legal aspects of the marine environment protection and oil transportation:
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Legal aspects of the marine environment protection and oil transportation:. example of the Baltic Sea. Ecological risks of the maritime oil transportation. World tanker fleet appr. 7000 vessels Cargo capacity – 76 000 -175 000 tons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Legal aspects of the marine environment protection and oil transportation:
example of the Baltic Sea
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Ecological risks of the maritime oil transportation
• World tanker fleet appr. 7000 vessels• Cargo capacity – 76 000 -175 000 tons• Transportation of oil by tankers and
accidents result in the dumping of 600 000 -1 750 000 tons of oil into the ocean per year;
• Oil spills and oil wastes are extremely damaging for marine landscape and ocean’s inhabitants.
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Baltic Sea:•An average of 2,000 ships are at sea each
day▫including 200 tankers carrying oil or other
potentially harmful products. ▫It is estimated that oil transportation may
increase by 40% by 2017. •The expansion and construction of oil
terminals on the shores of the Gulf of Finland and regional economic growth may lead to even higher increases in shipping.
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Baltic sea
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Ecological risks of maritime oil transportation in the Baltic Sea: types of accidents
34%
50%
6%
6%2%2%
Collision
Grounding
Pollution
MachinerydamageFire
Others
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Causes of accidents:
Technical factor; 25%
External factor 13%
others 8%
Human factor 33%
no information
21%
Human factor
Technical factor
External factor
others
no information
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International law and prevention of oil pollution from ships•Global level:
▫United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10/12/1982 – “umbrella convention”
▫International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969;
▫International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971;
▫International Convention for the prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
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Particular Sensitive Sea Area•The Baltic Sea area: Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (2005) ▫ Traffic separation schemes (new and
amendments to existing);▫ Deepwater route;▫ Areas to be avoided in addition to existing
routing, reporting and pilotage systems plus MARPOL Special Area
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International law and prevention of oil pollution from ships
•Regional level:▫Convention on the Protection of the
Maritime Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention 1992);
▫HELCOM Recommendations•EU-legislature