0015594 1638.6 1716.6 3.7639 0.0015028 1609.4 1699.5 3.7141400 0.0019077 1854.6 1930.9 4.1135 0.0017309 1788.1 1874.6 4.0031 0.0016335 1745.4 1843.4 3.9318425 0.002532 2096.9 2198.1 4.5029 0.002007 1959.7 2060.0 4.2734 0.0018165 1892.7 2001.7 4.1626450 0.003693 2365.1 2512.8 4.9459 0.002486 2159.6 2284.0 4.5884 0.002085 2053.9 2179.0 4.4121500 0.005622 2678.4 2903.3 5.4700 0.003892 2525.5 2720.1 5.1726 0.002956 2390.6 2567.9 4.9321550 0.006984 2869.7 3149.1 5.7785 0.005118 2763.6 3019.5 5.5485 0.003956 2658.8 2896.2 5.3441600 0.008094 3022.6 3346.4 6.0144 0.006112 2942.0 3247.6 5.8178 0.004834 2861.1 3151.2 5.6452650 0.009063 3158.0, 3520.6 6.2054 0.006966 3093.5 3441.8 6.0342 0.005595 3028.8 3364.5 5.8829700 0.009941 3283.6 3681.2 6.3750 0.007727 3230.5 3616.8 6.2189 0.006272 3177.2 3553.5 6.0824800 0.011523 3517.8 3978.7 6.6662 0.009076 3479.8 3933.6 6.5290 0.007459 3441.5 3889.1 6.4109900 0.012962 3739.4 4257.9 6.9150 0.010283 3710.3 4224.4 6.7882 0.008508 3681.0 4191.5 6.6805

1000 0.014324 3954.6 4527.6 7.1356 0.011411 3930.5 4501.1 7.0146 0.009480 3906.4 4475.2 6.91271100 0.015642 4167.4 4793.1 7.3364 0.012496 4145.7 4770.5 7.2184 0.010409 4124.1 4748.6 7.11951200 0.016940 4380.1 5057.7 7.5224 0.013561 4359.1 5037.2 7.4058 0.011317 4338.2 5017.2 7.30831300 0.018229 4594.3 5323.5 7.6969 0.014616 4572.8 5303.6 7.5808 0.012215 4551.4 5284.3 7.4837

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TABLE 5A: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): temperature table

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Temp. Sat.press.

Sat. liquid Sat. va-por

Sat. liquid Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat. liq-uid

Sat.vapor

T,ºC Psat,, MPa vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg

–40 0.05164 0.0007055 0.3569 –0.04 204.45 0.00 222.88 222.88 0.0000 0.9560– 36 0.06332 0.0007113 0.2947 4.68 206.73 4.73 220.67 225.40 0.0201 0.9506–32 0.07704 0.0007172 0.2451 9.47 209.01 9.52 218.37 227.90 0.0401 0.9456–28 0.09305 0.0007233 0.2052 14.31 211.29 14.37 216.01 230.38 0.0600 0.9411–26 0.10199 0.0007265 0.1882 16.75 212.43 16.82 214.80 231.62 0.0699 0.9390–24 0.11160 0.0007296 0.1728 19.21 213.57 19.29 213.57 232.85 0.0798 0.9370–22 0.12192 0.0007328 0.1590 21.68 214.70 21.77 212.32 234.08 0.0897 0.9351–20 0.13299 0.0007361 0.1464 24.17 215.84 24.26 211.05 235.31 0.0996 0.9332– 18 0.14483 0.0007395 0.1350 26.67 216.97 26.77 209.76 236.53 0.1094 0.9315–16 0.15748 0.0007428 0.1247 29.18 218.10 29.30 208.45 237.74 0.1192 0.9298–12 0.18540 0.0007498 0.1068 34.25 220.36 34.39 205.77 240.15 0.1388 0.9267

–8 0.21704 0.0007569 0.0919 39.38 222.60 39.54 203.00 242.54 0.1583 0.9239–4 0.25274 0.0007644 0.0794 44.56 224.84 44.75 200.15 244.90 0.1777 0.92130 0.29282 0.0007721 0.0689 49.79 227.06 50.02 197.21 247.23 0.1970 0.91904 0.33765 0.0007801 0.0600 55.08 229.27 55.35 194.19 249.53 0.2162 0.91698 0.38756 0.0007884 0.0525 60.43 231.46 60.73 191.07 251.80 0.2354 0.9150

12 0.44294 0.0007971 0.0460 65.83 233.63 66.18 187.85 254.03 0.2545 0.913216 0.50416 0.0008062 0.0405 71.29 235.78 71.69 184.52 256.22 0.2735 0.911620 0.57160 0.0008157 0.0358 76.80 237.91 77.26 181.09 258.35 0.2924 0.910224 0.64566 0.0008257 0.0317 82.37 240.01 82.90 177.55 260.45 0.3113 0.908926 0.68530 0.0008309 0.0298 85.18 241.05 85.75 175.73 261.48 0.3208 0.908228 0.72675 0.0008362 0.0281 88.00 242.08 88.61 173.89 262.50 0.3302 0.907630 0.77006 0.0008417 0.0265 90.84 243.10 91.49 172.00 263.50 0.3396 0.907032 0.81528 0.0008473 0.0250 93.70 244.12 94.39 170.09 264.48 0.3490 0.906434 0.86247 0.0008530 0.0236 96.58 245.12 97.31 168.14 265.45 0.3584 0.905836 0.91168 0.0008590 0.0223 99.47 246.11 100.25 166.15 266.40 0.3678 0.905338 0.96298 0.0008651 0.0210 102.38 247.09 103.21 164.12 267.33 0.3772 0.9047

Page 26: lee kesler

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Temp. Sat.press.

Sat. liquid Sat. va-por

Sat. liquid Sat.vapor

Sat.liquid

Evap. Sat.vapor

Sat. liq-uid

Sat.vapor

T,ºC Psat,, MPa vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg

40 1.0164 0.0008714 0.0199 105.30 248.06 106.19 162.05 268.24 0.3866 0.904142 1.0720 0.0008780 0.0188 108.25 249.02 109.19 159.94 269.14 0.3960 0.903544 1.1299 0.0008847 0.0177 111.22 249.96 112.22 157.79 270.01 0.4054 0.903048 1.2526 0.0008989 0.0159 117.22 251.79 118.35 153.33 271.68 0.4243 0.901752 1.3851 0.0009142 0.0142 123.31 253.55 124.58 148.66 273.24 0.4432 0.900456 1.5278 0.0009308 0.0127 129.51 255.23 130.93 143.75 274.68 0.4622 0.899060 1.6813 0.0009488 0.0114 135.82 256.81 137.42 138.57 275.99 0.4814 0.897370 2.1162 0.0010027 0.0086 152.22 260.15 154.34 124.08 278.43 0.5302 0.891880 2.6324 0.0010766 0.0064 169.88 262.14 172.71 106.41 279.12 0.5814 0.882790 3.2435 0.0011949 0.0046 189.82 261.34 193.69 82.63 276.32 0.6380 0.8655

100 3.9742 0.0015443 0.0027 218.60 248.49 224.74 34.40 259.13 0.7196 0.8117

Tables A–5A to A–5 C adapted from M. J. Moran, and H.N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd Ed. John Wiley& Sons, 1992; originally based on equations from D.P. Wilson, and R.S. Basu, ASHRAE Transactions, 94, Pt 2., 1988, pp. 2095–2118.(With permission.)

Page 27: lee kesler

TABLE 5B: Properties of saturated refrigerant 134a (liquid–vapor): pressure table

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Press. Sat.Temp.

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat. liq-uid

Evap. Sat. va-por

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor

MPa T,ºC vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg

0.06 –37.07 0.0007097 0.3100 3.41 206.12 3.46 221.27 224.72 0.0147 0.95200.08 –31.21 0.0007184 0.2366 10.41 209.46 10.47 217.92 228.39 0.0440 0.9447

0.10 –26.43 0.0007258 0.1917 16.22 212.18 16.29 215.06 231.35 0.0678 0.9395

0.12 –22.36 0.0007323 0.1614 21.23 214.50 21.32 212.54 233.86 0.0879 0.9354

0.14 –18.80 0.0007381 0.1395 25.66 216–52 25.77 210.27 236.04 0.1055 0.9322

0.16 –15.62 0.0007435 0.1229 29.66 218.32 29.78 208.18 237.97 0.1211 0.9295

0.18 –12.73 0.0007485 0.1098 33.31 219.94 33.45 206.26 239.71 0.1352 0.9273

0.20 –10.09 0.0007532 0.0993 36.69 221.43 36.84 204.46 241.30 0.1481 0.9253

0.24 –5.37 0.0007618 0.0834 42.77 224.07 42.95 201.14 244.09 0.1710 0.9222

0.28 –1.23 0.0007697 0.0719 48.18 226.38 48.39 198.13 246.52 0.1911 0.9197

0.32 2.48 0.0007770 0.0632 53.06 228.43 53.31 195.35 248.66 0.2089 0.9177

0.36 5.84 0.0007839 0.0564 57.54 230.28 57.82 192.76 250.58 0.2251 0.9160

0.4 8.93 0.0007904 0.0509 61.69 231.97 62.00 190.32 252.32 0.2399 0.9145

0.5 15.74 0.0008056 0.0409 70.93 235.64 71.33 184.74 256.07 0.2723 0.9117

0.6 21.58 0.0008196 0.0341 78.99 238.74 79.48 179.71 259.19 0.2999 0.9097

0.7 26.72 0.0008328 0.0292 86.19 241.42 86.78 175.07 261.85 0.3242 0.9080

0.8 31.33 0.0008454 0.0255 92.75 243.78 93.42 170.73 264.15 0.3459 0.9066

0.9 35.53 0.0008576 0.0226 98.79 245.88 99.56 166.62 266.18 0.3656 0.9054

1.0 39.39 0.0008695 0.0202 104.42 247.77 105.29 162.68 267.97 0.3838 0.9043

1.2 46.32 0.0008928 0.0166 114.69 251.03 115.76 155.23 270.99 0.4164 0.9023

1.4 52.43 0.0009159 0.0140 123.98 253.74 125.26 148.14 273.40 0.4453 0.9003

1.6 57.92 0.0009392 0.0121 132.52 256.00 134.02 141.31 275.33 0.4714 0.8982

1.8 62.91 0.0009631 0.0105 140.49 257.88 142.22 134.60 276.83 0.4954 0.8959

2.0 67.49 0.0009878 0.0093 148.02 259.41 149.99 127.95 277.94 0.5178 0.8934

Page 28: lee kesler

Specific volume,m3/kg

Internal energy,kJ/kg

Enthalpy,kJ/kg

Entropy,kJ/(kg⋅K)

Press. Sat.Temp.

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Sat. liq-uid

Evap. Sat. va-por

Sat. liquid Sat. vapor

MPa T,ºC vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg

2.5 77.59 0.0010562 0.0069 165.48 261.84 168.12 111.06 279.17 0.5687 0.8854

3.0 86.22 0.0011416 0.0053 181.88 262.16 185.30 92.71 278.01 0.6156 0.8735

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TABLE 5C: Properties of superheated refrigerant 134a vapor

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 0.06 MPa (–37.07ºC) P = 0.1 MPa (–26.43ºC) P = 0.14 MPa (–18.80ºC)Sat. 0.31003 206.12 224.72 0.9520 0.19170 212.18 231.35 0.9395 0.13945 216.52 236.04 0.9322–20 0.33536 217.86 237.98 1.0062 0.19770 216.77 236.54 0.9602–10 0.34992 224.97 245.96 1.0371 0.20686 224.01 244.70 0.9918 0.14549 223.03 243.40 0.9606

0 0.36433 232.24 254.10 1.0675 0.21587 231.41 252.99 1.0227 0.15219 230.55 251.86 0.992210 0.37861 239.69 262.41 1.0973 0.22473 238.96 261.43 1.0531 0.15875 238.21 260.43 1.023020 0.39279 247.32 270.89 1.1267 0.23349 246.67 270.02 1.0829 0.16520 246.01 269.13 1.053230 0.40688 255.12 279.53 1.1557 0.24216 254.54 278.76 1.1122 0.17155 253.96 277.97 1.082840 0.42091 263.10 288.35 1.1844 0.25076 262.58 287.66 1.1411 0.17783 262.06 286.96 1.112050 0.43487 271.25 297.34 1.2126 0.25930 270.79 296.72 1.1696 0.18404 270.32 296.09 1.140760 0.44879 279.58 306.51 1.2405 0.26779 279.16 305.94 1.1977 0.19020 278.74 305.37 1.169070 0.46266 288.08 315.84 1.2681 0.27623 287.70 315.32 1.2254 0.19633 287.32 314.80 1.196980 0.47650 296.75 325.34 1.2954 0.28464 296.40 324.87 1.2528 0.20241 296.06 324.39 1.224490 0.49031 305.58 335.00 1.3224 0.29302 305.27 334.57 1.2799 0.20846 304.95 334.14 1.2516

100 0.21449 314.01 344.04 1.2785

P = 0.18 MPa (–12.73ºC) P = 0.20 MPa (–10.09ºC) P = 0.24 MPa (–5.37ºC)Sat. 0.10983 219.94 239.71 0.9273 0.09933 221.43 241.30 0.9253 0.08343 224.07 244.09 0.9222–10 0.11135 222.02 242.06 0.9362 0.09938 221.50 241.38 0.9256

0 0.11678 229.67 250.69 0.9684 0.10438 229.23 250.10 0.9582 0.08574 228.31 248.89 0.939910 0.12207 237.44 259.41 0.9998 0.10922 237.05 258.89 0.9898 0.08993 236.26 257.84 0.972120 0.12723 245.33 268.23 1.0304 0.11394 244.99 267.78 1.0206 0.09339 244.30 266.85 1.003430 0.13230 253.36 277.17 1.0604 0.11856 253.06 276.77 1.0508 0.09794 252.45 275.95 1.033940 0.13730 261.53 286.24 1.0898 0.12311 261.26 285.88 1.0804 0.10181 260.72 285.16 1.063750 0.14222 269.85 295.45 1.1187 0.12758 269.61 295.12 1.1094 0.10562 269.12 294.47 1.093060 0.14710 278.31 304.79 1.1472 0.13201 278.10 304.50 1.1380 0.10937 277.67 303.91 1.121870 0.15193 286.93 314.28 1.1753 0.13639 286.74 314.02 1.1661 0.11307 286.35 313.49 1.150180 0.15672 295.71 323.92 1.2030 0.14073 295.53 323.68 1.1939 0.11674 295.18 323.19 1.178090 0.16148 304.63 333.70 1.2303 0.14504 304.47 333.48 1.2212 0.12037 304.15 333.04 1.2055

Page 30: lee kesler

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

100 0.16622 313.72 343.63 1.2573 0.14932 313.57 343.43 1.2483 0.12398 313.27 343.03 1.2326

P = 0.28 MPa (–1.23ºC) P = 0.32 MPa (2.48ºC) P = 0.40 MPa (8.93ºC)Sat. 0.07193 226.38 246.52 0.9197 0.06322 228.43 248.66 0.9177 0.05089 231.97 252.32 0.9145

0 0.07240 227.37 247.64 0.923810 0.07613 235.44 256.76 0.9566 0.06576 234.61 255.65 0.9427 0.05119 232.87 253.35 0.918220 0.07972 243.59 265.91 0.9883 0.06901 242.87 264.95 0.9749 0.05397 241.37 262.96 0.951530 0.08320 251.83 275.12 1.0192 0.07214 251.19 274.28 1.0062 0.05662 249.89 272.54 0.983740 0.08660 260.17 284.42 1.0494 0.07518 259.61 283.67 1.0367 0.05917 258.47 282.14 1.014850 008992 268.64 293.81 1.0789 0.07815 268.14 293.15 1.0665 0.06164 267.13 291.79 1.045260 0.09319 277.23 303.32 1.1079 0.08106 276.79 302.72 1.0957 0.06405 275.89 301.51 1.074870 0.09641 285.96 312.95 1.1364 0.08392 285.56 312.41 1.1243 0.06641 284.75 311.32 1.103880 0.09960 294.82 322.71 1.1644 0.08674 294.46 322.22 1.1525 0.06873 293.73 321.23 1.132290 0.10275 303.83 332.60 1.1920 0.08953 303.50 332.15 1.1802 0.07102 302.84 331.25 1.1602

100 0.10587 312.98 342.62 1.2193 0.09229 312.68 342.21 1.1076 0.07327 312.07 341.38 1.1878110 0.10897 322.27 352.78 1.2461 0.09503 322.00 352.40 1.2345 0.07550 321.44 351.64 1.2149120 0.11205 331.71 363.08 1.2727 0.09774 331.45 362.73 1.2611 0.07771 330.94 362.03 1.2417130 0.07991 340.58 372.54 1.2681140 0.08208 350.35 383.18 1.2941

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TABLE 5C: Properties of superheated refrigerant 134a vapor (continued)

T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

P = 0.5 MPa ( 15.4ºC) P = 0.6 MPa ( 21.58ºC) P = 0.7 MPa (26.72ºC)Sat. 0.04086 253.64 256.07 0.9117 0.03408 238.74 259.19 0.9097 0.02918 241.42 261.85 0.9080

20 0.04188 239.40 260.34 0.926430 0.04416 248.20 270.28 0.9597 0.03581 246.41 267.89 0.9388 0.02979 244.51 265.37 0.919740 0.04633 256.99 280.16 0.9918 0.03774 255.45 278.09 0.9719 0.03157 253.83 275.93 0.953950 0.04842 265.83 290.04 1.0229 0.03958 264.48 288.23 1.0037 0.03324 263.08 286.35 0.986760 0.05043 274.73 299.95 1.0531 0.04134 273.54 298.35 1.0346 0.03482 272.31 296.69 1.018270 0.05240 283.72 309.92 1.0825 0.04304 282.66 308.48 1.0645 0.03634 281.57 307.01 1.048780 0.05432 292.80 319.96 1.1114 0.04469 291.86 318.67 1.0938 0.03781 290.88 317.35 1.078490 0.05620 302.00 330.10 1.1397 0.04631 301.14 328.93 1.1225 0.03924 300.27 327.74 1.1074

100 0.05805 311.31 340.33 1.1675 0.04790 310.53 339.27 1.1505 0.04064 309.74 338.19 1.1358110 0.05988 320.74 350.68 1.1949 0.04946 320.03 349.70 1.1781 0.04201 319.31 348.71 1.1637120 0.06168 330.30 361.14 1.2218 0.05099 329.64 360.24 1.2053 0.04335 328.98 359.33 1.1910130 0.06347 339.98 371.72 1.2484 0.05251 339.38 370.88 1.2320 0.04468 338.76 370.04 1.2179140 0.06524 349.79 382.42 1.2746 0.05402 349.23 381.64 1.2584 0.04599 348.66 380.86 1,2444150 0.05550 359.21 392.52 1.2844 0.04729 358.68 391.79 1.2706160 0.05698 369.32 403.51 1.3100 0.04857 368.82 402.82 1.2963

P = 0.8 MPa ( 31.33ºC) P = 0.90 MPa ( 35.53ºC) P = 1.00 MPa ( 39.39ºC)Sat. 0.02547 243.78 264.15 0.9066 0.02255 245.88 266.18 0.9054 0.02020 247.77 267.97 0.9043

40 0.02691 252.13 273.66 0.9374 0.02325 250.32 271.25 0.9217 0.02029 248.39 268.68 0.906650 0.02846 261.62 284.39 0.9711 0.02472 260.09 282.34 0.9566 0.02171 258.48 280.19 0.942860 0.02992 27 1 .04 294.98 1.0034 0.02609 269.72 293.21 0.9897 0.0230 1 268.35 291.36 0.976870 0.03131 280.45 305.50 1.0345 0.02738 279.30 303.94 1.0214 0.02423 278.11 302.34 1.009380 0.03264 289.89 316.00 1.0647 0.02861 288.87 314.62 1.0521 0.02538 287.82 313.20 1.040590 0.03393 299.37 326.52 1.0940 0.02980 298.46 325.28 1.0819 0.02649 297.53 324.01 1.0707

100 0.03519 308.93 337.08 1.1227 0.03095 308.11 335.96 1.1109 0.02755 307.27 334.82 1.1000110 0.03642 318.57 347.71 1.1508 0.03207 317.82 346.68 1.1392 0.02858 317.06 345.65 1.1286120 0.03762 328.31 358.40 1.1784 0.03316 327.62 357.47 1.1670 0.02959 326.93 356.52 1.1567

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T v u h s v u h s v u h soC m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K) m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/(kg⋅K)

130 0.03881 338.14 369.19 1.2055 0.03423 337.52 368.33 1.1943 0.03058 336.88 367.46 1.1841140 0.03997 348.09 380.07 1.2321 0.03529 347.51 379.27 1.2211 0.03154 346.92 378.46 1.2111150 0.04113 358.15 391.05 1.2584 0.03633 357.61 390.31 1.2475 0.03250 357.06 389.56 1.2376160 0.04227 368.32 402.14 1.2843 0.03736 367.82 401.44 1.2735 0.03344 367.31 400.74 1.2638170 0.04340 378.61 413.33 1.3098 0.03838 378.14 412.68 1.2992 0.03436 377.66 412.02 1.2895180 0.04452 389.02 424.63 1.3351 0.03939 388.57 424.02 1.3245 0.03528 388.12 423.40 1.3149

P = 1.2 MPa ( 46.32ºC) P = 1.40 MPa ( 52.43ºC) P = 1.60 MPa ( 57.92ºC)Sat. 0.01663 251.03 270.99 0.9023 0.01405 253.74 273.40 0.9003 0.01208 256.00 275.33 0.8982

50 0.01712 254.98 275.52 0.916460 0.01835 265.42 287.44 0.9527 0.01495 262.17 283.10 0.9297 0.01233 258.48 278.20 0.906970 0.01947 275.59 298.96 0.9868 0.01603 272.87 295.31 0.9658 0.01340 269.89 291.33 0.945780 0.02051 285.62 310.24 1.0192 0.01701 283.29 307.10 0.9997 0.01435 280.78 303.74 0.981390 0.02150 295.59 321.39 1.0503 0.01792 293.55 318.63 1.0319 0.01521 291.39 315.72 1.0148

100 0.02244 305.54 332.47 1.0804 0.01878 303.73 330.02 1.0628 0.01601 301.84 327.46 1.0467110 0.02335 315.50 343.52 1.1096 0.01960 313.88 341.32 1.0927 0.01677 312.20 339.04 1.0773120 0.02423 325.51 354.58 1.1381 0.02039 324.05 352.59 1.1218 0.01750 322.53 350.53 1.10691 30 0.02508 335.58 365.68 1.1 660 0.02115 334.25 363.86 1.1501 0.01820 332.87 361.99 1.1357140 0.02592 345.73 376.83 1.1933 0.02189 344.50 375.15 1.1 777 0.0 1 887 343.24 373.44 1.1 638150 0.02674 355.95 388.04 1.2201 0.02262 354.82 386.49 1.2048 0.01953 353.66 384.91 1.1912160 0.02754 366.27 399.33 1.2465 0.02333 365.22 397.89 1.2315 0.02017 364.15 396.43 1.2181170 0.02834 376.69 410.70 1.2724 0.02403 375.71 409.36 1.2576 0.02080 374.71 407.99 1.2445180 0.02912 387.21 422.16 1.2980 0.02472 386.29 420.90 1.2834 0.02142 385.35 419.62 1.2704190 0.02541 396.96 432.53 1.3088 0.02203 396.08 431.33 1.2960200 0.02608 407.73 444.24 1.3338 0.02263 406.90 443.11 1.3212

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TABLE 6A: Properties of some solids at 25ºC TABLE 6B: Properties of some liquidsat 25ºC

SOLIDS LIQUIDS

Substanceρ

kg/m3cP

kJ/kg KSubstance

ρkg/ m3

cP

kJ/kg K

Asphalt 2120 0.92 Ammonia 604 4.84Brick, common 1800 0.84 Benzene 879 1.72Carbon, diamond 3250 0.51 Butane 556 2.47Carbon, graphite 2000–2500 0.61 CCL, 1584 0.83Coal 1200–1500 1.26 C02 680 2.9Concrete 2200 0.88 Ethanol 783 2.46Glass, plate 2500 0.80 Gasoline 750 2.08Glass, wool 200 0.66 Glycerin 1260 2.42Granite 2750 0.89 Kerosene 815 2.0Ice (0 C) 917 2.04 1 Methanol 787 2.55Paper 700 1.2 n–octane 692 2.23Plexiglas 1180 1.44 Oil engine 885 1.9Polystyrene 920 2.3 Oil light 910 1.8Polyvinyl chloride 1380 0.96 Propane 510 2.54Rubber, soft 1100 1.67 R–12 1310 0.97Salt, rock 2100–2500 0.92 R–22 1190 1.26Sand, dry 1500 0.8 R–134a 1206 1.43Silicon 2330 0.70 Water 997 4.18Snow, firm 560 21 Liquid metalsWood, hard (oak) 720 1.26 Bismuth, Bi 10040 0.14Wood, soft (pine) 510 1.38 Lead, Pb 10660 0.16Wool 100 1.72 Mercury, Hg 13580 0.14

Metals Potassium, K 828 0.81Aluminum 2700 0.90 Sodium, Na 929 1.38Brass, 60–40 8400 0.38 Tin, Sn 6950 0.24Copper, commercial 8300 0.42 NaK (56/44) 887 1.13Gold 19300 0.13 Zinc, Zn 6570 0.50Iron, cast 7272 0.42Iron. 304 St Steel 7820 0.46Lead 11310 0.128

Tables 6A to 6C adapted from R. Sonntag, C. Borgnakke and G. J. Wylen, Fundamentals ofClassical Thermodynamics, 5th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1998. (With permission.)

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TABLE 6C: Properties of various ideal gases at 25ºC, 100 kPa

GasChemicalFormula

MolecularMass

RkJ/kg K

ρkg/m3

cp0

kJ/kg Kcv0

kJ/kg Kk

Acetylene C2H2 26.038 0.3193 1.05 1.699 1.380 1.231Air 28.97 0.287 1.169 1.004 0.717 1.400Ammonia NH3 17.031 0.4882 0.694 2,130 1.642 1.297Argon Ar 39.948 0.2081 1.613 0.520 0.312 1.667Benzene C6H6 78.11 0.1064 3.151 0775 0.67 1.157Butane C4H10 58.124 0.1430 2.407 1.716 1.573 1.091Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 0.2968 1.13 1.041 0.744 1.399Carbon dioxide CO, 44.01 0.1889 1.775 0.842 0.653 1.289Ethane C2H6 30.07 0.2765 1.222 1.766 1.490 1.186Ethanol CH3OH 46.069 0.1805 1.883 1.427 1.246 1.145Ethylene C2H4 28.054 0.2964 1.138 1,548 1.252 1.237Helium He 4.003 2.0771 0.1615 5.193 3.116 1.667Hydrogen H2 2.016 4.1243 0.0813 14.209 1.008 1.409Methane CH4 16.043 0.5183 0.648 2.254 1.736 1.299Methanol CH3OH 32.042 0.2595 1.31 1.405 1.146 1.227Neon Ne 20.183 0.4120 0.814 1.03 0.618 1.667Nitric oxide NO 30.006 0.2771 1.21 0.993 0,716 1.387Nitrogen . N 28.013 0.2968 1.13 1.042 0.745 1.400Nitrous oxide N2O 44.013 0.1889 1.775 0.879 0.690 1.274n–octane C8H18 114.23 0.07279 0.092 1.711 1.638 1.044Oxygen O2 31.999 0.2598 1.292 0.922 0.662 1.393Propane C3H8 44.094 0.1886 1.808 1.679 1.490 1.126R–12 CCl2F2 120.914 0.06876 4.98 0.616 0.547 1.126R–22 CHClF2, 86.469 0.09616 3.54 0.658 0.562 1.171R–134a C2F4H2 102.03 0.08149 4.20 0.852 0.771 1.106Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.059 0.1298 2.618 0.624 0.494 1.263Sulfur trioxide SO3 80.053 0.10386 3.272 0.635 0.531 1.196Water/steam H2O 18.02 0.4614 0.727 1.86 1.40 1.329

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TABLE 6D: Curve fits for thermodynamic properties of liquids

Constants for the equation: cp0/R = A + BT + CT2, T from 273.15 to 373.15 K(h0– h0,ref) /R = A (T–Tref) + (B/2)(T2–Tref

2) + (C/3) (T3 –Tref 3)

(s0– s0,ref) /R = A ln (T/Tref) + B(T–Tref) + (C/2)(T2 –Tref 2)

h0,ref and s0,ref are typically set to zero at Tref.

Chemical Species A 103 B 106 CAmmonia 22.626 –100.75 192.71Aniline 15.819 29.03 –15.80Benzene –0.747 67.96 –37.781,3–Butadiene 22.711 –87.96 205.79Carbon tetrachloride 21.155 –48.28 101.14Chlorobenzene 11.278 32.86 –31.90Chloroform 19.215 –42.89 83.01Cyclohexane –9.048 141.38 –161.62Ethanol 33.866 –172.60 349.17Ethylene oxide 21.039 –86.41 172.28Methanol 13.431 –51.28 131.13n–Propanol 41.653 –210.32 427.20Sulfur trioxide –2.930 137.08 –84.73Toluene 15.133 6.79 16.35Water 8.712 1.25 –0.18

Tables 6D and 6F adapted from Smith and Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engi-neering Thermodynamics, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1987. Origi-nally, the liquid correlations were presented by J. W. Miller, Jr., G. R. Schorr, and C.L. Yaws, Chem. Engng., 83(23): 129, 1976 and the solid correlations by K.K. Kelley,U.S. Bur. Mines. Bull. 584, 1960; L. B. Pankratz, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull., 672, 1982.

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Table 6E: Curve fits for thermodynamic properties of solids

Constants for the equation cp0/R = A+ BT + DT–2

T (kelvins) from 298 K to Tmax

(h0– h0,ref) /R = A (T–Tref) + (B/2)(T2–Tref2) – D (1/T– 1/Tref)

(s0– s0,ref) /R = A ln (T/Tref) + B(T–Tref) – (D/2) (1/T–2– 1/Tref–2)

h0,ref and s0,ref are typically set to zero at Tref.

Chemical Species Tmax A 103 B 10–5 DCaO 2,000 6.104 0.443 –1.047CaCO3 1,200 12.572 2.637 –3.120Ca(OH)2 700 9.597 5.435CaC2 720 8.254 1.429 –1.042CaCl2 1,055 8.646 1.530 –0.302C(Graphite) 2000 1.771 0.771 –0.867Cu 1,357 2.677 0.815 0.035CuO 1,400 5.780 0.973 –0.874Fe(α) 1.043 –0.111 6.111 1.150Fe2O3 960 11.812 9.697 –1.976Fe3O4 850 9.594 27.t12 0.409FeS 411 2.612 13.286I2 386.8 6.481 1.502NH4C1 458 5.939 16.105Na 371 1.988 4.688NaCl 1,073 5.526 1.963NaOH 566 0.121 16.316 1.948NaHCO3 400 5.128 18.148S(Rhombic) 368.3 4.114 –1.728 –0.783SiO2 (quartz) 847 4.871 5.365 –1.001

From K. K. Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 584, 1960; L. B. Pankratz, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull.672, 1982.

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TABLE 6F1: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases

Species T(K) a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7

1,000–5,000 0.03025078E+02 0.14426885E–02 –0.05630827E–05 0.10185813E–09 –0.06910951E–13 –0.14268350E+05 0.06108217E+02CO300–1,000 0.03262451E+02 0.15119409E–02 –0.03881755E–04 0.05581944E–07 –0.02474951E–10 –0.14310539E+05 0.04848897E+021,000–5,000 0.04453623E+02 0.03140168E–01 –0.12784105E–05 0.02393996E–08 –0.16690333E–13 –0.04896696E+06 –0.09553959E+01CO2 300–1,000 0.02275724E+02 0.09922072E–01 –0.10409113E–04 0.06866686E–07 –0.02117280E–10 –0.04837314E+06 0.10188488E+021,000–5,000 0.02991423E+02 0.07000644E–02 –0.05633828E–06 –0.09231578E–10 0.15827519E–14 –0.08350340E+04 –0.13551101E+01H2 300–1,000 0.03298124E+02 0.08249441E–02 –0.08143015E–05 0.09475434E–09 0.04134872E–11 –0.10125209E+04 –0.03294094E+021,000–5,000 0.02500000E+02 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.02547162E+06 –0.04601176E+01H300–1,000 0.02500000E+02 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.02547162E+06 –0.04601176E+011,000–5,000 0.02882730E+02 0.10139743E–02 –0.02276877E–05 0.02174683E–09 –0.05126305E–14 0.03886888E+05 0.05595712E+02OH300–1,000 0.03637266E+02 0.01850910E–02 –0.16761646E–05 0.02387202E–07 –0.08431442E–11 0.03606781E+05 0.13588605E+011,000–5,000 0.02672145E+02 0.03056293E–01 –0.08730260E–05 0.12009964E–09 –0.06391618E–13 –0.02989921E+06 0.06862817E+02H2O 300–1,000 0,03386842E+02 0.03474982E–01 –0.06354696E–04 0.06968581E–07 –0.02506588E–10 –0.03020811E+06 0.02590232E+021,000–5,000 0.02926640E+02 0.14879768E–02 –0.05684760E–05 0.10097038E–09 –0.06753351E–13 –0.09227977E+04 0.05980528E+02N2 300–1,000 0.03298677E+02 0.14082404E–02 –0.03963222E–04 0.05641515E–07 –0.02444854E–10 –0.10209999E+04 0.03950372E+021,000–5,000 0.02450268E+02 0.10661458E–03 –0.07465337E–06 0.01879652E–09 –0.10259839E–14 0.05611604E+06 0.04448758E+02N300–1,000 0.02503071E+02 –0.02180018E–03 0.05420529E–06 –0.05647560E–09 0.02099904E–12 0.05609890E+06 0.04167566E+021,000–5,000 0.03245435E+02 0.12691383E–02 –0.05015890E–05 0.09169283E–09 –0.06275419E–13 0.09800840E+05 0.06417293E+02NO300–1,000 0.03376541E+02 0.12530634E–02 –0.033027SOE–04 0.052178I0E–07 –0.02446262E–10 0.09817961E+05 0.05829590E+021,000–5,000 0.04682859E+02 0.02462429E–01 –0.10422585E–05 0.01976902E–08 –0.13917168E–13 0.02261292E+05 0.09885995E+01NO2 300–1,000 0.02670600E+02 0.07838500E–01 –0.08063864E–04 0.06161714E–07 –0.02320150E–10 0.02896290E+05 0.11612071E+021,000–5,000 0.03697578E+02 0.06135197E–02 –0.12588420E–06 0.01775281E–09 –0.11364354E–14 –0.12339301E+04 0.03189165E+02O2 300–1,000 0.03212936E+02 0.11274864E–02 –0.05756150E–05 0.13138773E–08 –0.08768554E–11 –0.10052490E+04 0.06034737E+021,000–5,000 0.02542059E+02 –0.02755061E–03 –0.03102803E–07 0.04551067E–10 –0.04368051E–14 0.02923080E+06 0.04920308E+02O300–1,000 0.02946428E+02 –0.16381665E–02 0.02421031E–04 –0.16028431E–08 0.03890696E–11 0.02914764E+06 0.02963995E+02

Table 7F1 adapted from S. R. Turns, An Introduction to Combustion, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 2000. Originally from Kee, R. J.,Rupley, F. K, and Miller, J. A., The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base, Sandia Report, SAND87–8215B, reprinted March 1991.

c R a a T a T a T a TP0 1 2 32

43

54= + + + +

s R a LnT a Ta

Ta

Ta

T a0 1 23 2 4 3 5 4

72 3 4= + + + + +

h

RTa

aT

aT

aT

aT ao = + + + + +1

2 3 2 4 3 5 462 3 4 5

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TABLE6F2: Curve fit for thermodynamic properties of gases (continued)

cP,0/R = A + BT + CT 2 + D T–2 from 298 K to Tmax

(h0– h0,ref) /R = A (T–Tref) + (B/2)(T2–Tref2) + (C/3) (T3 –Tref

3 ) – D (1/T– 1/Tref)(s0– s0,ref) /R = A ln (T/Tref) + B(T–Tref) + (C/2)(T2 –Tref

2 ) – (D/2) (1/T–2– 1/Tref–2)

where href and sref are typically set to zero at Tref.

Chemical Species Tmax A 103B 106C 10–5DParaffins:

Methane CH4 1,500 1.702 9.081 –2.164Ethane C2H6 1,500 1.131 19.225 –5.561Propane C3H8 1,500 1.213 28.785 –8.824n–Butane C4H10 1,500 1.935 36.915 –11.402iso–Butane C4H10 1,500 1.677 37.853 –11.945n–Pentane C5H12 1,500 2.464 45.351 –14.111n–Hexane C6H14 1,500 3.025 53.722 –16.791n–Heptane C7H16 1,500 3.570 62.127 –19.486n–Octane C8H18 1,500 8.163 70.567 –22.208

1–Alkenes:Ethylene C2H4 1,500 1.424 14.394 –4.392Propylene C3H6 1,500 1.637 22.706 –6.9151–Butene C4H8 1,500 1.967 31.630 –9.8731–Pentene C5H10 1,500 2.691 39.753 –12.4471–Hexene C6H12 1,500 3.220 48.189 –15.1571–Heptene C7H14 1,500 3.768 56.588 –17.8471–Octene C8H16 1,500 4.324 64.960 –20.521Miscellaneous organics:

Acetaldehyde C2H4O 1,000 1.693 17.978 –6.158Acetylene C2H2 1,500 6.132 1.952 –1.299Benzene C6H6 1,500 –0.206 39.064 –13.3011,3–Butadiene C4H6 1,500 2.734 26.786 –8.882Cyclohexane C6H12 1,500 –3.876 63.249 –20.928Ethanol C2H6O 1,500 3.518 20.001 –6.002Ethylbenzene C8H10 1,500 1.124 55.380 –18.476Ethylene oxide C2H4O 1,000 –0.385 23.463 –9.296Formaldehyde CH2O 1,500 2.264 7.022 –1.877Methanol CH4O 1,500 2.211 12.216 –3.450Toluene C7H8 1,500 b.290 47.052 –15.716Styrene C8H8 1,500 2.050 50.192 –16.662Miscellaneous inorganics

Air 2,000 3.355 0.575 –0.016Ammonia NH3 1,800 3.578 3.020 –0.186Bromine Br2 3,000 4.493 0.056 –0.154Carbon disulfide CS2 1,800 6.311 0.805 –0.906Chlorine CI2 3,000 4.442 0.089 –0.344Hydrogen sulfide H2S 2,300 3.931 1.490 –0.232Hydrogen chloride HCl 2,000 3.156 0.623 0.151Hydrogen cyanide HCN 2,500 4.736 1.359 –0.725Dinitrogen oxide N2O 2,000 5.328 1.214 –0.928Dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4 2,000 11.660 2.257 –2.787

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Chemical Species Tmax A 103B 106C 10–5DSulfur dioxide SO2 2,000 5.699 0.801 –1.015Sulfur trioxide SO3 2,000 8.060 1.056 –2.028

Table 6F2 adapted from Smith and Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermo-dynamics, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1987 (Selected from H.M. Spencer, Ind.Eng. Chem., 40: 2152, 1948; K.K. Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull., 584, 1960; L.B. Pankratz,U.S. Bur. Mines Bull., 672, 1982).

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TABLE 7: Ideal gas properties of air

T, K h, kJ/kg Pr u, kJ/kg vr s0, kJ/(kg⋅K) g0

, kJ/(kg⋅K)

200 199.97 0.3363 142.56 1707.0 1 .29559 -59.148210 209.97 0.3987 149.69 1512.0 1.34444 -72.3624220 219.97 0.4690 156.82 1346.0 1.39105 -86.061230 230.02 0.5477 164.00 1205.0 1.43557 -100.1611240 240.02 0.6355 171.13 1084.0 1.47824 -114.7576250 250.05 0.7329 178.28 979.0 1.51917 -129.7425260 260.09 0.8405 185.45 887.8 1.55848 -145.1148270 270.11 0.9590 192.60 808.0 1.59634 -160.9018280 280.13 1.0889 199.75 738.0 1.63279 -177.0512285 285.14 1.1584 203.33 706.1 1.65055 -185.26675290 290.16 1.2311 206.91 676.1 1.66802 -193.5658295 295.17 1.3068 210.49 647.9 1.68515 -201.94925300 300.19 1.3860 214.07 621.2 1.70203 -210.419305 305.22 1.4686 217.67 596.0 1.71865 -218.96825310 310.24 1.5546 221.25 572.3 1.73498 -227.6038315 315.27 1.6442 224.85 549.8 1.75106 -236.3139320 320.29 1.7375 228.42 528.6 1.76690 -245.118325 325.31 1.8345 232.02 508.4 1.78249 -253.99925330 330.34 1.9352 235.61 489.4 1.79783 -262.9439340 340.42 2.149 242.82 454.1 1.82790 -281.066350 350.49 2.379 250.02 422.2 1.85708 -299.488360 360.58 2.626 257.24 393.4 1.88543 -318.1748370 370.67 2.892 264.46 367.2 1.91313 -337.1881380 380.77 3.176 271.69 343.4 1.94001 -356.4338390 390.88 3.481 278.93 321.5 1.96633 -375.9887400 400.98 3.806 286.16 301.6 1.99194 -395.796410 411.12 4.153 293.43 283.3 2.01699 -415.8459420 421.26 4.522 300.69 266.6 2.04142 -436.1364430 431.43 4.915 307.99 251.1 2.06533 -456.6619440 441.61 5.332 315.30 236.8 2.08870 -477.418450 451.80 5.775 322.62 223.6 2.11161 -498.4245460 462.02 6.245 329.97 211.4 2.13407 -519.6522470 472.24 6.742 337.32 200.1 2.15604 -541.0988480 482.49 7.268 344.70 189.5 2.17760 -562.758490 492.74 7.824 352.08 179.7 2.19876 -584.6524500 503.02 8.411 359.49 170.6 2.21952 -606.74510 513.32 9.031 366.92 162.1 2.23993 -629.0443520 523.63 9.684 374.36 154.1 2.25997 -651.5544530 533.98 10.37 381.84 146.7 2.27967 -674.2451540 544.35 11.10 389.34 139.7 2.29906 -697.1424550 555.74 11.86 396.86 133.1 2.31809 -719.2095560 565.17 12.66 404.42 127.0 2.33685 -743.466570 575.59 13.50 411.97 121.2 2.35531 -766.9367580 586.04 14.38 419.55 115.7 2.37348 -790.5784590 596.52 15.31 427.15 110.6 2.39140 -814.406

Page 41: lee kesler

T, K h, kJ/kg Pr u, kJ/kg vr s0, kJ/(kg⋅K) g0

, kJ/(kg⋅K)

600 607.02 16.28 434.78 105.8 2.40902 -838.392610 617.53 17.30 442.42 101.2 2.42644 -862.5984620 628.07 18.36 450.09 96.92 2.44356 -886.9372630 683.63 19.84 457.78 92.84 2.46048 -866.4724640 649.22 20.64 465.50 88.99 2.47716 -936.1624650 659.84 21.86 473.25 85.34 2.49364 -961.026660 670.47 23.13 481.01 81.89 2.50985 -986.031670 681.14 24.46 488.81 78.61 2.52589 -1011.2063680 691.82 25.85 496.62 75.50 2.54175 -1036.57690 702.52 27.29 504.45 72.56 2.55731 -1062.0239700 713.27 28.80 512.33 69.76 2.57277 -1087.669710 724.04 30.38 520.23 67.07 2.588 0 -1113.44720 734.82 32.02 528.14 64.53 2.60319 -1139.4768730 745.62 33.72 536.07 62.13 2.61803 -1165.5419740 756.44 35.50 544.02 59.82 2.63280 -1191.832750 767.29 37.35 551.99 57.63 2.64737 -1218.2375760 778.18 39.27 560.01 55.54 2.66176 -1244.7576780 800.03 43.35 576.12 51.64 2.69013 -1298.2714800 821.95 47.75 592.30 48.08 2.71787 -1352.346820 843.98 52.59 608.59 44.84 2.74504 -1406.9528840 866.08 57.60 624.95 41.85 2.77170 -1462.148860 888.27 63.09 641.40 39.12 2.79783 -1517.8638880 910.56 68.98 657.95 36.61 2.82344 -1574.0672900 932.93 75.29 674.58 34.31 2.84856 -1630.774920 955.38 82.05 691.28 32.18 2.87324 -1688.0008940 977.92 89.28 708.08 30.22 2.89748 -1745.7112960 1000.55 97.00 725.02 28.40 2.92128 -1803.8788980 1023.25 105.2 741.98 26.73 2.94468 -1862.5364

1000 1046.04 114.0 758.94 25.17 2.96770 -1921.661020 1068.89 123.4 776.10 23.72 2.99034 -1981.25681040 1091.85 133.3 793.36 23.29 3.01260 -2041.2541060 1114.86 143.9 810.62 21.14 3.03449 -2101.69941080 1137.89 155.2 827.88 19.98 3.05608 -2162.67641100 1161.07 167.1 845.33 18.896 3.07732 -2223.9821120 1184.28 179.7 862.79 17.886 3.09825 -2285.761140 1207.57 193.1 880.35 16.946 3.11883 -2347.89621160 1230.92 207.2 897.91 16.064 3.13916 -2410.50561180 1254.34 222.2 915.57 15.241 3.15916 -2473.46881200 1277.79 238.0 933.33 14.470 3.17888 -2536.8661220 1301.31 254.7 951.09 13.747 3.19834 -2600.66481240 1324.93 272.3 968.95 13.069 3.21751 -2664.78241260 1348.55 290.8 986.90 12.435 3.23638 -2729.28881280 1372.24 310.4 1004.76 11.835 3.25510 -2794.2881300 1395.97 330.9 1022.82 11.275 3.27345 -2859.5151320 1419.76 352.5 1040.88 10.747 3.29160 -2925.1521340 1443.60 375.3 1058.94 10.247 3.30959 -2991.25061360 1467.49 399.1 1077.10 9.780 3.32724 -3057.55641380 1491.44 424.2 1095.26 9.337 3.34474 -3124.3012

Page 42: lee kesler

T, K h, kJ/kg Pr u, kJ/kg vr s0, kJ/(kg⋅K) g0

, kJ/(kg⋅K)

1400 1515.42 450.5 1113.52 8.919 3.36200 -3191.381420 1539.44 478.0 1131.77 8.526 3.37901 -3258.75421440 1563.51 506.9 1150.13 8.153 3.39586 -3326.52841460 1587.63 537.1 1168.49 7.801 3.41247 -3394.57621480 1611.79 568.8 1186.95 7.468 3.42892 -3463.01161500 1635.97 601.9 1205.41 7.152 3.44516 -3531.771520 1660.23 636.5 1223.87 6.854 3.46120 -3600.7941540 1684.51 672.8 1242.43 6.569 3.47712 -3670.25481560 1708.82 710.5 1260.99 6.301 3.49276 -3739.88561580 1733.17 750.0 1279.65 6.046 3.50829 -3809.92821600 1757.57 791.2 1298.30 5.804 3.52364 -3880.2541620 1782.00 834.1 1316.96 5.574 3.53879 -3950.83981640 1806.46 878.9 1335.72 5.355 3.55381 -4021.78841660 1830.96 925.6 1354.48 5.147 3.56867 -4093.03221680 1855.50 974.2 1373.24 4.949 3.58335 -4164.5281700 1880.1 1025 1392.7 4.761 3.5979 -4236.331750 1941.6 1161 1439.8 4.328 3.6336 -4417.21800 2003.3 1310 1487.2 3.994 3.6684 -4599.821850 2065.3 1475 1534.9 3.601 3.7023 -4783.9551900 2127.4 1655 1582.6 3.295 3.7354 -4969.861950 2189.7 1852 1630.6 3.022 3.7677 -5157.3152000 2252.1 2068 1678.7 2.776 3.7994 -5346.72050 2314.6 2303 1726.8 2.555 3.8303 -5537.5152100 2377.7 2559 1775.3 2.356 3.8605 -5729.352150 2440.3 2837 1823.8 2.175 3.8901 -5923.4152200 2503.2 3138 1872.4 2.012 3.9191 -6118.822250 2566.4 3464 1921.3 1.864 '3.9474 -6315.25

Pr, Relative pressure, vr: relative volume. Source: adopted from K. Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th

Ed., McGraw Hill Book Co., 1983, pp 785-786. Originally from J.H . Keenan and J. Keye,Gas Tables, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1948. Pr =0.00368 exp ( - s0 /R), vr = 2.87 T/pr, g

0 =h- Ts0

Page 43: lee kesler

TABLE 8: Ideal gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO

MW = 28.010, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = –110, 541

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 28.687 –2,835 –111,308 186.018 -150,580298 29.072 0 –110,541 197.548 -169,410300 29.078 54 –110,530 197.728 -169,805400 29.433 2,979 –110,121 206.141 -190,018500 29.857 5,943 –110,017 212.752 -210,974600 30.407 8,955 –110,156 218.242 -232,531700 31.089 12,029 –110,477 222.979 -254,597800 31.860 15,176 –110,924 227.180 -277,109900 32.629 18,401 –111,450 230.978 -300,020

1,000 33.255 21,697 –112,022 234.450 -323,2941,100 33.725 25,046 –112,619 237.642 -346,9011,200 34.148 28,440 –113,240 240.595 -370,8151,300 34.530 31,874 –113,881 243.344 -395,0141,400 34.872 35,345 –114,543 245.915 -419,4771,500 35.178 38,847 –115,225 248,332 -444,1921,600 35.451 42,379 –115,925 250.611 -469,1401,700 35.694 45,937 –116,644 252.768 -494,3101,800 35.910 49,517 –117,380 254.814 -519,6891,900 36.101 53,118 –118,132 256.761 -545,2692,000 36.271 56,737 –118,902 258.617 -571,0382,100 36.421 60,371 –119,687 260.391 -596,9912,200 36.553 64,020 –120,488 262.088 -623,1152,300 36.670 67,682 –121,305 263.715 -649,4042,400 36.774 71,354 –122,137 265.278 -675,8542,500 36,867 75,036 –122,984 266.781 -702,4582,600 36.950 78,727 –123,847 268.229 -729,2092,700 37.025 82,426 –124,724 269.625 -756,1032,800 37.093 86,132 –125,616 270.973 -783,1332,900 37.155 89,844 –126,523 272.275 -810,2953,000 37.213 93,562 –127,446 273.536 -837,5873,100 37.268 97,287 –128,383 274'.757 -865,0013,200 37.321 101,016 –129,335 275.941 -892,5363,300 37.372 104,751 –130,303 277.090 -920,1873,400 37.422 108,490 –131,285 278.207 -947,9553,500 37.471 112,235 –132,283 279.292 -975,8283,600 37.521 115,985 –133,295 280.349 -1,003,8123,700 37.570 119,739 –134,323 281.377 -1,031,8973,800 37.619 123,499 –135,366 282.380 -1,060,0863,900 37.667 127,263 –136,424 283.358 -1,088,3744,000 37.716 131,032 –137,497 284.312 -1,116,7574,100 37.764 134,806 –138,585 285.244 -1,145,2354,200 37.810 138,585 –139,687 286.154 -1,173,8034,300 37.855 142,368 –140,804 287.045 -1,202,4674,400 37.897 146,156 –141,935 287.915 -1,231,211

Page 44: lee kesler

4,500 37.936 149,948 –143,079 288.768 -1,260,0494,600 37.970 153,743 –144,236 289.602 -1,288,9674,700 37.998 157,541 –145,407 290.419 -1,317,9694,800 38.019 161,342 –146,589 291.219 -1,347,0504,900 38.031 165,145 –147,783 292.003 -1,376,2115,000 38.033 168,948 –148,987 292.771 -1,405,448

Tables 8 to 19 except for g T0 ( ) adapted from S. R. Turns, An Introduction to Combustion,2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 2000.For Tbles A-8 to A-19,g0= h f,298

0+ ( h ht T t, ,− 298 )-T s 0, g0 ≠ g f0, s k(T,pk) = s 0 - R ln (pk/1), gk(T.pk) = g0 + R T ln

(pk/1)

Page 45: lee kesler

TABLE 9: Ideal gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2

MW = 44.011, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = –393,546

T cp0 h ht T t, ,− 298 h Tf0 ( ) s T0 ( ) g T0 ( )

(K) (kJ/kmol–K) (kJ/kmol) (kJ/kmol) (kJ/kmol–K) (kJ/kmol)200 32.387 –3,423 –393,483 199.876 -436,944298 37.198 0 –393,546 213.736 -457,239300 37.280 69 –393,547 213.966 -457,667400 41.276 4,003 –393,617 225.257 -479,646500 44.569 8,301 –393,712 234.833 -502,662600 47.313 12,899 –393,844 243.209 -526,572700 49.617 17,749 –394,013 250.680 -551,273800 51.550 22,810 –394,213 257.436 -576,685900 53.136 28,047 –394,433 263.603 -602,742

1,000 54.360 33,425 –394,659 269.268 -629,3891,100 55.333 38,911 –394,875 274.495 -656,5801,200 56.205 44,488 –395,083 279.348 -684,2761,300 56.984 50,149 –395,287 283.878 -712,4381,400 57.677 55,882 –395,488 288.127 -741,0421,500 58.292 61,681 –395,691 292.128 -770,0571,600 58.836 67,538 –395,897 295.908 -799,4611,700 59.316 73,446 –396,110 299.489 -829,2311,800 59.738 79,399 –396,332 302.892 -859,3531,900 60.108 85,392 –396,564 306.132 -889,8052,000 60.433 91,420 –396,808 309.223 -920,5722,100 60.717 97,477 –397,065 312.179 -951,6452,200 60.966 103,562 –397,338 315.009 -983,0042,300 61.185 109,670 –397,626 317.724 -1,014,6412,400 61.378 115,798 –397,931 320.333 -1,046,5472,500 61.548 121,944 –398,253 322.842 -1,078,7072,600 61.701 128,107 –398,594 325.259 -1,111,1122,700 61.839 134,284 –398,952 327.590 -1,143,7552,800 61.965 140,474 –399,329 329.841 -1,176,6272,900 62.083 146,677 –399,725 332.018 -1,209,7213,000 62.194 152,891 –400,140 334.124 -1,243,0273,100 62.301 159,116 –400,573 336.165 -1,276,5423,200 62.406 165,351 –401,025 338.145 -1,310,2593,300 62.510 171,597 –401,495 340.067 -1,344,1703,400 62.614 177,853 –401,983 341.935 -1,378,2723,500 62,718 184,120 –402,489 343.751 -1,412,5553,600 62.825 190,397 –403,013 345.519 -1,447,0173,700 62.932 196,685 –403,553 347.242 -1,481,6563,800 63,041 202,983 –404,110 348.922 -1,516,4673,900 63.151 209,293 –404,684 350.561 -1,551,4414,000 63.261 215,613 –405,273 353.161 -1,590,5774,100 63.369 221,945 –405,878 353.725 -1,621,8744,200 63.474 228,287 –406,499 355.253 -1,657,3224,300 63.575 234,640 –407,135 356.748 -1,692,9224,400 63.669 241,002 –407,785 358.210 -1,728,668

Page 46: lee kesler

T cp0 h ht T t, ,− 298 h Tf0 ( ) s T0 ( ) g T0 ( )

(K) (kJ/kmol–K) (kJ/kmol) (kJ/kmol) (kJ/kmol–K) (kJ/kmol)4,500 63.753 247,373 –408,451 359.642 -1,764,5624,600 63.825 253,752 –409,132 361.044 -1,800,5964,700 63.881 260,138 –409,828 362.417 -1,836,7684,800 63.918 266,528 –410,539 363.763 -1,873,0804,900 63.932 272,920 –411,267 365.081 -1,909,5235,000 63.919 279,313 –412,010 366.372 -1,946,093

Page 47: lee kesler

TABLE 10: Ideal gas properties of hydrogen atom, H

MW = 1.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 217,977

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 20.786 –2,040 217,346 106.305 194,676298 20.786 0 217,977 114.605 183,825300 20.786 38 217,989 114.733 183,595400 20.786 2,117 218,617 120.713 171,809500 20.786 4,196 219,236 125.351 159,498600 20.786 6,274 219,848 129.351 146,640700 20.786 8,353 220,456 132.345 133,689800 20.786 10,431 221,059 135.121 120,311900 20.786 12,510 221,653 137.569 106,675

1,000 20.786 14,589 222,234 139.759 92,8071,100 20.786 16,667 222,793 141.740 78,7301,200 20.786 18,746 223,329 143.549 64,4641,300 20.786 20,824 223,843 145.213 50,0241,400 20.786 22,903 224,335 146.753 35,4261,500 20.786 24,982 224,806 148.187 20,6791,600 20.786 27,060 225,256 149.528 5,7921,700 20.786 29,139 225,687 150.789 -9,2251,800 20.786 31,217 226,099 151.977 -24,3651,900 20.786 33,296 226,493 153.101 -39,6192,000 20.786 35,375 226,868 154.167 -54,9822,100 20.786 37,453 227,226 155.181 -70,4502,200 20.786 39,532 227,568 156.148 -86,0172,300 20.786 41,610 227,894 157.072 -101,6792,400 20.786 43,689 228,204 157.956 -117,4282,500 20.786 45,768 228,499 158.805 -133,2682,600 20.786 47,846 228,780 159.620 -149,1892,700 20.786 49,925 229,047 160.405 -165,1922,800 20.786 52,003 229,301 161.161 -181,2712,900 20.786 54,082 229,543 161.890 -197,4223,000 20.786 56,161 229,772 162,595 -213,6473,100 20.786 58,239 229,989 163.276 -229,9403,200 20.786 60,318 230,195 163.936 -246,3003,300 20.786 62,396 230,390 164.576 -262,7283,400 20.786 64,475 230,574 165.196 -279,2143,500 20.786 66,554 230,748 165.799 -295,7663,600 20.786 68,632 230,912 166.954 -314,4253,700 20.786 70,711 231,067 166.954 -329,0423,800 20.786 72,789 231,212 167.508 -345,7643,900 20.786 74,868 231,348 168.048 -362,5424,000 20.786 76,947 231,475 168.575 -379,3764,100 20,786 79,025 231,594 169.088 -396,2594,200 20,786 81,104 231,704 169.589 -413,1934,300 M786 83,182 231,805 170.078 -430,1764,400 20.786 85,261 231,897 170.556 -447,208

Page 48: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 20.786 87,340 231,981 171.023 -464,2874,600 20.786 89,418 232,056 171.480 -481,4134,700 20.786 91,497 232,123 171.927 -498,5834,800 20.786 93,575 232,180 172.364 -515,7954,900 20.786 95,654 232,228 172.793 -533,0555,000 20.786 97,733 232,267 173.213 -550,355

Page 49: lee kesler

TABLE 11: Ideal gas properties of hydrogen, H2

MW = 2.02, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) =0

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 28.522 –2,818 0 119.137 -26,645298 28.871 0 0 130.595 -38,917300 28.877 53 0 130.773 -39,179400 29.120 2,954 0 139.116 -52,692500 29.275 5,04 0 145.632 -67,776600 29.375 8,807 0 150.979 -81,780700 29.461 11,749 0 155.514 -97,111800 29.581 14,701 0 159.455 -112,863906 29.792 17,668 0 162.950 -129,965

1,000 30.160 20,664 0 166.106 -145,4421,100 30.625 23,704 0 169.003 -162,1991,200 31.077 26,789 0 171.687 -179,2351,300 31.516 29,919 0 174.192 -196,5311,400 31.943 33,092 0 176.543 -214,0681,500 32.356 36,307 0 178.761 -231,8351,600 32.758 39,562 0 180.862 -249,8171,700 33.146 42,858 0 182.860 -268,0041,800 33.522 46,191 0 184.765 -286,3861,900 33.885 49,562 0 186.587 -304,9532,000 34.236 52,968 0 188.334 -323,7002,100 34.575 56,408 0 190.013 -342,6192,200 34.901 59,882 0 191.629 -361,7022,300 35.216 63,388 0 193.187 -380,9422,400 35.50 66,925 0 194.692 -400,3362,500 35.811 70,492 0 196.148 -419,8782,600 36.091 74,087 0 197.558 -439,5642,700 36.361 77,710 0 198.926 -459,3902,800 36.621 81,359 0 200.253 -479,3492,900 36.871 85,033 0 201.542 -499,4393,000 37.112 88,733 0 202.796 -519,6553,100 37.343 92,455 0 204.017 -539,9983,200 37.566 96,201 0 205.206 -560,4583,300 37.781 99,968 0 206.365 -581,0373,400 37.989 103,757 0 207.496 -601,7293,500 38.190 107,566 0 208.600 -622,5343,600 38.385 111,395 0 209.679 -643,4493,700 38.574 115,243 0 210.733 -664,4693,800 38.759 119,109 0 211.764 -685,5943,900 38.939 122,994 0 212.774 -706,8254,000 39.116 126,897 0 213.762 -728,1514,100 39.291 130,817 0 214.730 -749,5764,200 39.464 134,755 0 215.679 -771,0974,300 39.636 138,710 0 216.609 -792,709

Page 50: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,406 39.808 142,682 0 217.522 -815,7204,500 39.981 146,672 0 218.419 -836,2144,600 40.156 150,679 0 219,300 -858,1014,700 40.334 154,703 0 220.165 -880,0734,800 40.516 158,746 0 221.016 -902,1314,900 40.702 162,806 0 221.853 -924,2745,000 40.895 166,886 0 222.678 -946,504

Page 51: lee kesler

TABLE12: Ideal gas Properties of water (g), H2O

MW = 18.02, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = –241,845, enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/kmol) = 44,010

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 32.255 –3,227 –240,838 175.602 -280,192298 33.448 0 –241,845 188.715 -298,082300 33.468 62 –241,865 188.922 -298,460400 34.437 3,458 –242,858 198.686 -317,861500 35.337 6,947 –243,822 206.467 -338,132600 36.288 10,528 –244,753 212.992 -359,112700 37.364 14,209 –245,638 218.665 -380,702800 38.587 18,005 –246,461 223.733 -402,826900 39.930 21,930 –247,209 228.354 -425,434

1,000 41.315 25,993 –247,879 232.633 -448,4851,100 42.638 30,191 –248,475 236.634 -471,9511,200 43.874 34,518 –249,005 240.397 -495,8031,300 45.027 38,963 –249,477 243.955 -520,0241,400 46.102 43,520 –249,895 247.332 -544,5901,500 47.103 48,181 –250,267 250.547 -569,4851,600 48.035 52,939 –250,597 253.617 -594,6931,700 48.901 57,786 –250,890 256.556 -620,2041,800 49.705 62,717 –251,151 259.374 -646,0011,900 50.451 67,725 –251,384 262.081 -672,0742,000 51.143 72,805 –251,594 264.687 -698,4142,100 51.784 77,952 –251,783 267.198 -725,0092,200 52.378 83,160 –251,955 269.621 -751,8512,300 52.927 88,426 –252,113 271.961 -778,9292,400 53.435 93,744 –252,261 274.225 -806,2412,500 53.905 99,112 –252,399 276.416 -833,7732,600 54.340 104,524 –252,532 278.539 -861,5222,700 54.742 109,979 –252,659 280.597 -889,4782,800 55.115 115,472 –252,785 282.595 -917,6392,900 55.459 121,001 –252,909 284.535 -945,9963,000 55.779 126,563 –253,034 286.420 -974,5423,100 56.076 132,156 –253,161 288.254 -1,003,2763,200 56.353 137,777 –253,290 290.039 -1,032,1933,300 56.610 143,426 –253,423 291.777 -1,061,2833,400 56.851 149,099 –253,561 293.471 -1,090,5473,500 57.076 154,795 –253,704 295.122 -1,119,9773,600 57.288 160,514 –253,852 296.733 -1,149,5703,700 57.488 166,252 –254,007 298.305 -1,179,3223,800 57.676 172,011 –254,169 299.841 -1,209,2303,900 57.856 177,787 –254,338 301.341 -1,239,2884,000 58.026 183,582 –254,515 302.808 -1,269,4954,100 58.190 189,392 –254,699 304.243 -1,299,8494,200 58.346 195,219 –254,892 305.647 -1,330,3434,300 58.496 201,061 –255,093 307.022 -1,360,9794,400 58.641 206,918 –255,303 308.368 -1,391,746

Page 52: lee kesler

4,500 58.781 212,790 –255,522 309.688 -1,422,6514,600 58.916 218,674 –255,751 310.981 -1,453,6844,700 59.047 224,573 –255,990 312.250 -1,484,8474,800 59.173 230,484 –256,239 313.494 -1,516,1324,900 59.295 236,407 –256,501 314.716 -1,547,5465,000 59.412 242,343 –256,774 315–915 -1,579,077

Page 53: lee kesler

TABLE 13: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen atom, N

MW = 14.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 472,629

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 20.790 –2,040 472,008 144.889 441,611298 20.786 0 472,629 153.189 426,979300 20.786 38 472,640 153.317 426,672400 20.786 2,117 473,259 159.297 411,027500 20.786 4,196 473,864 163.935 394,858600 20.786 6,274 474,450 167.725 378,268700 20.786 8,353 475,010 170.929 361,332800 20.786 10,431 475,537 173.705 344,096900 20.786 12,510 476,027 176.153 326,601

1,000 20.786 14,589 476,483 178.343 308,8751,100 20.792 16,668 476,911 180.325 290,9401,200 20.795 18,747 477,316 182.134 272,8151,300 20.795 20,826 477,700 183.798 254,5181,400 20.793 22,906 478,064 185.339 236,0601,500 20.790 24,985 478,411 186.774 217,4531,600 20.786 27,064 478,742 188.115 198,7091,700 20.782 29,142 479,059 189.375 179,8341,800 20.779 31,220 479,363 190.563 160,8361,900 20.777 33,298 479,656 191.687 141,7222,000 20.776 35,376 479,939 192.752 122,5012,100 20.778 37,453 480,213 193.766 103,1732,200 20.783 39,531 480,479 194.733 83,7472,300 20.791 41,610 480,740 195.657 64,2282,400 20.802 43,690 480,995 196.542 44,6182,500 20.818 45,771 481,246 197.391 24,9232,600 20.838 47,853 481,494 198.208 5,1412,700 20.864 49,938 481,740 198.995 -14,7202,800 20.895 52,026 481,985 199,754 -34,6562,900 20.931 54,118 482,230 200.488 -54,6683,000 20,974 56,213 482,476 201.199 -74,7553,100 21.024 58,313 482,723 201.887 -94,9083,200 21.080 60,418 482,972 202.555 -115,1293,300 21.143 62,529 483,224 203.205 -135,4193,400 21.214 64,647 483,481 203.837 -155,7703,500 21.292 66,772 483,742 204.453 -176,1853,600 21.378 68,905 484,009 205.054 -196,6603,700 21.472 71,048 484,283 205.641 -217,1953,800 21.575 73,200 484,564 206.215 -237,7883,900 21.686 75,363 484,853 206.777 -258,4384,000 21.905 77,537 485,151 207.328 -279,1464,100 21–934 79,724 485,459 207.868 -299,9064,200 22.071 81,924 485,779 208.398 -320,7194,300 22.217 84,139 486,110 208.919 -341,5844,400 22.372 86,368 486,453 209.431 -362,499

Page 54: lee kesler

4,500 22.536 88,613 486,811 209.936 -383,4704,600 22.709 90,875 487,184 210.433 -404,4884,700 22.891 93,155 487,573 210.923 -425,5544,800 23.082 95,454 487,979 211.407 -446,6714,900 23.282 97,772 488,405 211.885 -467,8365,000 23.491 100,111 488,850 212.358 -489,050

Page 55: lee kesler

TABLE 14: Ideal gas properties of nitric oxide, NO

MW = 30.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 90,297

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 29.374 –2,901 90,234 198.856 47,625298 29.728 0 90,297 210.652 27,523300 29.735 55 90,298 210,836 27,101400 30.103 3,046 90,341 219.439 5,567500 30.570 6,079 90,367 226.204 -16,726600 31.174 9,165 90,382 231.829 -39,635700 31.908 12,318 90,393 236.688 -63,067800 32.715 15,549 90,405 241.001 -86,955900 33.489 18,860 90,421 244.900 -111,253

1,000 34.076 22,241 90,443 248.462 -135,9241,100 34.483 25,669 90,465 251.729 -160,9361,200 34.850 29,136 90,486 254.745 -186,2611,300 35.180 32,638 90,505 257.548 -211,8771,400 35.474 36,171 90,520 260.166 -237,7641,500 35.737 39,732 90,532 262.623 -263,9061,600 35.972 43,317 90,538 264.937 -290,2851,700 36.180 46,925 90,539 267.124 -316,8891,800 36.364 50,552 90,534 269.197 -343,7061,900 36.527 54,197 90,523 271.168 -370,7252,000 36.671 57,857 90,505 273.045 -397,9362,100 36.797 61,531 90,479 274.838 -425,3322,200 36.909 65,216 90,447 276.552 -452,9012,300 37.008 68,912 90,406 278.195 -480,6402,400 37.095 72,617 90,358 279.772 -508,5392,500 37.173 76,331 90,303 281.288 -536,5922,600 37.242 80,052 90,239 282.747 -564,7932,700 37.305 83,779 90,168 284.154 -593,1402,800 37.362 87,513 90,089 285.512 -621,6242,900 37.415 91,251 90,003 286.824 -650,2423,000 37.464 94,995 89,909 288.093 -678,9873,100 37.511 98,744 89,809 289.322 -707,8573,200 37.556 102,498 89,701 290.514 -736,8503,300 37.600 106,255 89,586 291.670 -765,9593,400 37.643 110,018 89,465 292.793 -795,1813,500 37.686 113,784 89,337 293.885 -824,5173,600 37.729 117,555 89,203 294.947 -853,9573,700 37.771 121,330 89,063 295.981 -883,5033,800 37.815 125,109 88,918 296.989 -913,1523,900 37.858 128,893 88,767 297.972 -942,9014,000 37.900 132,680 88,611 298.931 -972,7474,100 37.943 136,473 88,449 299.867 -1,002,6854,200 37.984 140,269 88,283 300.782 -1,032,7184,300 38.023 144,069 88,112 301.677 -1,062,8454,400 38.060 147,873 87,936 302.551 -1,093,054

Page 56: lee kesler

4,500 38.093 151,681 87,755 303.407 -1,123,3544,600 38.122 155,492 87,569 304.244 -1,153,7334,700 38.146 159,305 87,379 305.064 -1,184,1994,800 38.162 163,121 87 184 305.868 -1,214,7484,900 38.171 166,938 86:984 306.655 -1,245,3755,000 38.170 170,755 86,779 307.426 -1,276,078

Page 57: lee kesler

TABLE 15: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen dioxide, NO2

MW = 46.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 33,098

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 32.936 –3,432 33,961 226.016 -15,537298 36.881 0 33,098 239.925 -38,400300 36.949 68 33,085 240.153 -38,880400 40.331 3,937 32,521 251.259 -63,469500 43.227 8,118 32,173 260.578 -89,073600 45.737 12,569 31,974 268.686 -115,545700 47.913 17,255 31,885 275.904 -142,780800 49,762 22,141 31,880 282.427 -170,703900 51.243 27,195 31,938 288.377 -199,246

1,000 52.271 32,375 32,035 293.834 -228,3611,100 52.989 37,638 32,146 298.850 -257,9991,200 53.625 42,970 32,267 303.489 -288,1191,300 54.186 48,361 32,392 307.804 -318,6861,400 54.679 53,805 32,519 311.838 -349,6701,500 55.109 59,295 32,643 315.625 -381,0451,600 55.483 64,825 32,762 319.194 -412,7871,700 55.805 70,390 32,873 322.568 -444,8781,800 56.082 75,984 32,973 325.765 -477,2951,900 56.318 81,605 33,061 328.804 -510,0252,000 56.517 87,247 33,134 331.698 -543,0512,100 56.685 92,907 33,192 334.460 -576,3612,200 56.826 98,583 32,233 337.100 -609,9392,300 56.943 104,271 33,256 339.629 -643,7782,400 57.040 109,971 33,262 342.054 -677,8612,560 57.121 115,679 33,248 344.384 -732,8462,600 57.188 121,394 33,216 346.626 -746,7362,700 57.244 127,116 33,165 348.785 -781,5062,800 57.291 132,843 33,095 350.868 -816,4892,900 57.333 138,574 33,007 352.879 -851,6773,000 57.371 144,309 32,900 354.824 -887,0653,100 57.406 150,049 32,776 356.705 -922,6393,200 57.440 155,791 32,634 358.529 -958,4043,300 57.474 161,536 32,476 360.297 -994,3463,400 57.509 167,285 32,302 362.013 -1,030,4613,500 57.546 173,038 32,113 363.680 -1,066,7443,600 57.584 178,795 31,908 365.302 -1,103,1943,700 57.624 184,555 31,689 366.880 -1,139,8033,800 57.665 190,319 31,456 368.418 -1,176,5713,900 57.708 196,088 31,210 369.916 -1,213,4864,000 57.750 201,861 30,951 371.378 -1,250,5534,100 57.792 207,638 30,678 372.804 -1,287,7604,200 57.831 213,419 30,393 374.197 -1,325,1104,300 57.866 20,204 30,095 375.559 -1,561,6024,400 57.895 224,992 29,783 376.889 -1,400,222

Page 58: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 57.915 230,783 29,457 378.190 -1,437,9744,600 57.925 236,575 29,117 379.464 -1,475,8614,700 57.922 242,367 28,761 380.709 -1,513,8674,800 57.902 ~48,159 28,389 381.929 -1,552,0024,900 57.862 253,947 27,998 383.122 -1,590,2535,000 57,798 259,730 27,586 384.290 -1,628,622

Page 59: lee kesler

TABLE 16: Ideal gas properties of nitrogen, N2

MW = 28.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 0

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 28.793 –2,841 0 179.959 -38,833298 29.071 0 0 191.511 -57,070300 29.075 54 0 191.691 -57,453400 29.319 2,973 0 200.088 -77,062500 29.636 5,920 0 206.662 -97,411600 30.086 8,905 0 212.103 -118,357700 30.684 11,942 0 216.784 -139,807800 31.394 15,046 0 220.927 -161,696900 32.131 18,222 0 224.667 -183,978

1,000 32.762 21,468 0 228.087 -206,6191,100 33.258 24,770 0 231.233 -229,5861,200 33.707 M,118 0 234.146 -252,8571,300 34.113 31,510 0 236.861 -276,4091,400 34.477 34,939 0 239.402 -300,2241,500 34.805 38,404 0 241.792 -324,2841,600 35.099 41,899 0 244.048 -348,5781,700 35.361 45,423 0 246.184 -373,0901,800 35.595 48,971 0 248.212 -397,8111,900 35.803 52,541 0 250.142 -422,7292,000 35.988 56,130 0 251.983 -447,8362,100 36.152 59,738 0 253.743 -473,1222,200 36.298 63,360 0 255.429 -498,5842,300 36.428 66,997 0 257.045 -524,2072,400 36–543 70,645 0 259.598 -552,3902,500 36–645 74,305 0 260.092 -575,9252,600 36–737 77,974 0 261.531 -602,0072,700 36.820 81,652 0 262.919 -628,2292,800 36.895 85,338 0 264.259 -654,5872,900 36.964 89,031 0 265.555 -681,0793,000 37.028 92,730 0 266.810 -707,7003,100 37.088 96,436 0 268.025 -734,4423,200 37.144 100,148 0 269.203 -761,3023,300 37.198 103,865 0 270.347 -788,2803,400 37.251 107,587 0 271.458 -815,3703,506 37.302 111,315 0 272.539 -844,2073,600 37.352 115,048 0 273.590 -869,8763,700 37.402 118,786 0 274.614 -897,2863,800 37.452 122,528 0 275.612 -924,7983,900 37.501 126,276 0 276.586 -952,4094,000 37.549 130,028 0 277.536 -980,1164,100 37.597 133,786 0 278.464 -1,007,9164,200 37.643 137,548 0 279.370 -1,035,8064,300 37.688 141,314 0 280.257 -1,063,7914400 37.730 145,085 0 281.123 -1,091,856

Page 60: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 37.768 148,860 0 281.972 -1,120,0144,600 37.803 152,639 0 282.802 -1,148,2504,700 37.832 156,420 0 283.616 -1,176,5754,800 37.854 160,205 0 284.412 -1,204,9734,900 37.868 163,991 0 285.193 -1,233,4555,000 37.873 167,778 0 285.958 -1,262,012

Page 61: lee kesler

TABLE 17: Ideal gas properties of oxygen atom, O

MW = 16.00, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 249,197

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 22.477 –2,176 248,439 152.085 216,604298 21.899 0 249,197 160.945 201,235300 21.890 41 249,211 161.080 200,914400 21.500 2,209 249,890 167.320 184,478500 21.256 4,345 250,494 172.089 167,498600 21.113 6,463 251,033 175.951 150,089700 21.033 8,570 251,516 179.199 132,328800 20.986 10,671 251,949 182.004 114,265900 20.952 12,768 252,340 184.474 95,938

1,000 20.915 14,861 252,698 186,679 77,3791,100 20.898 16,952 253,033 188,672 58,6101,200 20.882 19,041 253,350 190.490 39,6501,300 20–867 21,128 253,650 192.160 20,5171,400 20.854 23,214 253,934 193.706 1,2231,500 20.843 25,299 254,201 195,145 -18,2221,600 20.834 27,383 254,454 196.490 -37,8041,700 20.827 29,466 254,692 197.753 -57,5171,800 20.822 31,548 254,916 198.943 -77,3521,900 20.820 33,630 255,127 200.069 -97,3042,000 20.819 35,712 255,325 201.136 -117,3632,100 20.821 37,794 255,512 202.152 -137,5282,200 20.925 39,877 255,687 203.121 -157,7922,300 20.831 41,959 255,852 204.047 -178,1522,400 20.840 44,043 256,007 204.933 -198,5992,500 20.851 46,127 256,152 205.784 -219,1362,600 20–865 48,213 256,288 206.602 -239,7552,700 20.881 50,300 256,416 207.390 -260,4562,800 20–899 52,389 256,535 208.150 -281,2342,900 20.920 54,480 256,648 208.884 -302,0873,000 20.944 56,574 256,753 209.593 -323,0083,100 20.970 58,669 256,852 210.280 -344,0023,200 20.998 60,768 256,945 210.947 -365,0653,300 21.028 62,869 257,032 211.593 -386,1913,400 21.061 64,973 257,114 212.221 -407,3813,500 21.095 67,081 257,192 212.832 -428,6343,600 21.132 69,192 257,265 213.427 -449,9483,700 21.171 71,308 257,334 214.007 -471,3213,800 21.212 73,427 257,400 214.572 -492,7503,900 21.254 75,550 257,462 215.123 -514,2334,000 21.299 77,678 257,522 215.662 -535,7734,100 21.345 79,810 257,579 216.189 -557,3684,200 21.392 81,947 257,635 216.703 -579,0094,300 21,441 84,088 257,688 217.207 -600,7054,400 21.490 86,235 257,740 217.701 -622,452

Page 62: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 21.541 88,386 257,790 218.184 -644,2454,600 2L593 90,543 257,840 218.658 -666,0874,700 21.646 92,705 257,889 219.123 -687,9764,800 21.699 94,872 257,938 219.580 -709,9154,900 21.752 97,045 257,987 220.028 -731,8955,000 21.805 99,223 258,036 220.468 -753,920

Page 63: lee kesler

TABLE 18: Ideal gas properties of hydroxyl, OH

MW = 17.01, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 38,985

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 30.140 –2,948 38,864 171.607 1,716298 29.932 0 38,985 183.604 -15,729300 29.928 55 38,987 183.789 -16,097400 29.718 3,037 39,030 192.369 -34,926500 29.570 6,001 39,000 198.983 -54,506600 29.527 8,955 38,909 204.369 -74,681700 29.615 11,911 38,770 208.925 -95,352800 29.844 14,883 38,599 212.893 -116,446900 30.208 17,884 38,410 216.428 -137,916

1,000 30.682 20,928 38,220 219.635 -159,7221,100 31.186 24,022 38,039 222.583 -181,8341,200 31.662 27,164 37,867 225.317 -204,2311,300 32.114 30,353 37,704 227.869 -226,8921,400 32.540 33,586 37,548 230.265 -249,8001,500 32.943 36,860 37,397 232.524 -272,9411,600 33.323 40,174 37,252 234.662 -296,3001,700 33.682 43,524 37,109 236.693 -319,8691,800 34.019 46,910 36,969 238.628 -343,6351,900 34.337 50,328 36,831 240.476 -367,5912,000 34.635 53,776 36,693 242.245 -391,7292,100 34.915 57,254 36,555 243.942 -416,0392,200 35.178 60,759 36,416 245.572 -440,5142,300 35.425 64,289 36,276 247.141 -465,1502,400 35.656 67,843 36,133 248.654 -489,9422,500 35.872 71,420 35,986 250.114 -514,8802,600 36.074 75,017 35,836 251.525 -539,9632,700 36.263 78,634 35,682 252.890 -565,1842,800 36.439 82,269 35,524 254.212 -590,5402,900 36.604 85,922 35,360 255.493 -616,0233,000 36.759 89,590 35,191 256.737 -641,6363,100 36.903 93,273 35,016 257.945 -667,3723,200 37.039 96,970 34,835 259.118 -693,2233,300 37.166 100,681 34,648 260.260 -719,1923,400 37.285 104,403 34,454 261.371 -745,2733,500 37.398 108,137 34,253 262.454 -771,4673,600 37.504 111,882 34,046 263.509 -797,7653,700 37.605 115,638 33,831 264.538 -824,1683,800 37.701 119,403 33,610 265.542 -850,6723,900 37.793 123,178 33,381 266.522 -877,2734,000 37.882 126,962 33,146 267,480 60,0274,100 37.968 130,754 32,903 268.417 -930,7714,200 38.052 134,555 32,654 269.333 -957,6594,300 38.135 138,365 32,397 270.229 -984,6354,400 38.217 142,182 32,134 271.107 -1,011,704

Page 64: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 38.300 146,008 31,864 271.967 -1,038,8594,600 38.382 149,842 31,588 272.809 -1,066,0944,700 38.466 153,685 31,305 273.636 -1,093,4194,800 38.552 157,536 31,017 274.446 -1,120,8204,900 38.640 161,395 30,722 275.242 -1,148,3065,000 38.732 165,264 30,422 276.024 -1,175,871

Page 65: lee kesler

TABLE 19: Ideal gas properties of oxygen, O2

MW = 32.0, hf,298 0(kJ/kmol) = 0

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

200 28.473 –2,836 0 193.518 -41,540298 29.315 0 0 205.043 -61,103300 29.331 54 0 205.224 -61,513

4010 30.210 3,031 0 213.782 -854,235500 31.114 6,097 0 220.620 -104,213600 32.030 9,254 0 226.374 -126,570700 32.927 12,503 0 231.379 -149,462800 33.757 15,838 0 235.831 -172,827900 34.454 19,250 0 239.849 -196,614

1,000 34.936 22,721 0 243.507 -220,7861,100 35.270 26,232 0 246.852 -245,3051,200 35.593 29,775 0 249–935 -270,1471,300 35.903 33,350 0 252.796 -295,2851,400 36.202 36,955 0 255.468 -320,7001,500 36.490 40,590 0 257.976 -346,3741,600 36.768 44,253 0 260.339 -372,2891,700 37.036 47,943 0 262.577 -398,4381,800 37.296 51,660 0 264.701 -424,8021,900 37.546 55,402 0 266.724 -451,3742,000 37.788 59,169 0 268.656 -478,1432,100 38.023 62,959 0 270.506 -505,1042,200 38,250 66,773 0 272.280 -532,2432,300 38.470 70,609 0 273.985 -559,5572,400 38.684 74,467 0 275.627 -587,0382,500 38.891 78,346 0 277.210 -614,6792,600 39.093 82,245 0 278.739 -642,4762,700 39.289 86,164 0 280.218 -670,4252,800 39.480 90,103 0 281.651 -698,5202,900 39.665 94,060 0 283.039 -726,7533,000 39.846 98,036 0 284.387 -755,1253,100 40.023 102,029 0 285.697 -783,6323,200 40.195 106,040 0 286.970 -812,2643,300 40.362 110,W 0 288.209 -841,0223,400 40.526 114,112 0 289.417 -869,9063,500 40.686 118,173 0 290.594 -898,9063,600 40.842 122,249 0 291.742 -928,0223,700 40.1994 126,341 0 292.863 -957,2523,800 41.143 130,448 0 293.959 -986,5963,900 41.287 134,570 0 295.029 -1,016,0434,000 41.429 138,705 0 296.076 -1,045,5994,100 41.566 142,855 0 297,101 -1,075,2594,200 41.700 147,019 0 298–104 -1,105,0184,300 41.830 151,195 0 299.087 -1,134,8794,400 41,957 155,384 0 300.050 -1,164,836

Page 66: lee kesler

T(K)

cp0

(kJ/kmol–K)h ht T t, ,− 298

(kJ/kmol)h Tf

0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

s T0 ( )

(kJ/kmol–K)

g T0 ( )(kJ/kmol)

4,500 42.079 159,586 0 300.994 -1,194,8874,600 42.197 163,800 0 301.921 -1,225,0374,700 42.312 168,026 0 302.829 -1,255,2704,800 42.421 172,262 0 303.721 -1,285,5994,900 42.527 176,510 0 304.597 -1,316,0155,000 42.627 180,767 0 305.457 -1,346,518

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TABLE 20A Constants for the Benedict–Webb–Rubin

Units are P in bar(s), v in m3/kmol, R =0.08314 bar m3/kmole K and T in K

P = R T/ v + (B2 R T–A2–C2/T2)/ v2 + (B3 R T–A3)/ v3 + A3C6/ v6+ {D3/( v3T2)}(1+E2/ v2)

exp(–E2/ v2)

A2 B2 C2x10–6 A3 B3 D3x10–6 C6x1000 E2x100Ammonia 3.839578 0.051646 0.180933 0.104914 0.00072 0.00016 0.004652 1.98Argon 0.83412 0.022283 0.013312 0.029211 0.0021529 0.000809 0.0356 0.2338Benzene 6.5944 0.0503 3.4746 5.6424 0.07633 1.1917 0.7001 2.930Carbon dioxide 2.708886 0.045628 0.114834 0.052375 0.003082 0.007161 0.11271 0.494Carbon Monoxide 1.3587 0.0426 0.008673 0.0371 0.002632 0.001054 0.135 0.6Ethane 4.21072 0.062772 0.181976 0.349742 0.011122 0.033202 0.243389 1.18Ethylene 3.383909 0.055683 0.132881 0.262438 0.0086 0.0214 0.178 0.923Helium 0.04149 0.023661 1.64x10–7 –5.81x10–4 –1.97x10–7 –5.59x10–9 –0.007263 0.00779i–Butane 10.36847 0.137544 0.861225 1.96335 0.039998 0.289806 1.07408 3.4i–Butylene 9.072094 0.116025 0.939589 1.715169 0.034816 0.278569 0.910889 2.95945i–Pentane 12.96575 0.160053 1.7695 3.806059 0.066812 0.704225 1.7 4.63Methane 1.879623 0.0426 0.02287 0.500557 0.0338 0.002579 0.124359 0.6n–Butane 10.21856 0.124361 1.006009 1.907296 0.039983 0.3206 1.10132 3.4n–Heptane 17.75317 0.199005 4.808734 10.50233 0.151954 2.502787 4.35611 9n–Hexane 14.62894 0.177813 3.363411 7.211176 0.109131 1.53284 2.81086 6.66849Nitrogen 1.208329 0.0458 0.005967 0.015098 0.001982 0.000555 0.291545 0.75n–Pentane 12.34107 0.156751 2.149367 4.128888 0.066812 0.83511 1.81 4.75Oxygen 1.518695 0.046524 0.003913 –0.04104 –2.80E–05 –0.00021 0.008641 0.359Propane 6.963471 0.097313 0.515003 0.96028 0.0225 0.130712 0.607175 2.2Propylene 6.193333 0.085065 0.445012 0.784331 0.018706 0.103973 0.455696 1.829Sulfurdioxide 2.148 0.026182 0.80146 0.8557 0.014653 0.1148 0.071955 0.59236

Sources: H. W. Cooper and J. Goldfrank, Hydrocarbon Processing, 46(12), 141 (1967); E. P.Gyftopoulos, and G. P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Application, MacmillanPublishing Co., NY, 1991.

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TABLE 20B: Beatie Bridgemann Equation

P v2 = R T ( v + B0 ( 1– ( b/ v) ) ( 1– c/( vT3))–A0 (1–(a/ v2))May be used when ρ < 0.8 ρc. Units: atm, m3/kmol, K

Gas Ao a Bo b c×10–4

Air 1.3012 0.01931 0.04611 –0.01101 4.34

Ar 1.2907 0.02328 0.03931 0.0 5.99CH4 2.2769 0.01855 0.05587 –0.01587 12.83C2H4 6.1520 0.04964 0.12156 0.03597 22.68C2H6 5.8800 0.05861 0.09400 0.01915 90.00C3H8 11.9200 0.07321 0.18100 0.04293 120.001–C4H8 16.6979 0.11988 0.24046 0.10690 300.00Iso–C4H8 16.9600 0.10860 0.24200 0.08750 250.00n–C4H10 17.7940 0.12161 0.24620 0.09423 350.00Iso–C4H12 16.6037 0.11171 0.23540 0.07697 300.00n–C5H12 28.2600 0.15099 0.39400 0.13960 400.00Neo–C5H12 23.3300 0.15174 0.33560 0.13358 400.00n–C7H16 54.520 0.20066 0.70816 0.19179 400.00CH3OH 33.309 0.09246 0.60362 0.09929 32.03(C2H5)2O 31.278 0.12426 0.45446 0.11954 33.33CO 1.3445 0.02617 0.05046 –0.00691 4.20CO2 5.0065 0.07132 0.10476 0.07235 66.00H2 0.1975 –0.00506 0.02096 –0.04359 0.0504He 0.0216 0.05984 0.01400 0.0 0.0040I2 17.0 0.0 0.325 0.0 4000.Kr 2.4230 0.02865 0.05261 0.0 14.89N2 1.3445 0.02617 0.05046 –0.00691 4.20Ne 0.2125 0.02196 0.02060 0.0 0.101NH3 2.3930 0.17031 0.03415 0.19112 476.87N2O 5.0065 0.07132 0.10476 0.07235 66.0O2 1.4911 0.02562 0.04624 0.004208 4.80Xe 4.6715 0.03311 0.07503 0.0 30.02

Equation from J. A. Beatie and O.C. Bridgemann, Pro. Roy Am. Acad. Sc., 63,229 (1928).Source: adapted from G. J. Wiley, and R. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermdynam-ics, John Wiley & Sons, 1965.

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TABLE 21: Lee Kesler Constants

Lee Kesler constants for simple (e.g.: Ar, He etc) and reference (octane) fluids. This is a modi-fied form of BWR equation of state applicable for any substance. The equation has 12 con-stants.

PR = (TR/vR’ )(1 + A/vR + B/vR2 + C/vR

5 + {b4 /(TR 3 vR2)} { β + γ/vr

2} exp { - γ /vR2})

where A = a1 - a2/TR - a3/TR 2 - a4/TR 3

B = b1 - b2/TR + b3/TR 3

C = c1 + c2/TR

Z = PR vR ‘/TR = PR vR’/TR = 1 + A/vR + B/vR2 + C/Vr

5 + (b4 /(TR 3 vr2)) ( β + γ/vr

2) exp ( – γ/vR

2),wref =w octane = 0.398, z(1) = {z(ref) (PR,TR) – z(0) (PR,TR)} /wref , z(PR,TR) = z(0) (PR,TR)+ w z(1)

(PR,TR)

Simple Reference (Octane)

a1 0.1181193 0.2026579a2 0.265728 0.331511a3 0.154790 0.027655a4 0.030323 0.203488b1 0.0236744 0.0313885b2 0.0186984 0.0503618b3 0.0 0.016901b4 0.042724 0.041577c1 0.155488x10–4 0.48736x10–4

c2 0.623689x10–4 0.740336x10–5

ββββ 0.65392 1.226

γγγγ 0.060167 0.03754

Adapted from R. Sonntag, C. Borgnakke and G. J. Wylen, Fundamentals of Classical Thermo-dynamics, 5th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

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TABLE 22: Pitzer generalized saturation data

TR–(logPR)(0)

(∂Iog PR/∂ω) Vaporization

Vapor Liquid

∆sfg(O)/R ∆sfg

(1)/R Z(0) Z(1) Z(0) Z(1)

1.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.291 –0.090 0.291 –0.0800.99 0.025 0.021 1.29 1.42 0.43 –0.030 0.202 –0.0900.98 0.050 0.042 1.70 1.97 0.47 0.000 0.179 –0.0930.97 0.076 0.064 2.01 2.38 0.51 +0.020 0.162 –0.0950.96 0.102 0.086 2.28 2.71 0.54 0.035 0.148 –0.0950.95 0.129 0.109 2.52 3.00 0.565 0.045 0.136 –0.0950.94 0.156 0.133 2.74 3.28 0.59 0.055 0.125 –0.0940.92 0.212 0.180 3.14 3.80 0.63 0.075 0.108 –0.0920.90 0.270 0.230 3.50 4.29 0.67 0.095 0.0925 –0.0870.89 0.330 0.285 3.82 4.73 0.70 0.110 0.0790 –0.0800.86 0.391 0.345 4.12 5.18 0.73 0.125 0.0680 –0.0750.84 0.455 0.405 4.42 5.64 0.756 0.135 0.0585 –0.0680.82 0.522 0.475 4.72 6.09 0.781 0.140 0.0498 –0.0620.80 0.592 0.545 5.02 6.54 0.804 0.144 0.0422 –0.0570.78 0.665 0.620 5.32 7.00 0.826 0.144 0.0360 –0.0530.76 0.742 0.705 5.64 7.50 0.846 0.142 0.0300 –0.0480.74 0.823 0.800 5.96 9.05 0.864 0.137 0.0250 –0.0430.72 0.909 0.895 6.29 8.56 0.881 0.131 0.0210 –0.0370.70 1.000 1.00 6.64 9.11 0.897 0.122 0.0172 –0.0320.68 1.096 1.12 6.99 9.72 0.911 0.113 0.0138 –0.0270.66 1.198 1.25 7.36 10.3 0.922 0.104 0.0111 –0.0220.64 1.308 1.39 7.73 11.0 0.932 0.097 0.0088 –0.0180.62 1.426 1.54 8.11 11.7 0.940 0.090 0.0068 –0.0150.60 1.552 1.70 8.52 12.4 0.947 0.083 0.0052 –0.0120.58 1.688 1.88 8.93 13.2 0.953 0.077

From G. N. Lewis, and M.Randall, Thermodynamics, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Inc., NY 1961.Original source K.S. Pitzer et al., J. Am. Chem.Soc., 77, 3439, 1955.

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TABLE 23A: Lee–Kesler values for Z(0) (TR,PR)

PR

TR 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 0.0029 0.0145 0.029 0.0579 0.1158 0.1737 0.2315

0.35 0.0026 0.013 0.0261 0.0522 0.1043 0,1564 0.20840.4 0.0024 0.0119 0.0239 0.0477 0.0953 0.1429 0.1904

0.45 0.0022 0.011 0.0221 0.0442 0.0882 0.1322 0.17620.5 0.0021 0.0103 0.0207 0.0412 0.0825 0.1236 0.1647

0.55 0.9804 0.0098 0.0195 0.039 0.0778 0.1166 0.15530.6 0.9849 0.0093 0.0186 0.0371 0.0741 0.1109 0.1476

0.65 0.9881 0.9377 0.0178 0.0356 0.071 0.1063 0.14150.7 0.9904 0.9504 0.8958 0.0344 0.0687 0.1027 0.1366

0.75 0.9922 0.9598 0.9165 0.0336 0.067 0.1001 0.1330.8 0.9935 0.9669 0.9319 0.8539 0.0661 0.0985 0.1307

0.85 0.9946 0.9725 0.9436 0.881 0.0661 0.0983 0.13010.9 0.9954 0.9768 0.9528 0.9015 0.78 0.1006 0.1321

0.93 0.9959 0.979 0.9573 0.9115 0.8059 0.6635 0.13590.95 0.9961 0.9803 0.96 0.9174 0.8206 0.6967 0.1410.97 0.9963 0.9815 0.9625 0.9227 0.8338 0.724 0.5580.98 0.9965 0.9821 0.9637 0.9253 0.8398 0.736 0.58810.99 0.9966 0.9826 0.9648 0.9277 0.8455 0.7471 0.6138

1 0.9967 0.9832 0.9659 0.93 0.9509 0.7574 0.63531.01 0.9969 0.9837 0.9669 0.9322 0.8561 0.7671 0.65421.02 0.9969 0.9842 0.9679 0.9343 0.861 0.7761 0.6711.05 0.9971 0.9855 0.9707 0.9401 0.8743 0.8002 0.713

1.1 0.9975 0.9874 0.9747 0.9485 0.893 0.8323 0.76491.15 0.9978 0.9891 0.978 0.9554 0.9081 0.8576 0.8032

1.2 0.9981 0.9904 0.9808 0.9611 0.9205 0.8779 0.8331.3 0.9985 0.9926 0.9852 0.9702 0.9396 0.9083 0.87641.4 0.9988 0.9942 0.9884 0.9768 0.9534 0.9298 0.90621.5 0.9991 0.9954 0.9909 0.9818 0.9636 0.9456 0.92781.6 0.9993 0.9964 0.9928 0.9856 0.9714 0.9575 0.94391.7 0.9994 0.9971 0.9943 0.9886 0.9775 0.9667 0.95631.8 0.9995 0.9977 0.9955 0,9910 0.9823 0.9739 0.96591.9 0.9996 0.9982 0.9964 0.9929 0.9861 0.9796 0.9735

2 0.9997 0.9986 0.9972 0.9944 0.9892 0.9842 0.97962.2 0.9998 0.9992 0.9983 0.9967 0.9937 0.991 0.98862.4 0.9999 0.9996 0.9991 0.9983 0.9969 0.9957 0.99482.6 1 0.9998 0.9997 0.9994 0.9991 0.999 0.9992.8 1 1 1.0001 1.0002 1.0007 1.0013 1.0021

3 1 1.0002 1.0004 1.0008 1.0018 1.003 1.00433.5 1.0001 1.0004 1.0008 1.0017 1.0035 1.0055 1.0075

4 1.0001 1.0005 1.001 1.0021 1.0043 1.0066 1.009

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TABLE23A: Lee–Kesler values for Z(0) (TR,PR) (continued)

PRTR1.000 1.200 1.500 2.000 3.000 5.000 7.000 10.000

0.30 0.2892 0.3470 0.4335 0.5775 0.8648 1.4366 2.0048 2.85070.35 0.2604 0.3123 0.3901 0.5195 0.7775 1.2902 1.7987 2.55390.40 0.2379 0.2853 0.3563 0.4744 0.7095 1.1758 1.6373 2.32110.45 0.2200 0.2638 0.3294 0.4384 0.6551 1.0841 1.5077 2.13380.50 0.2056 0.2465 0.3077 0.4092 0.6110 1.0094 1.4017 1.98010.55 0.1939 0.2323 0.2899 0.3853 0.5747 0.9475 1.3137 1.85200.60 0.1842 0.2207 0.2753 0.3657 0.5446 0.8959 1.2398 1.74400.65 0.1765 0.2113 0.2634 0.3495 0.5197 0.8526 1.1773 1.65190.70 0.1703 0.2038 0.2538 0.3364 0.4991 0.8161 1.1241 1.57290.75 0.1656 0.1981 0.2464 0.3260 0.4823 0.7854 1,0787 1.50470.80 0.1626 0.1942 0.2411 0.3182 0.4690 0.7598 1.0400 1.44560.85 0.1614 0.1924 0.2382 0.3132 0.4591 0.7388 1.0071 1.39430.90 0.1630 0.1935 0.2383 0.3114 0.4527 0.7220 0.9793 1.34960.93 0.1664 0.1963 0.2405 0.3122 0.4507 0.7138 0.9648 1.32570.95 0.1705 0.1998 0.2432 0.3138 0.4501 0.7092 0.9561 1.31080.97 0.1779 0.2055 0.2474 0.3164 0.4504 0.7052 0.9480 1.29680.98 0.1844 0.2097 0.2503 0.3182 0.4508 0.7035 0.9442 1.29010.99 0.1959 0.2154 0.2538 0.3204 0.4514 0.7018 0.9406 1.28351.00 0.2901 0.2237 0.2583 0.3229 0.4522 0.7004 0.9372 1.27721.01 0.4648 0.2370 0.2640 0.3260 0.4533 0.6991 0.9339 1.27101.02 0.5146 0.2629 0.2715 0,3297 0.4547 0.6980 0.9307 1.26501.05 0.6026 0.4437 0.3131 0.3452 0.4604 0.6956 0.9222 1.24811.10 0.6880 0.5984 0.4580 0.3953 0.4770 0.6950 0.9110 1.22321.15 0.7443 0.6803 0.5798 0.4760 0.5042 0.6987 0.9033 1.20211.20 0.7858 0.7363 0.6605 0,5605 0.5425 0.7069 0.8990 1.18441.30 0.8438 0.8111 0.7624 0.6908 0.6344 0.7358 0.8998 1.15801.40 0.8827 0.8595 0.8256 0.7753 0.7202 0.7761 0.9112 1.14191.50 0.9103 0.8933 0,8689 0.8328 0.7887 0.8200 0.9297 1.13391.60 0.9308 0.9180 0.9000 0.8738 0.8410 0.8617 0.9518 1.13201.70 0.9463 0.9367 0.9234 0.9043 0.8809 0.8984 0.9745 1.13431.80 0.9583 0.9511 0.9413 0.9275 0.9118 0.9297 0.9961 1.13911.90 0.9678 0.9624 0.9552 0.9456 0.9359 0.9557 1.0157 1.14522.00 0.9754 0.9715 0.9664 0.9599 0.9550 0.9772 1.0328 1.15162.20 0.9865 0.9847 0.9826 0.9806 0.9827 1.0094 1.0600 1.16352.40 0.9941 0.9936 0.9935 0.9945 1.0011 1.0313 1.0793 1.17282.60 0.9993 0.9998 1.0010 1.0040 1.0137 1.0463 1.0926 1.17922.80 1.0031 1.0042 1.0063 1.0106 1.0223 1.0565 1.1016 1.18303.00 1.0057 1.0074 1.0101 1.0153 1.0284 1.0635 1.1075 1.18483.50 1.0097 1.0120 0.0156 1.0221 1.0368 1.0723 1.1138 1.18344.00 1.0115 1.0140 1.0179 1.0249 1.0401 1.0747 1.1136 1.1773

Tables 23A to 26 B from B. I. Lee, and M. G. Kesler, A Generalized Thermodynamic Corre-lation Based on Three Parameter Corresponding States, AIChE Journal, 21(3): 510–527,1975. Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. © 1975AIChE. (With permission.)

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TABLE 23B: Lee–Kesler values for Z (1) (TR, PR)

PRTR0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8

0.30 –0.0008 –0.0040 –0.0081 –0.0161 –0.0323 –0.0484 –0.0640.35 –0.0009 –0.0046 –0.0093 –0.0185 –0.0370 –0.0554 –0.0730.40 –0.0010 –0.0048 –0.0095 –0.0190 –0.0380 –0.0570 –0.0750.45 –0.0009 –0.0047 –0.0094 –0.0187 –0.0374 –0.0560 –0.0740.50 –0.0009 –0.0045 –0.0090 –0.0181 –0.0360 –0.0539 –0.0710.55 –0.0314 –0.0043 –0.0086 –0.0172 –0.0343 –0.0513 –0.0680.60 –0.0205 –0.0041 –0.0082 –0.0164 –0.0326 –0.0487 –0.0640.65 –0.0137 –0.0772 –0,0078 –0.0156 –0.0309 –0.0461 –0.0610.70 –0.0093 –0.0507 –0.1161 –0.0148 –0.0294 –0.0438 –0.0570.75 –0.0064 –0.0339 –0.0744 –0.0143 –0.0282 –0.0417 –0.0550.80 –0.0044 –0.0228 –0.0487 –0.1160 –0.0272 –0.0401 –0.0520.85 –0.0029 –0.0152 –0.0319 –0.0715 –0.0268 –0.0391 –0.0500.90 –0.0019 –0.0099 –0.0205 –0.0442 0.1118 –0.0396 –0.0500.93 –0.0015 –0.0075 –0.0154 –0.0326 –0.0763 –0.1662 –0.0510.95 –0.0012 –0.0062 –0.0126 –0.0262 –0.0589 –0.1110 –0.0540.97 –0.0010 –0.0050 –0.0101 –0.0208 –0.0450 –0.0770 –0.1640.98 –0.0009 –0.0044 –0.0090 –0.0184 –0.0390 –0.0641 –0.1100.99 –0.0008 –0.0039 –0.0079 –0.0161 –0.0335 –0.0531 –0.0791.00 –0.0007 –0.0034 –0.0069 –0.0140 –0.0285 –0.0435 –0.0581.01 –0.0006 –0.0030 –0.0060 –0.0120 –0.0240 –0.0351 –0.0421.02 –0.0005 –0.0026 –0.0051 –0.0102 –0.0198 –0.0277 –0.0301.05 –0.0003 –0.0015 –0.0029 –0.0054 –0.0092 –0.0097 –0.0031.10 –0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0007 0.0038 0.0106 0.0231.15 0.0002 0.0011 0.0023 0.0052 0.0127 0.0237 0.0391.20 0.0004 0.0019 0.0039 0.0084 0.0190 0.0326 0.0491.30 0.0006 0.0030 0.0061 0.0125 0.0267 0.0429 0.0611.40 0.0001 0.0036 0.0072 0.0147 0.0306 0.0477 0.0661.50 0.0008 0.0039 0.0078 0.0158 0.0323 0.0497 0.06'71.60 0.0008 0.0040 0.0080 0.0162 0.0330 0.0501 0.0671.70 0.0008 0.0040 0.0081 0.0163 0.0329 0.0497 0.0661.80 0.0008 0.0040 0.0081 0.0162 0.0325 0.0488 0.0651.90 0.0008 0.0040 0.0079 0.0159 0.0318 0.0477 0.0632.00 0.0008 0.0039 0.0078 0.0155 0.0310 0.0464 0.0612.20 0.0007 0.0037 0.0074 0,0147 0.0293 0.0437 0.0572.40 0.0007 0.0035 0.0070 0.0139 0.0276 0.0411 0.0542.60 0.0007 0.0033 0.0066 0.0131 0.0260 0.0387 0.0512.80 0.0006 0.0031 0.0062 0.0124 0.0245 0.0365 0.0483.00 0.0006 0.0029 0.0059 0.0117 0.0232 0.0345 0.0453.50 0.0005 0.0026 0.0052 0.0103 0.0204 0.0303 0.0404.00 0.0005 0.0023 0.0046 0.0091 0.0182 0.0270 0.035

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TABLE 23B: Lee–Kesler values for Z(1) (TR, PR) (continued)

PRTR1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 10

0.30 –0.0806 –0.0966 –0.1207 –0.1608 –0.2407 –0.3996 –0–5572 –0.79150.35 –0.0921 –0.1105 –0.1379 –0.1834 –0.2738 –0.4523 –0.6279 –0.88630.40 –0.0946 –0.1134 –0.1414 –0.1879 –0.2799 –0.4603 –0.6365 –0.89360.45 –0.0929 –0.1113 –0.1387 –0.1840 –0.2734 –0.4475 –0.6162 –0.86060.50 –0.0893 –0.1069 –0.1330 –0.1762 –0.2611 –0.4253 –0.5831 –0.80990.55 –0.0849 –0.1015 –0.1263 –0.1669 –0.2465 –0.3991 –0.5446 –0.75210.60 –0.0803 –0.0960 –0.1192 –0.1572 –0.2312 –0.3718 –0.5047 –0.69280.65 –0.0759 –0.0906 –0.1122 –0.1476 –0.2160 –0.3447 –0.4653 –0.63460.70 –0.0718 –0.0855 –0.1057 –0.1385 –0.2013 –0.3184 –0.4270 –0.57850.75 –0.0681 –0.0808 –0.0996 –0.1298 –0.1872 –0.2929 –0.3901 –0.52500.80 –0.0648 –0.0767 –0.0940 –0.1217 –0.1736 –0.2682 –0.3545 –0.47400.85 –0.0622 –0.0731 –0.0888 –0.1138 –0.1602 –0.2439 –0.3201 –0.42540.90 –0.0604 –0.0701 –0.0840 –0.1059 –0.1463 –0.2195 –0.2862 –0.37880.93 –0.0602 –0.0687 –0.0810 –0.1007 –0.1374 –0.2045 –0.2661 –0.35160.95 –0.0607 –0.0678 –0.0788 –0.0967 –0.1310 –0.1943 –0.2526 –0.33390.97 –0.0623 –0.0669 –0.0759 –0.0921 –0.1240 –0.1837 –0.2391 –0.31630.98 –0.0641 –0.0661 –0.0740 –0.0893 –0.1202 –0.1783 –0.2322 –0.30750.99 –0.0680 –0.0646 –0.0715 –0.0861 –0.1162 –0.1728 –0.2254 –0.29891.00 –0.0879 –0.0609 –0.0678 –0.0824 –0.1118 –0.1672 –0.2185 –0.29021,01 –0.0223 –0.0473 –0.0621 –0.0778 –0.1072 –0.1615 –0.2116 –0.28161.02 –0.0062 0.0227 –0.0524 –0.0722 –0.1021 –0.1556 –0.2047 –0.27311.05 0.0220 0.1059 0.0451 –0.0432 –0.0838 –0.1370 –0.1835 –0.24761.10 0.0476 0.0897 0.1630 0.0698 –0.0373 –0.1021 –0.1469 –0.20561.15 0.0625 0.0943 0.1548 0.1667 0.0332 0.0611 –0.1084 –0.16421.20 0.0719 0.0991 0.1477 0.1990 0.1095 –0.0141 –0.0678 –0.12311.30 0.0819 0.1048 0.1420 0.1991 0.2079 0.0875 0.0176 –0.04231.40 0.0857 0.1063 0.1383 0.1894 0.2397 0.1737 0.1008 0.03501.50 0.0864 0.1055 0.1345 0.1806 0.2433 0.2309 0.1717 0.10581.60 0.0855 0.1035 0.1303 0.1729 0.2381 0.2631 0.2255 0.16731.70 0.0838 0.1008 0.1259 0.1658 0.2305 0.2788 0.2628 0.21791.80 0.0816 0.0978 0.1216 0.1593 0.2224 0.2946 0.2971 0.25761.90 0.0792 0.0947 0.1173 0.1532 0.2144 0.2848 0.3017 0.28762.00 0.0767 0.0916 0.1133 0.1476 0.2069 0.2819 0.3097 0.30962.20 0.0719 0.0857 0.1057 0.1374 0.1932 0.2720 0.3135 0.33552.40 0.0675 0.0803 0.0989 0.1285 0.1812 0.2602 0.3089 0.34592.60 0.0634 0.0754 0.0929 0.1207 0.1706 0.2484 0.3009 0.34752.80 0.0598 0.0711 0.0876 0.1138 0,1613 0.2372 0.2915 0.34433.00 0.0565 0.0672 0.0828 0.1076 0.1529 0.2268 0.2817 0.33853.50 0.0497 0.0591 0.0728 0.0949 0.1356 0.2042 0.2584 0.31944.00 0.0443 0.0527 0.0651 0.0849 0.1219 0.1857 0.2378 0.2994

Page 75: lee kesler

TABLE 24A: Lee–Kesler residual enthalpy values for ((h0 - h) (0)/ (R Tc))

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 6.045 6.043 6.04 6.034 6.022 6.011 5.999

0.35 5.906 5.904 5.901 5.895 5.882 5.87 5.8580.4 5.763 5.761 5.757 5.751 5.738 5.726 5.713

0.45 5.615 5.612 5.609 5.603 5.59 5.577 5.5640.5 5.465 5.463 4.459 5.453 5.44 5.427 5.414

0.55 0.032 5.312 5.309 5.303 5.29 5.278 5.2650.6 0.027 5.162 5.159 5.153 5.141 5.129 5.116

0.65 0.023 0.118 5.008 5.002 4.991 4.98 4.9680.7 0.02 0.101 0.213 4.848 4.838 4.828 4.818

0.75 0.017 0.088 0.183 4.687 4.679 4.672 4.6640.8 0.015 0.078 0.16 0.345 4.507 4.504 4.499

0.85 0.014 0.069 0.141 0.3 4.309 4.313 4.3160.9 0.012 0.062 0.126 0.264 0.596 4.074 4.094

0.93 0.011 0.058 0.118 0.246 0.545 0.96 3.920.95 0.011 0.056 0.113 0.235 0.516 0.885 3.7630.97 0.011 0.054 0.109 0.225 0.49 0.824 1.3560.98 0.01 0.053 0.107 0.221 0.478 0.797 1.2730.99 0.01 0.052 0.105 0.216 0.466 0.773 1.206

1 0.01 0.051 0.103 0.212 0.455 0.75 1.1511.01 0.01 0.05 0.101 0.208 0.445 0.728 0.1021.02 0.01 0.049 0.099 0.203 0.434 0.708 1.061.05 0.009 0.046 0.094 0.192 0.407 0.654 0.955

1.1 0.008 0.042 0.086 0.175 0.367 0.581 0.8271.15 0.008 0.039 0.079 0.16 0.334 0.523 0.732

1.2 0.007 0.036 0.073 0.148 0.305 0.474 0.6571.3 0.006 0.031 0.063 0.127 0.259 0.399 0.5451.4 0.005 0.027 0.055 0.11 0.224 0.341 0.4631.5 0.005 0.024 0.048 0.097 0.196 0.297 0.41.6 0.004 0.021 0.043 0.086 0.173 0.261 0.351.7 0.004 0.019 0.038 0.076 0.153 0.231 0.3091.8 0.003 0,017 0.034 0.068 0.137 0.206 0.2751.9 0.003 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.123 0.185 0.246

2 0.003 0.014 0.028 0.056 0.111 0.167 0.2222.2 0.002 0.012 0.023 0.046 0.092 0.137 0.1822.4 0.002 0.01 0.019 0.038 0.076 0.114 0.152.6 0.002 0.008 0.016 0.032 0.064 0.095 0.1252.8 0.001 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.054 0.08 0.105

3 0.001 0.006 0.011 0.023 0.045 0.067 0.0883.5 0.001 0.004 0.007 0.015 0.029 0.043 0.056

4 0 0.002 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.026 0.033

Page 76: lee kesler

TABLE 24A: Lee–Kesler residual enthalpy values for ((h0 - h) (0)/ (R Tc));(continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 5.987 5.975 5.957 5.927 5.868 5.748 5.628 5.446

0.35 5.845 5.833 5.814 5.783 5.721 5.595 5.469 5.2780.4 5.7 5.687 5.668 5.636 5.572 5.442 5.311 5.113

0.45 5.551 5.538 5.519 5.486 5.421 5.288 5.154 4.950.5 5.401 5.388 5.369 5.336 5.27 5.135 4.999 4.791

0.55 5.252 5.239 5.22 5.187 5.121 4.986 4.849 4.6380.6 5.104 5.091 5.073 5.041 4.976 4.842 4.704 4.492

0.65 4.956 4.945 4.927 4.896 4.833 4.702 4.565 4.3530.7 4.808 4.797 4.781 4.752 4.693 4.566 4.432 4.221

0.75 4.655 4.646 4.632 4.607 4.554 4.434 4.303 4.0950.8 4.494 4.488 4.478 4.459 4.413 4.303 4.178 3.974

0.85 4.316 4.316 4.312 4.302 4.269 4.173 4.056 3.8570.9 4.108 4.118 4.127 4.132 4.119 4.043 3.935 3.744

0.93 3.953 3.976 4 4.02 4.024 3.963 3.863 3.6780.95 3.825 3.865 3.904 3.94 3.958 3.91 3.815 3.6340.97 3.658 3.732 3.796 3.853 3.89 3.856 3.767 3.5910.98 3.544 3.652 3.736 3.806 3.854 3.829 3.743 3.5690.99 3.376 3.558 3.67 3.758 3.818 3.801 3.719 3.548

1 2.584 3.441 3.598 3.706 3.782 3.774 3.695 3.5261.01 1.796 3.283 3.516 3.652 3.744 3.746 3.671 3.5051.02 1.627 3.039 3.442 3.595 3.705 3.718 3.647 3.4841.05 1.359 2.034 3.03 3.398 3.583 3.632 3.575 3.42

1.1 1.12 1.487 2.203 2.965 3.353 3.484 3.453 3.3151.15 0.968 1.239 1.719 2.479 3.091 3.329 3.329 3.211

1.2 0.857 1.076 1.443 2.079 2.807 3.166 3.202 3.1071.3 0.698 0.86 1.116 1.56 2.274 2.825 2.942 2.8991.4 0.588 0.716 0.915 1.253 1.857 2.486 2.679 2.6921.5 0.505 0.611 0.774 1.046 1.549 2.175 2.421 2.4861.6 0.44 0.531 0.667 0.894 1.318 1.904 2.177 2.2851.7 0.387 0.466 0.583 0.777 1.139 1.672 1.953 2.0911.8 0.344 0.413 0.515 0.683 0.996 1.476 1.751 1.9081.9 0.307 0.368 0.458 0.606 0.88 1.309 1.571 1.736

2 0.276 0.33 0.411 0.541 0.782 1.167 1.411 1.5772.2 0.226 0.269 0.334 0.437 0.629 0.937 1.143 1.2952.4 0.187 0.222 0.275 0.359 0.513 0.761 0.929 1.0582.6 0.155 0.185 0.228 0.297 0.422 0.621 0.756 0.8582.8 0.13 0.154 0.19 0.246 0.348 0.508 0.614 0.689

3 0.109 0.129 0.159 0.205 0.288 0.415 0.495 0.5453.5 0.069 0.081 0.099 0.127 0.174 0.239 0.27 0.264

4 0.041 0.048 0.058 0.072 0.095 0.116 0.11 0.061

Page 77: lee kesler

TABLE 24B: Lee–Kesler residual enthalpy values for ((h0 – h)(1)/(RTc))

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 11.098 11.096 11.095 11.091 11.083 11.076 11.069

0.35 10.656 10.655 10.654 10.653 10.65 10.646 10.6430.4 10.121 10.121 10.121 10.12 10.121 10.121 10.121

0.45 9.515 9.515 9.516 9.517 9.519 9.521 9.5230.5 8.868 8.869 8.87 8.872 8.876 8.88 8.884

0.55 0.08 8.211 8.212 8.215 8.221 8.226 8.2320.6 0.059 7.568 7.57 7.573 7.579 7.585 7.591

0.65 0.045 0.247 6.949 6.952 6.959 6.966 6.9730.7 0.034 0.185 0.415 6.36 6.367 6.373 6.381

0.75 0.027 0.142 0.306 5.796 5.802 5.809 5.8160.8 0.021 0.11 0.234 0.542 5.266 5.271 5.278

0.85 0.017 0.087 0.182 0.401 4.753 4.754 4.7580.9 0.014 0.07 0.144 0.308 0.751 4.254 4.248

0.93 0.012 0.061 0.126 0.265 0.612 1.236 3.9420.95 0.011 0.056 0.115 0.241 0.542 0.994 3.7370.97 0.01 0.052 0.105 0.219 0.483 0.837 1.6160.98 0.01 0.05 0.101 0.209 0.457 0.776 1.3240.99 0.009 0.048 0.097 0.2 0.433 0.722 1.154

1 0.009 0.046 0.093 0.191 0.41 0.675 1.0341.01 0.009 0.044 0.089 0.183 0.389 0.632 0.941.02 0.008 0.042 0.085 0.175 0.37 0.594 0.8631.05 0.007 0.037 0.075 0.153 0.318 0.498 0.691

1.1 0.006 0.03 0.061 0.123 0.251 0.381 0.5071.15 0.005 0.025 0.05 0.099 0.199 0.296 0.385

1.2 0.004 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.158 0.232 0.2971.3 0.003 0.013 0.026 0.052 0.1 0.142 0.1771.4 0.002 0.008 0.016 0.032 0.06 0.083 0.11.5 0.001 0.005 0.009 0.018 0.032 0.042 0.0481.6 0 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.012 0.013 0.0111.7 0 0 0 0 –0.003 –0.009 –0.0171.8 0 –0.001 –0.003 –0.006 –0.015 –0.025 –0.0371.9 –0.001 –0.003 –0.005 –0.011 –0.023 –0.037 –0.053

2 –0.001 –0.003 –0.007 –0.015 –0.03 –0.047 –0.0652.2 –0.001 –0.005 –0.01 –0.02 –0.04 –0.062 –0.0832.4 –0.001 –0.006 –0.012 –0.023 –0.047 –0.071 –0.0952.6 –0.001 –0.006 –0.013 –0.026 –0.052 –0.078 –0.1042.8 –0.001 –0.007 –0.014 –0.028 –0.055 –0.082 –0.11

3 –0.001 –0.007 –0.014 –0.029 –0.058 –0.086 –0.1143.5 –0.002 –0.008 –0.016 –0.031 –0.062 –0.092 –0.122

4 –0.002 –0.008 –0.016 –0.032 –0.064 –0.096 –0.127

Page 78: lee kesler

TABLE 24B: Lee–Kesler residual enthalpy values for ((h0 – h)(1)/(RTc)) (continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 11.062 11.055 11.044 11.027 10.992 10.935 10.872 10.781

0.35 10.64 10.637 10.632 10.624 10.609 10.581 10.554 10.5290.4 10.121 10.121 10.121 10.122 10.123 10.128 10.135 10.15

0.45 9.525 9.527 9.531 9.537 9.549 9.576 9.611 9.6630.5 8.888 8.892 8.999 8.909 9.932 8.978 9.03 9.111

0.55 8.238 8.243 8.252 8.267 8.298 8.36 8.425 8.5310.6 7.596 7.603 7.614 7.632 7.669 7.745 7.824 7.95

0.65 6.98 6.987 6.997 7.017 7.059 7.147 7.239 7.3810.7 6.388 6.395 6.407 6.429 6.475 6.574 6.677 6.837

0.75 5.824 5.832 5.845 5.868 5.918 6.027 6.142 6.3180.8 5.285 5.293 5.306 5.33 5.385 5.506 5.632 5.824

0.85 4.763 4.771 4.784 4.81 4.872 5.008 5.149 5.3580.9 4.249 4.255 4.268 4.298 4.371 4.53 4.688 4.916

0.93 3.934 3.937 3.951 3.987 4.073 4.251 4.422 4.6620.95 3.712 3.713 3.73 3.773 3.873 4.068 4.248 4.4970.97 3.47 3.467 3.492 3.551 3.67 3.885 4.077 4.3360.98 3.332 3.327 3.363 3.434 3.568 3.795 3.992 4.2570.99 3.164 3.164 3.223 3.313 3.464 3.705 3.909 4.178

1 2.471 2.952 3.065 3.186 3.358 3.615 3.825 4.11.01 1.375 2.595 2.88 3.051 3.251 3.525 3.742 4.0231.02 1.18 1.723 2.65 2.906 3.142 3.435 3.661 3.9471.05 0.877 0.878 1.496 2.381 2.8 3.167 3.418 3.722

1.1 0.617 0.673 0.617 1.261 2.167 2.72 3.023 3.3621.15 0.459 0.503 0.487 0.604 1.497 2.275 2.641 3.019

1.2 0.349 0.381 0.381 0.361 0.934 1.84 2.273 2.6921.3 0.203 0.218 0.218 0.178 0.3 1.066 1.592 2.0861.4 0.111 0.115 0.108 0.07 0.044 0.504 1.012 1.5471.5 0.049 0.046 0.032 –0.009 –0.078 0.142 0.556 1.081.6 0.005 –0.004 –0.023 –0.065 –0.151 –0.082 0.217 0.6891.7 –0.027 –0.04 –0.063 –0.109 –0.202 –0.223 –0.028 0.3691.8 –0.051 –0.067 –0.094 –0.143 –0.241 –0.317 –0.203 0.1121.9 –0.07 –0.088 –0.117 –0.169 –0.271 –0.381 –0.33 –0.092

2 –0.085 –0.105 –0.136 –0.19 –0.295 –0.428 –0.424 –0.2552.2 –0.106 –0.128 –0.163 –0.221 –0.331 –0.493 –0.551 –0.4892.4 –0.12 –0.144 –0.181 –0.242 –0.356 –0.535 –0.631 –0.6452.6 –0.13 –0.156 –0.194 –0.257 –0.376 –0.567 –0.687 –0.7542.8 –0.137 –0.164 –0.204 –0.269 –0.391 –0.591 –0.729 –0.836

3 –0.142 –0.17 –0.211 –0.278 –0.403 –0.611 –0.763 –0.8993.5 –0.152 –0.181 –0.224 –0.294 –0.425 –0.65 –0.827 –1.015

4 –0.158 –0.188 –0.233 –0.306 –0.442 –0.68 –0.874 –1.097

Page 79: lee kesler

TABLE 25A: Lee–Kesler residual entropy values for ((s0– s) (0)/R)

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 16.782 16.774 16.764 16.744 16.705 16.665 16.626

0.35 15.413 15.408 15.401 15.387 15.359 15.333 15.3050.4 13.99 13.986 13.981 13.972 13.953 13.934 13.915

0.45 12.564 12.561 12.558 12.551 12.537 12.523 12.5090.5 11.202 11.2 11.197 11.192 11.182 11.172 11.162

0.55 0.115 9.948 9.946 9.942 9.935 9.928 9.9210.6 0.078 8.828 8.826 8.823 8.817 8.811 8.806

0.65 0.055 0.309 7.832 7.829 7.824 7.819 7.8150.7 0.04 0.216 0.491 6.951 6.945 6.941 6.937

0.75 0.029 0.156 0.34 6.173 6.167 6.162 6.1580.8 0.022 0.116 0.246 0.578 5.475 5.468 5.462

0.85 0.017 0.088 0.183 0.408 4.853 4.841 4.8320.9 0.013 0.068 0.14 0.301 0.744 4.269 4.249

0.93 0.011 0.058 0.12 0.254 0.593 1.219 3.9140.95 0.01 0.053 0.109 0.228 0.517 0.961 3.6970.97 0.01 0.048 0.099 0.206 0.456 0.797 1.570.98 0.009 0.046 0.094 0.196 0.429 0.734 1.270.99 0.009 0.044 0.09 0.186 0.405 0.68 1.098

1 0.008 0.042 0.086 0.177 0.382 0.632 0.9771.01 0.008 0.04 0.082 0.169 0.361 0.59 0.8831.02 0.008 0.039 0.078 0.161 0.342 0.552 0.8071.05 0.007 0.034 0.069 0.14 0.292 0.46 0.642

1.1 0.005 0.028 0.055 0.112 0.229 0.35 0.471.15 0.005 0.023 0.045 0.091 0.183 0.275 0.361

1.2 0.004 0.019 0.037 0.075 0.149 0.22 0.2861.3 0.003 0.013 0.026 0.052 0.102 0.148 0.191.4 0.002 0.01 0.019 0.037 0.072 0.104 0.1331.5 0.001 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.053 0.076 0.0971.6 0.001 0.005 0.011 0.021 0.04 0.057 0.0731.7 0.001 0.004 0.008 0.016 0.031 0.044 0.0561.8 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.013 0.024 0.035 0.0441.9 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.019 0.028 0.036

2 0 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.0292.2 0 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.016 0.0212.4 0 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.0152.6 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.0122.8 0 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.01

3 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.0083.5 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.006

4 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005

Page 80: lee kesler

TABLE 25A: Lee–Kesler residual entropy values for ((s0– s) (0)/R) (continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 16.586 16.547 16.488 16.39 16.195 15.837 15.468 14.925

0.35 15.278 15.251 15.211 15.144 15.011 14.751 14.496 14.1530.4 13.896 13.877 13.849 13.803 13.714 13.541 13.376 13.144

0.45 12.496 12.482 12.462 12.43 12.367 12.248 12.145 11.9990.5 11.153 11.143 11.129 11.107 11.063 10.985 10.92 10.836

0.55 9.914 9.907 9.897 9.882 9.853 9.806 9.769 9.7320.6 8.799 8.794 8.787 8.777 8.76 8.736 8.723 8.72

0.65 7.81 7.807 7.801 7.794 7.784 7.779 7.785 7.8110.7 6.933 6.93 6.926 6.922 6.919 6.929 6.952 7.002

0.75 6.155 6.152 6.149 6.147 6.149 6.174 6.213 6.2850.8 5.458 5.455 5.453 5.452 5.461 5.501 5.555 5.648

0.85 4.826 4.822 4.82 4.822 4.839 4.898 4.969 5.0820.9 4.238 4.232 4.23 4.236 4.267 4.351 4.442 4.578

0.93 3.894. 3.885 3.884 3.896 3.941 4.046 4.151 4.30.95 3.658 3.647 3.648 3.669 3.728 3.851 3.966 4.1250.97 3.406 3.391 3.401 3.437 3.517 3.661 3.788 3.9570.98 3.264 3.247 3.268 3.318 3.412 3.569 3.701 3.8750.99 3.093 3.082 3.126 3.195 3.306 3.477 3.616 3.796

1 2.399 2.868 2.967 3.067 3.2 3.387 3.532 3.7171.01 1.306 2.513 2.784 2.933 3.094 3.297 3.45 3.641.02 1.113 1.655 2.557 2.79 2.986 3.209 3.369 3.5651.05 0.82 0.931 1.443 2.283 2.655 2.949 3.134 3.348

1.1 0.577 0.64 0.618 1.241 2.067 2.534 2.767 3,0131.15 0.437 0.489 0.502 0.654 1.471 2.138 2.428 2.708

1.2 0.343 0.385 0.412 0.447 0.991 1.767 2.115 2.431.3 0.226 0.254 0.282 0.3 0.481 1.147 1.569 1.9441.4 0.158 0.178 0.2 0.22 0.29 0.73 1.138 1.5441.5 0.115 0.13 0.147 0.166 0.206 0.479 0.823 1.2221.6 0.086 0.098 0.112 0.129 0.159 0.334 0.604 0.9691.7 0.067 0.076 0,087 0.102 0.127 0.248 0.456 0.7751.8 0.053 0.06 0.07 0.083 0.105 0.195 0.355 0.6281.9 0.043 0.049 0.057 0.069 0.089 0.16 0.286 0.518

2 0.035 0.04 0.048 0.058 0.077 0.136 0.238 0.4342.2 0.025 0.029 0.035 0.043 0.06 0.105 0.178 0.3222.4 0.019 0.022 0.027 0.034 0.048 0.096 0.143 0.2542.6 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.028 0.041 0.074 0.12 0.212.8 0.012 0.014 0.018 0.023 0.035 0.065 0.104 0.188

3 0.01 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.031 0.058 0.093 0.1583.5 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.015 0.024 0.046 0.073 0.122

4 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.02 0.038 0.06 0.1

Page 81: lee kesler

TABLE 25B: Lee–Kesler residual entropy values for ((s0– s) (1)/R)

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 16.782 16.774 16.764 16.744 16.705 16.665 16.626

0.35 15.413 15.408 15.401 15.387 15.359 15.333 15.3050.4 13.99 13.986 13.981 13.972 13.953 13.934 13.915

0.45 12.564 12.561 12.558 12.551 12.537 12.523 12.5090.5 11.202 11.2 11.197 11.192 11.182 11.172 11.162

0.55 0.115 9.948 9.946 9.942 9.935 9.928 9.9210.6 0.078 8.828 8.826 8.823 8.817 8.811 8.806

0.65 0.055 0.309 7.832 7.829 7.824 7.819 7.8150.7 0.04 0.216 0.491 6.951 6.945 6.941 6.937

0.75 0.029 0.156 0.34 6.173 6.167 6.162 6.1580.8 0.022 0.116 0.246 0.578 5.475 5.468 5.462

0.85 0.017 0.088 0.183 0.408 4.853 4.841 4.8320.9 0.013 0.068 0.14 0.301 0.744 4.269 4.249

0.93 0.011 0.058 0.12 0.254 0.593 1.219 3.9140.95 0.01 0.053 0.109 0.228 0.517 0.961 3.6970.97 0.01 0.048 0.099 0.206 0.456 0.797 1.570.98 0.009 0.046 0.094 0.196 0.429 0.734 1.270.99 0.009 0.044 0.09 0.186 0.405 0.68 1.098

1 0.008 0.042 0.086 0.177 0.382 0.632 0.9771.01 0.008 0.04 0.082 0.169 0.361 0.59 0.8831.02 0.008 0.039 0.078 0.161 0.342 0.552 0.8071.05 0.007 0.034 0.069 0.14 0.292 0.46 0.642

1.1 0.005 0.028 0.055 0.112 0.229 0.35 0.471.15 0.005 0.023 0.045 0.091 0.183 0.275 0.361

1.2 0.004 0.019 0.037 0.075 0.149 0.22 0.2861.3 0.003 0.013 0.026 0.052 0.102 0.148 0.191.4 0.002 0.01 0.019 0.037 0.072 0.104 0.1331.5 0.001 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.053 0.076 0.0971.6 0.001 0.005 0.011 0.021 0.04 0.057 0.0731.7 0.001 0.004 0.008 0.016 0.031 0.044 0.0561.8 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.013 0.024 0.035 0.0441.9 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.019 0.028 0.036

2 0 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.0292.2 0 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.016 0.0212.4 0 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.0152.6 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.0122.8 0 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.01

3 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.0083.5 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.006

4 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005

Page 82: lee kesler

TABLE 25B: Lee–Kesler residual entropy values for ((s0– s) (1)/R) (continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 16.586 16.547 16.488 16.39 16.195 15.837 15.468 14.925

0.35 15.278 15.251 15.211 15.144 15.011 14.751 14.496 14.1530.4 13.896 13.877 13.849 13.803 13.714 13.541 13.376 13.144

0.45 12.496 12.482 12.462 12.43 12.367 12.248 12.145 11.9990.5 11.153 11.143 11.129 11.107 11.063 10.985 10.92 10.836

0.55 9.914 9.907 9.897 9.882 9.853 9.806 9.769 9.7320.6 8.799 8.794 8.787 8.777 8.76 8.736 8.723 8.72

0.65 7.81 7.807 7.801 7.794 7.784 7.779 7.785 7.8110.7 6.933 6.93 6.926 6.922 6.919 6.929 6.952 7.002

0.75 6.155 6.152 6.149 6.147 6.149 6.174 6.213 6.2850.8 5.458 5.455 5.453 5.452 5.461 5.501 5.555 5.648

0.85 4.826 4.822 4.82 4.822 4.839 4.898 4.969 5.0820.9 4.238 4.232 4.23 4.236 4.267 4.351 4.442 4.578

0.93 3.894. 3.885 3.884 3.896 3.941 4.046 4.151 4.30.95 3.658 3.647 3.648 3.669 3.728 3.851 3.966 4.1250.97 3.406 3.391 3.401 3.437 3.517 3.661 3.788 3.9570.98 3.264 3.247 3.268 3.318 3.412 3.569 3.701 3.8750.99 3.093 3.082 3.126 3.195 3.306 3.477 3.616 3.796

1 2.399 2.868 2.967 3.067 3.2 3.387 3.532 3.7171.01 1.306 2.513 2.784 2.933 3.094 3.297 3.45 3.641.02 1.113 1.655 2.557 2.79 2.986 3.209 3.369 3.5651.05 0.82 0.931 1.443 2.283 2.655 2.949 3.134 3.348

1.1 0.577 0.64 0.618 1.241 2.067 2.534 2.767 3,0131.15 0.437 0.489 0.502 0.654 1.471 2.138 2.428 2.708

1.2 0.343 0.385 0.412 0.447 0.991 1.767 2.115 2.431.3 0.226 0.254 0.282 0.3 0.481 1.147 1.569 1.9441.4 0.158 0.178 0.2 0.22 0.29 0.73 1.138 1.5441.5 0.115 0.13 0.147 0.166 0.206 0.479 0.823 1.2221.6 0.086 0.098 0.112 0.129 0.159 0.334 0.604 0.9691.7 0.067 0.076 0,087 0.102 0.127 0.248 0.456 0.7751.8 0.053 0.06 0.07 0.083 0.105 0.195 0.355 0.6281.9 0.043 0.049 0.057 0.069 0.089 0.16 0.286 0.518

2 0.035 0.04 0.048 0.058 0.077 0.136 0.238 0.4342.2 0.025 0.029 0.035 0.043 0.06 0.105 0.178 0.3222.4 0.019 0.022 0.027 0.034 0.048 0.096 0.143 0.2542.6 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.028 0.041 0.074 0.12 0.212.8 0.012 0.014 0.018 0.023 0.035 0.065 0.104 0.188

3 0.01 0.012 0.015 0.02 0.031 0.058 0.093 0.1583.5 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.015 0.024 0.046 0.073 0.122

4 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.02 0.038 0.06 0.1

Page 83: lee kesler

TABLE 26A: Lee–Kesler fugacity coefficient values for (log10 f/P)(0)

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 –3.708 –4.402 –4.696 –4.985 –5.261 –5.412 –5.512

0.35 –2.471 –3.166 –3.461 –3.751 –4.029 –4.183 –4.2850.4 –1.566 –2.261 –2.557 –2.848 –3.128 –3.283 –3.387

0.45 –0.879 –1.575 –1.871 –2.162 –2.444 –2.601 –2.7070.5 –0.344 –1.04 –1.336 –1.628 –1.912 –2.07 –2.177

0.55 –0.008 –0.614 –0.911 –1.204 –1.488 –1.647 –1.7550.6 –0.007 –0.269 –0.566 –0.859 –1.144 –1.304 –1.413

0.65 –0.005 –0.026 –0.283 –0.576 –0.862 –1.023 –1.1320.7 –0.004 –0.021 –0.043 –0.4 –0.627 –0.789 –0.899

0.75 –0.003 –0.017 –0.035 –0.144 –0.43 –0.592 –0.7030.8 –0.003 –0.014 –0.029 –0.059 –0.264 –0.426 –0.537

0.85 –0,002 –0.012 –0.024 –0.049 –0.123 –0.285 –0.3960.9 –0.002 –0.01 –0.02 –0.041 –0.086 –0.166 –0.276

0.93 –0.002 –0.009 –0.018 –0.037 –0.077 –0.122 –0.2140.95 –0.002 –0.008 –0.017 –0.035 –0.072 –0.113 –0.1760.97 –0.002 –0.008 –0.016 –0.033 –0.067 –0.105 –0.1480.98 –0.002 –0.008 –0.016 –0.032 –0.065 –0.101 –0.1420.99 –0.001 –0.007 –0.015 –0.031 –0.063 –0.098 –0.137

1 –0.001 –0.007 –0.015 –0.03 –0.061 –0.095 –0.1321.01 –0.001 –0.007 –0.014 –0.029 –0.059 –0.091 –0.1271.02 –0.001 –0.007 –0.014 –0.028 –0.057 –0.088 –0.1221.05 –0,001 –0.006 –0.013 –0.025 –0.052 –0.08 –0.11

1.1 –0.001 –0.005 –0.011 –0.022 –0.045 –0.069 –0.0931.15 –0.001 –0.005 –0.009 –0.019 –0.039 –0.059 –0.08

1.2 –0.001 –0.004 –0.008 –0.017 –0.034 –0.051 –0.0691.3 –0.001 –0.003 –0.006 –0.013 –0.026 –0.039 –0.0521.4 –0.001 –0.003 –0.005 –0.01 –0.02 –0.03 –0.041.5 0 –0.002 –0.004 –0.008 –0.016 –0.024 –0.0321.6 0 –0.002 –0.003 –0.006 –0.012 –0.019 –0.0251.7 0 –0.001 –0.002 –0.005 –0.01 –0.015 –0.021.8 0 –0.001 –0.002 –0.004 –0.008 –0.012 –0.0151.9 0 –0.001 –0.002 –0.003 –0.006 –0.009 –0.012

2 0 –0.001 –0.001 –0.002 –0.005 –0.007 –0.0092.2 0 0 –0.001 –0.001 –0.003 –0.004 –0.0052.4 0 0 0 –0.001 –0.001 –0.002 –0.0032.6 0 0 0 0 0 –0.001 –0.0012.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001

3 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.0023.5 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003

4 0 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

Page 84: lee kesler

TABLE 26A: Lee–Kesler fugacity coefficient values for (log10 f/P)(0) (continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 –5.584 –5.638 –5.697 –5.759 –5.81 –5.782 –5.679 –5.461

0.35 –4.359 –4.416 –4.479 –4.547 –4.611 –4.608 –4.53 –4.3520.4 –3.463 –3.522 –3.588 –3.661 –3.735 –3.752 –3.694 –3.545

0.45 –2.795 –2.845 –2.913 –2.99 –3.071 –3.104 –3.063 –2.9380.5 –2.256 –2.317 –2.387 –2.468 –2.555 –2.601 –2.572 –2.468

0.55 –1.835 –1.897 –1.969 –2.052 –2.145 –2.201 –2.183 –2.0960.6 –1.494 –1.557 –1.63 –1.715 –1.812 –1.878 –1.869 –1.795

0.65 –1.214 –1.278 –1.352 –1.439 –1.539 –1.612 –1.611 –1.5490.7 –0.981 –1.045 –1.12 –1.208 –1.312 –1.391 –1.396 –1.344

0.75 –0.785 –0.85 –0.925 –1.015 –1.121 –1.204 –1.215 –1.1720.8 –0.619 –0.685 –0.76 –0.851 –0.958 –1.046 –1.062 –1.026

0.85 –0.479 –0.544 –0.62 –0.711 –0.819 –0.911 –0.93 –0.9010.9 –0.359 –0.424 –0.5 –0.591 –0.7 –0.794 –0.917 –0.793

0.93 –0.296 –0.361 –0.437 –0.527 –0.637 –0.732 –0.756 –0.7350.95 –0.258 –0.322 –0.398 –0.488 –0.598 –0.693 –0.719 –0.6990.97 –0.223 –0.287 –0.362 –0.452 –0.561 –0.657 –0.683 –0.6650.98 –0.206 –0.27 –0.344 –0.434 –0.543 –0.639 –0.666 –0.6490.99 –0.191 –0.254 –0.328 –0.417 –0.526 –0.622 –0.649 –0.633

1 –0.176 –0.238 –0.312 –0.401 –0.509 –0.605 –0.633 –0.6171.01 –0.168 –0.224 –0.297 –0.385 –0.493 –0.589 –0.617 –0.6021.02 –0.161 –0.21 –0.282 –0.37 –0.477 –0.573 –0.601 –0.5881.05 –0.143 –0.18 –0.242 –0.327 –0.433 –0.529 –0.557 –0.546

1.1 –0.12 –0.148 –0.193 –0.267 –0.368 –0.462 –0.491 –0.4821.15 –0.102 –0.125 –0.16 –0.22 –0.312 –0.403 –0.433 –0.426

1.2 –0.088 –0.106 –0.135 –0.184 –0.266 –0.352 –0.382 –0.3771.3 –0.066 –0.08 –0.1 –0.134 –0.195 –0.269 –0.296 –0.2931.4 –0.051 –0.061 –0.076 –0.101 –0.146 –0.205 –0.229 –0.2261.5 –0.039 –0.047 –0.059 –0.077 –0.111 –0.157 –0.176 –0.1731.6 –0.031 –0.037 –0.046 –0.06 –0.085 –0.12 –0.135 –0.1291.7 –0.024 –0.029 –0.036 –0.046 –0.065 –0.092 –0.102 –0.0941.8 –0.019 –0.023 –0.028 –0.036 –0.05 –0.069 –0.075 –0.0661.9 –0.015 –0.018 –0.022 –0.028 –0.038 –0.052 –0.054 –0.043

2 –0.012 –0.014 –0.017 –0.021 –0.029 –0.037 –0.037 –0.0242.2 –0.007 –0.008 –0.009 –0.012 –0.015 –0.017 –0.012 0.0042.4 –0.003 –0.004 –0.004 –0.005 –0.006 –0.003 0.005 0.0242.6 –0.001 –0.001 –0.001 –0.001 0.001 0.007 0.017 0.0372.8 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.014 0.025 0.046

3 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.009 0.018 0.031 0.0533.5 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.013 0.025 0.038 0.061

4 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.01 –0.016 0.028 0.041 0.064

Page 85: lee kesler

TABLE 26B: Lee–Kesler fugacity coefficient values for (log10 f/P)(1)

TR PR

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.3 –8.778 –8.779 –8.781 –8.785 –8.79 –8.797 –8.804

0.35 –6.528 –6.53 –6.532 –6.536 –6.544 –6.551 –6.5590.4 –4.912 –4.914 –4.916 –4.919 –4.929 –4.937 –4.945

0.45 –3.726 –3.728 –3.73 –3.734 –3.742 –3.75 –3.7580.5 –2.838 –2.839 –2.841 –2.845 –2.853 –2.861 –2.869

0.55 –0.013 –2.163 –2.165 –2.169 –2.177 –2.184 –2.1920.6 –0.009 –1.644 –1.646 –1.65 –1.657 –1.664 –1.671

0.65 –0.006 –0.031 –1.242 –1.245 –1.252 –1.258 –1.2650.7 –0.004 –0.021 –0.044 –0.927 –0.934 –0.94 –0.946

0.75 –0.003 –0.014 –0.03 –0.675 –0.682 –0.688 –0.6940.8 –0.002 –0.01 –0.02 –0.043 –0.481 –0.487 –0.493

0.85 –0.001 –0.006 –0.013 –0.028 –0.321 –0.327 –0.3320.9 –0.001 –0.004 –0.009 –0.018 –0.039 –0.199 –0.204

0.93 –0.001 –0.003 –0.007 –0.013 –0.029 –0.048 –0.1410.95 –0.001 –0.003 –0.005 –0.011 –0.023 –0.037 –0.1030.97 0 –0.002 –0.004 –0.009 –0.018 –0.029 –0.0420.98 0 –0.002 –0.004 –0.008 –0.016 –0.025 –0.0350.99 0 –0.002 –0.003 –0.007 –0.014 –0.021 –0.03

1 0 –0.001 –0.003 –0.006 –0.012 –0.018 –0.0251.01 0 –0.001 –0.003 –0.005 –0.01 –0.016 –0.0211.02 0 –0.001 –0.002 –0.004 –0.009 –0.013 –0.0171.05 0 –0.001 –0.001 –0.002 –0.005 –0.006 –0.007

1.1 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.0041.15 0 0 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.011

1.2 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.012 0.0171.3 0 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.017 0.0231.4 0 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.013 0.02 0.0271.5 0 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.0281.6 0 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.0291.7 0 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.0291.8 0 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.0281.9 0 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.014 0.021 0.028

2 0 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.013 0.02 0.0272.2 0 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.013 0.019 0.0252.4 0 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.0242.6 0 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.017 0.0232.8 0 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.016 0.021

3 0 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.023.5 0 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.013 0.018

4 0 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016

Page 86: lee kesler

TABLE 26B: Lee–Kesler fugacity coefficient values for (log10 f/P)(1) (continued)

TR PR

1 1.2 1.5 2 3 5 7 100.3 –8.811 –8.818 –8.828 –8.845 –8.88 –8.953 –9.022 –9.126

0.35 –6.567 –6.575 –6.587 –6.606 –6.645 –6.723 –6.8 –6.9190.4 –4.954 –4.962 –4.974 –4.995 –5.035 –5.115 –5.195 –5.312

0.45 –3.766 –3.774 –3.786 –3.806 –3.845 –3.923 –4.001 –4.1140.5 –2.877 –2.884 –2.896 –2.915 –2.953 –3.027 –3.101 –3.208

0.55 –2.199 –2.207 –2.218 –2.236 –2.273 –2.342 –2.41 –2.510.6 –1.677 –1.684 –1.695 –1.712 –1.747 –1.812 –1.875 –1.967

0.65 –1.271 –1.278 –1.287 –1.304 –1.336 –1.397 –1.456 –1.5390.7 –0.952 –0.958 –0.967 –0.983 –1.013 –1.07 –1.124 –1.201

0.75 –0.7 –0.705 –0.714 –0.728 –0.756 –0.809 –0.858 –0.9290.8 –0.499 –0.504 –0.512 –0.526 –0.551 –0.6 –0.645 –0.709

0.85 –0.338 –0.343 –0.351 –0.364 –0.388 –0.432 –0.473 –0.530.9 –0.21 –0.215 –0.222 –0.234 –0.256 –0.296 –0.333 –0.384

0.93 –0.146 –0.151 –0.158 –0.17 –0.19 –0.228 –0.262 –0.310.95 –0.108 –0.114 –0.121 –0.132 –0.151 –0.187 –0.22 –0.2650.97 –0.075 –0.08 –0.087 –0.097 –0.116 –0.149 –0.18 –0.2230.98 –0.059 –0.064 –0.071 –0.081 –0.099 –0.132 –0.162 –0.2030.99 –0.044 –0.05 –0.056 –0.066 –0.084 –0.115 –0.144 –0.184

1 –0.031 –0.036 –0.042 –0.052 –0.068 –0.099 –0.127 –0.1661.01 –0.024 –0.024 –0.03 –0.038 –0.054 –0.084 –0.111 –0.1491.02 –0.019 –0.015 –0.018 –0.026 –0.041 –0.069 –0.095 –0.1321.05 –0.007 –0.002 0.008 0.007 –0.005 –0.029 –0.052 –0.085

1.1 0.007 0.012 0.025 0.041 0.042 0.026 0.008 –0.0191.15 0.016 0.022 0.034 0.056 0.074 0.069 0.057 0.036

1.2 0.023 0.029 0.041 0.064 0.093 0.102 0.096 0.0811.3 0.03 0.038 0.049 0.071 0.109 0.142 0.15 0.1481.4 0.034 0.041 0.053 0.074 0.112 0.161 0.181 0.1911.5 0.036 0.043 0.055 0.074 0.112 0.167 0.197 0.2181.6 0.036 0.043 0.055 0.074 0.11 0.167 0.204 0.2341.7 0.036 0.043 0.054 0.072 0.107 0.165 0.205 0.2421.8 0.035 0.042 0.053 0.07 0.104 0.161 0.203 0.2461.9 0.034 0.041 0.052 0.068 0.101 0.157 0.2 0.246

2 0.034 0.04 0.05 0.066 0.097 0.152 0.196 0.2442.2 0.032 0.038 0.047 0.062 0.091 0.143 0.186 0.2362.4 0.03 0.036 0.044 0.058 0.086 0.134 0.176 0.2272.6 0.028 0.034 0.042 0.055 0.08 0.127 0.167 0.2172.8 0.027 0.032 0.039 0.052 0.076 0.12 0.158 0.208

3 0.025 0.03 0.037 0.049 0.072 0.114 0.151 0.1993.5 0.022 0.026 0.033 0.043 0.063 0.101 0.134 0.179

4 0.02 0.023 0.029 0.038 0.057 0.09 0.121 0.163

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Table 27A: Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, entropy, and enthalpy of va-porization at 25ºC and 1 atm.

Substance Formula hf0, s 0 ,kJ/kmole

K

hfg0kJ/kmole *TFlame, K

Acetylene (Ethyne) C2H2(g) 226,736 209,170 200.85 2559.4Ammonia NH3(g) –46,190 –16,590 192.33Benzene C6H6(g) 82,930 129,660 269.20 33,830 2354.2Butane–n C4H10(g) –126,150 –15,170 310.03 21,060 2279.6Carbon C(s) 0 0 5.74 2315.9Carbon dioxide CO2(g) –393,520 –394,380 213.67 971.4Carbon monoxide CO(g) –110,530 –137,156 197.56 2404.2Decane–n C10H22 –249530 32970 545.7 40020 2287.0Diesel(light) CH1.8(l) -21,506 3706 2286.6Ethane C2H6(g) –84,680 –32,890 229.49 2269.0Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH(g) –235,310 –168,570 282.59 42,340 2246.2Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH(l) –277,690 –174,890 160.70 2203.2Ethylene (Ethene) C2H4(g) 52,280 68,120 219.83 2383.2Ethylene Glycol (CH2OH)2 –389,320 –304470 323.55 52490 2214.9

Gasoline CH1.87(l) -3363 4239 2325.3

Glucose C6H12O6

–1260,268212 2130.3

Hydrogen H2(g) 0 0 130.57 2060Hydrogen peroxide H2O2(g) –136,310 –105,600 232.63 61,090Hydrogen–monatomic H(g) 218,000 203,290 114.61Hydroxyl OH(g) 39,040 34,280 183.75Lead Pb(c) 0 0 64.81Lead oxide PbO2(c) –277,400 –217,360 68.6Lead sulfate PbSO4(c) –919,940 –813,200 148.57Manganese Mn(c) 0 0 31.8Manganese dioxide MnO2(c) –520,030 –465,180 53.14Manganese trioxide Mn2O3(c) –958,970 –881,150 110.15Mercuric oxide HgO(c) –90,210 –58,400 70.45Mercury Hg(l) 0 0 77.24Methane CH4(g) –74,850 –50,790 186.16 2450.7

Methyl alcohol CH3OH(g) –200,890 –162,140 239.70 37,900 2231.3Methyl alcohol CH3OH(1) –238,810 –166,290 126.80 2157.7Nitric Oxide NO 90,290 86,595 210.65Nitrogen N2(9) 0 0 191.50Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 33,100 51,240 239.91

Nitrogen–monatomic N(g) 472,680 455,510 153.19Nonane–n C9H20 –228,870 24730 506.4 37,690 2286.4Octane–iso(g) C8H18(g) –232,191 2279.8Octane–iso(l) C8H18(l) –263,111 –25948 425.2 31095 2272.1Octane–n(g) C8Hl8(g) –208,450 17,320 463.67 41,460 2285.7Octane–n(l) C8H18(l) –249,910 6,610 360.79 2275.4Oxygen O2(g) 0 0 205.04Oxygen–monatomic O(g) 249,170 231,770 160.95Palmitic Acid(fat) C16H32O2 –834,694 452.37 2259.3Pentane–n C5H12(9) –146,440 –8,200 348.40 31,410 2282.1Propane C3H8(g) –103,850 –23,490 269.91 15,060 2276.9Propylene (Propene) C3H6(g) 20,410 62,720 266.94 18,490 2346.4

kJ/kmolegf

0,kJ/kmoe

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Substance Formula hf0,

K

Sulfur S 0 0 32.06Sulfur dioxide SO2(g) –296,842 –300,194 248.12Sulfur trioxide SO3(g) –395,765 –371,060 256.77Sulfuric acid H2SO4(l) –813,990 –690,100 156.90Sulfuric acid (aq, m = 1) –909,270 –744,630 20.1Water(g) H2O(g) –241,820 –228,590 188.72Water(l) H2O(1) –285,830 –237,180 69.95 44,010Zinc Zn(c) 0 0 41.63Zinc oxide ZnO(c) –343,280 –318,320 43.64

Some of the data are from K. Wark, Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers, McGraw HillBook Co., 1995. Originally from the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Dow Chemical Co.,1971; Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270–3, 1968; and API Re-search Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953.

*TFlame denotes the adiabatic flame temperature for the fuel burning in in air under chemicalequilibrium. The species that are considered are NO, OH, CO, CO2, H2O, H2, N2, O2. Com-puted using THERMOLAB-1 software (available on the CRC website athttp://www.crcpress.com).

kJ/kmolegf

0,kJ/kmoe s 0 ,kJ/kmole hfg0kJ/kmole *TFlame, K

Silver oxide Ag2O(c) –31,050 –11,200 121.7

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Table 27 B: Values of enthalpy of combustion, Gibbs free energy change, entropy change andchemical availability in dry air during combustion of fuels at standard temperature, To = 25ºC,and pressure, po = 1 atm*

M ∆hc0 ∆g0 ∆s0 (∆h0 – ∆g0)/∆g0 AvailF

Fuel Formulaol

MJ/kg MJ/kg kJ/kgK % MJ/kmol

Acetylene C2H2 26.038 –48.3 –47.1 –3.7 +2.4 1265.6Benzene C6H6 78.114 –40.6 –40.8 0.5 –0.4 3298.5Carbon (graphite) C 12.011 –32.8 –32.9 0.2 –0.2 410.26Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 –10.1 –9.2 –3.1 +10.1 275.10Ethane C2H6 30.07 –47.5 –48.0 1.5 –1.0 1493.9Ethanol CH5OH 46.069 –27.8 –28.4 2.1 –2.2 1359.6Ethylene C2H4 28.054 –47.2 –46.9 –1. 1 +0.7 1359.6Ethylene glycol(CH2OH)2

62.07 –17.1 –18.6 5.1 –8.1 1226.4

Hydrogen H2 2.016 –120.0 –113.5 –22.0 +5.8 235.2Isooctane C8H18 114.23 –44.7 –45.8 3.7 –2.4 5375.8Methane CH4 16.043 –50.0 –49.9 –0.3 +0.2 830.2MethanolCH3OH 32.042 –21.1 –21.5 1.4 –1.9 722.3n–Butane C4H10 58.12 –45.8 –46.6 2.7 –1.7 2802.5n–Decane C10H22 142.29 –44.6 –45.7 3.5 –2.3 6726.4n–HeptaneC7HI6 100.21 –45.0 –45.9 3.2 –2.1 4764.3n–Hexane C6H14 86.18 –45.1 –46.1 3.1 –2.0 4110n–Nonane C9H20 128.26 –44.7 –45.7 3.4 –2.2 6072.3n–Octane C8H18 114.23 –44.8 –45.8 3.3 –2.2 5418.6n–Pentane C5HI2 72.15 –45.4 –46.3 2.9 –1.9 3455.8Propane C3H8 44.097 –46.4 –47.1 2.3 –1.5 2149Propylene C3H6 42.081 –45.8 –45.9 0.4 –0.3 1999.9Sulfur S 32.064 –9.2 –9.3 0.3 –0.9 609.6Sulfur monoxide SO 48.063 –6.3 –5.8 –1.6 +8.5 –

Assumed ambient mole fractions: CO2: 0.0003, H2O: 0.0303, N2: 0.7659; O2, 0.2035.Source: E. P. Gyftopoulos, and G. P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Application,Macmillan Publishing Co., NY, 1991. Originally from the data presented by R. C. Weast, Ed.,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 66th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1985;Chemical Availability were calculated by THERMOLAB-1 software (available on the CRCwebsite at http://www.crcpress.com). Other data from A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Ther-modynamics, John Wiley & Sons, 1988.Each constituent before and after combustion is assumed to be in its ideal gas state at T0 andP0.

kg/km

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TABLE 27C: Values of adiabatic flame temperature, entropy generation at 298 K, and compo-sition of some of the product gases for the combustion of various hydrocarbons in a perfectlyinsulated steady state burner.

Fuel Tadiab CO2 CO H NO NO2 N2O

K %

Benzene C6H6 2382.6 27.5 1.61 270 30.1 49.6 10.4 2.7Carbon C 2326.0 26.0 2.25 280 0 44.6 9.5 2.5Ethane C2H6 2300.5 29.0 1.23 155 53.2 35.6 6.6 1.9Ethylene C2H4 2416.6 26.2 1.27 254 56.6 52.9 10.8 2.8Hydrogen H2 2448.5 20.9 0 0 231 46.3 7.4 2.3Isooctane C8H18 2312.1 30.2 1.35 175 45.0 37.2 7.1 2.0Methane CH4 2266.0 28.3 1.12 124 57.5 31.3 5.6 1.7n–Butane C4H10 2311.8 29.6 1.31 170 48.6 37.1 7.01 2.0n–Decane C10H22 2316.4 30.1 1.36 179 44.9 37.8 7.3 2.0n–Heptane C7H16 2316.7 29.9 1.34 178 46.2 37.8 7.2 2.0n–Hexane C6H14 2313.2 29.8 1.34 175 46.4 37.4 7.1 2.0n–Nonane C9H19 30.0 1.36 179 45.2 37.8 7.3 2.0 2.0n–Octane C8H18 2316.1 30.0 1.35 178 45.6 37.8 7.2 2.0n–Pentane C5H12 2313.2 29.7 1.32 173 47.4 37.4 7.1 2.0Propane C8H8 2307.9 29.4 1.28 165 50.3 36.6 6.9 2.0Propylene C3H6 2378.5 27.6 1.33 227 50.8 47.0 9.4 2.5

Source: Tables 27C and 28A from E. P. Gyftopoulos, and G. P. Beretta, Thermodynamics,Foundations and Application, Macmillan Publishing Co., NY, 1991.Combustion for a mixture of each hydrocarbon with the stoichiometric amount of dry air at298 K and 1 atm. Values are determined assuming chemical equilibrium for the gases in theoutlet stream with respect to the reaction mechanisms CO2 → CO + (1/2)O2, H2O → H2

+(1/2)O2, N2 + O2 → 2NO, (1/2)N2 + O2 → NO2 and N2 + (1/2)O2 → N2O. The entropy gen-

eration σ and change in Gibbs free energy during combustion ∆go are per unit amount of fuel.

Formula

mol/MJKmol/MJ mol/MJ mmol/MJmol/MJ mmol/MJAcetylene C2H2 2598.0 22.6 1.17 457 51.4 87.3 19.8 4.6

(Toσ)/∆go

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TABLE 28A: Values of the constants Ak and Bk for the reaction mechanisms of formation ofvarious substances in ideal–gas states at standard pressure, p0 = 1 atm, for use in the approxi-

mate expressionK (T) = exp. (∆A – (∆B/T)), T in K, 298 < T < 5000; ∆A= Σ νk Ak, ∆B= Σ νk Bk

(e.g.: CO2 ⇔ CO +1/ O2, ∆A = 1×ACO +(1/2) ×A O2 – 1×A CO2

)

Substance Formula Ak (K) Bk (K)Acetylene C2H2 6.325 26.818Ammonia NH3 –13.951 –6.462Carbon C 18.871 86.173Carbon (diatomic) C2 22.870 100.582Carbon dioxide CO2 –0.010 –47.575Carbon monoxide CO 10.098 –13.808Carbon tetrafluoride CF4 –18.143 –112.213Chlorine (atomic) Cl 7.244 14.965Chloroform CHCl3 –13.284 –12.327Ethylene C2H4 –9.827 4.635Fluorine (atomic) F 7.690 9.906Freon 12 CC12F2 –14.830 –58.585Freon 21 CHC12F –12.731 –34.190Hydrogen (atomic) H 7.104 26.885Hydronium ion H3O

+ –8.312 71.295Hydroxyl OH 1.666 4.585Hydroxyl ion OH– –6.753 –20.168Methane CH4 –13.213 –10.732Nitric oxide NO 1.504 10.863Nitrogen (atomic) N 7.966 57.442Nitrogen dioxide NO2 –7.630 3.870Nitrogen oxide N2O –8.438 10.249Oxygen (atomic) O 7.963 30.471Oxygen ion O– 0.528 10.048Ozone O3 –8.107 17.307Proton H+ 13.437 188.141Water H2O –6.866 –29.911

Source: Regression of data from the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 2nd ed., D. R. Stull andH. Prophet, Project Directors, NSRDS–NBS37. U.S. Department of Commerce National Bu-reau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 1971.

For any elemental species in natural form, Ak = 0 and Bk = 0.

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TABLE 28B: Logarithms to the base 10 of the equilibrium constant K0.

(1)* H2 ⇔ 2H; (2) O2 ⇔ 2O; (3) N2 ⇔ 2N; (4) 1/2 O2 + 1/2 N2 ⇔ NO; (5) H2O ⇔ H2 + 1/2 O2

; (6) H2O ⇔ OH + 1/2 H2; (7) CO2 ⇔ CO + 1/2 O2; (8) CO2 + H2 ⇔ CO + H2O; (9) N2 + 2O2

⇔ 2 NO2.

T, K (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)298 –71.224 –81.208 –159.600 –15.171 –40.048 –46.054 –45.066 –5.018 -41.355500 –40.316 –45.880 –92.672 –8.783 –22.886 –26.130 –25.025 –2.139 -30.725

1000 –17.292 –19.614 -43.0516 –4.062 – 10.062 –11.280 –10.221 –0.159 -23.0391200 –13.414 –15.208 –34.754 –3.275 –7.899 –8.789 –7.764 +0.135 -21.7521400 –10.630 –12.054 –28.812 –2.712 –6.347 –7.003 –6.014 +0.333 -20.8261600 –8.532 –9.684 –24.350 –2.290 –5.180 –5.662 –4.706 +0.474 -20.1261700 –7.666 –8.706 –22.512 –2.116 –4.699 –5.109 –4.169 +0.530 -19.8351800 –6.896 –7.836 –20.874 –1.962 –4.276 –4.617 –3.693 +0.577 -19.5771900 –6.204 –7.058 –19.410 –1.823 –3.886 –4.177 –3.267 +0.619 -19.3452000 –5.580 –6.356 –18.092 –1.699 –3.540 –3.780 –2.884 +0.656 -19.1362100 –5.016 –5.720 –16.898 1.586 –3.227 –3.422 –2.539 +0.688 -18.9462200 –4.502 –5.142 –15.810 –1.484 –2.942 –3.095 –2.226 +0.716 -18.7732300 –4.032 –4.614 –14.818 –1.391 –2.682 –2.798 –1.940 +0.742 -18.6142400 –3.600 –4.130 –13.908 –1.305 –2.443 –2.525 –1.679 +0.764 -18.472500 –3.202 –3.684 –13.070 –1.227 –2.224 –2.274 –1.440 +0.784 -18.3372600 –2.836 –3.272 –12.298 –1.154 –2.021 –2.042 –1.219 +0.802 -18.2142700 –2.494 –2.892 –11.580 –1.087 –1.833 –1.828 –1.015 +0.818 -18.12800 –2.178 –2.536 –10.914 –1.025 –1.658 –1.628 –0.825 +0.833 -17.9942900 –1.882 –2.206 –10.294 –0.967 –1.495 –1.442 –0.649 +0.846 -17.8963000 –1.606 –1.898 –9.716 –0.913 –1.343 –1.269 –0.485 +0.858 -17.8053100 –1.348 –1.610 –9.174 –0.863 –1.201 –1.107 –0.332 +0.869 -17.723200 –1.106 –1.340 –8.664 –0.815 –1.067 –0.955 –0.189 +0.878 -17.643300 –0.878 –1.086 –8.186 –0.771 –0.942 –0.813 –0.054 +0.888 -17.5663400 –0.664 –0.846 –7.736 –0.729 –0.824 –0.679 +6.071 +0.895 -17.4963500 –0.462 –0.620 –7.312 –0.690 –0.712 –0.552 +0.190 +0.902 -17.431

Source: Based on data from the JANAF Tables, NSRDS–NBS–37, 1971, and revisions pub-lished in Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data through 1982.

* If reactions are reversed (e.g. from H2 ⇔ 2H to 2H ⇔ H2), then reverse the sign for the

numbers in table (e.g. at 2000 K, change from -5.580 for H2 ⇔ 2H to + 5.580 for 2H ⇔ H2).

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TABLE 28B: Logarithms to the base 10 of the equilibrium constant K (continued – reactionsinvolving solid carbon)

(10) C + 1/2 O2 ⇔ CO; (11) C + O2 ⇔ CO2; (12) C + 2H2 ⇔ CH4; (13) C + CO2 ⇔ 2CO; (14)

C + H2O ⇔ CO + H2

T, K (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)298 24.0479 69.0915 11 –20.52 –16.02300 23.9285 68.668 – – –400 19.1267 51.5365 6.65 –13.02 –10.12500 16.2528 41.2582 4.08 –8.64 –6.62600 14.3362 34.4011 2.36 –5.69 –4.26700 12.9648 29.5031 1.12 –3.59 –2.59800 11.9319 25.8266 0.2 –1.98 –1.31900 11.1256 22.9665 –0.53 –0.74 –0.33

1000 10.4777 20.6768 –1.05 0.26 0.481100 9.445 18.8026 –1.49 1.08 1.151200 9.4983 17.24 –1.91 1.74 1.681300 9.1176 15.9165 –2.24 2.3 2.131400 8.79 14.7816 –2.54 2.77 2.51500 8.5045 13.7986 –2.79 3.18 2.831600 – – –3.01 3.56 3.141700 – – –3.2 3.89 3.411750 7.9182 12.0392 – – –1800 – – –3.36 4.18 3.641900 – – –3.51 4.45 6.862000 7.4623 10.3258 –3.64 4.69 4.052100 – – –3.75 4.91 4.222200 – – –3.86 5.1 4.372300 – – –3.96 5.27 4.512400 – – –4.06 5.43 4.642500 6.8008 8.2212 –4.15 5.58 4.762600 – – –4.23 5.72 4.872700 – – –4.3 5.84 4.972800 – – –4.37 5.95 5.062900 – – –4.43 6.05 5.143000 6.3372 6.8437 –4.49 6.16 5.233100 – – –4.55 6.25 5.33200 – – –4.61 6.33 5.373300 – – –4.66 6.41 5.443400 – – –4.71 6.49 5.53500 5.9968 5.7954 –4.75 6.56 5.56