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International Congress on Legal Metrology, 12 and 13 October 2017, Cartagena, Colombia von 33

Legal metrologyin Germany

Dr. Peter UlbigHead of Division 9„Legal and international metrology“of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

12. October 2017, Cartagena, Colombia


Inhalt

• Introduction and a few remarks about history

• Criteria for measuring instruments to be regulated

• The switch from type approval to conformity assessment

• The legal metrology system of Germany


Introduction

What needs a country to regulate?

- protection for the citizens

- reliable legal framework for a fair economic competition

- rules in case of illegal behavior

Basic principle:

„As much as necessary, as less as possible“


A few remarks about history

2017



1648



Old townhall of Braunschweig

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

Distribution of 21 German cubits at medieval times:

Length in meter



1868



1868

Wilhelm I.of Prussia



1969

1990 2004

2010


Inhalt






Criteria for meas. instruments to be regulated

- Verification stays as an official task to be performed

by verification authorities or state approved testing labs

(no privatization in general!!!)

- Consistent legal framework:

conformity assessment instead of type approval and

initial verification

- Systematic approach for software updates

- Establishment of a powerful committee (for rule setting)

basic points:


- the user has self-interest in correct measurements

- there is no interest to manipulate measurement results

- the measurements are not used for official

measurements

- the measurement results are not expected

to be taken to court

Regulation of measuring instruments is not

necessary, if:



User of a measuring instrument

Accreditedcalibration laboratories

User of a measuring instrument


Verificationauthorities

National standard National standard


Measurements in industry or science!!!

Measurements in sports or military sector!!!

Measurements in the large scale industry!!!

Measurements in the aviation sector (only the mentioned sound level measurements)!!!

Measurements in land surveying!

The German meas. & verification act does not regulate:



The German measurement and verification act:

- Measurements for trade (economic relevance!)

(e. g. consumption of electrical energy)

- Official measurements

(e. g. speed of cars)

- Measurements taken in public interest

(e. g. sound level measurements at airports,

exhaust gas analysis of cars)

All the relevant measuring instruments need

to fulfill the legal requirements!



Inhalt






Switch from type approv. to conf. assessment

Measurementand

verificationact

Measurement and

verificationby-law

EU-Directive2014/31/EC

NAWID*

EU-Directive2014/32/EC

MID**

*Non-Automatic WeighingInstruments Directive

**Measuring Instruments DIrective

EU-Directive2007/45/ECPrepackages



Type approval:

+Initial verification

More options (e. g. QMS)and

testing body can be chosen

+ SATL*

*State approved testing lab



Reverification

„placing on the market“ „use“

+ +

+ SATL


Design ProductionTransport

SaleUser

Periodical

reverification

Placing on

the marketManufacturer Use

Market

surveillanceConformity

assessmentConformity

assessment


Market surveillance: Are there systematic non-conformities of the type?Reverification: Are there non-conformities of individual instruments?


Inhalt






„Central metrology authority“ (according to OIML-D1):

The legal metrology system of Germany

General responsibility foreverything related to metrology

Measurement andverification act

= „toolbox“

Other ministries may decideon regulated instruments,BUT then the generalrequirements of themeasurement and verificationact are valid!


Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB):

The PTB has to ensure uniformity of measurement by

1. giving the verification authorities advice,

2. doing scientific research and

3. supporting standardization in metrology.

The PTB has to have measurement standards for all quantitieswhich are regulated.

The PTB has to perform conformity assessment of meas. instrum..



Private conformity assessment bodies:

Such bodies

- have to be accredited,

- need to take part in a national committee of conformityassessment bodies in metrology and

- can determine their own prices.

Currently there are 4 such bodies (for utility meters).




Verification authorities and state approved testing labs:

In Germany there are about 104 mln. measuring instruments,which are under legal control.

Per year approx. 2 mln. verifications are performed.

There are 13 verification authorities with approx. 1450 employees.

There are 332 state approved testing labs with approx. 2300 employees, supervised by the verification authorities(no accreditation) and which have to apply given prices.



26

70 verificationoffices

332 state approvedtesting services

(114 for electr. meters,100 for gas meters,79 for water meters,39 for heat meters)



Extensive process to integratenew kinds of measuring instrumentsinto the legal frameworkuntil 31 December 2014:

Head ofdptm. LM

State secretary

Minister ofEconomy

Federal Council

Parliament

GermanGovernment

27member

states

Proposal



New approach since 1 January 2015:

Definition of measurement quanities instead of meas. instrum.:

13 regulated general measurement quantitiesfor specific use with defined exceptions:

a) for measurements related to tradeb) for official measurementsc) in case of public interest, if a German law or by-law

requests the use of regulated measuring instruments



The 13 measurement quantities:

1. Length2. Mass3. Temperature4. Pressure5. Volume6. Measurement quantities related to the supply of electrical energy7. Heat and cold8. Density or mass fraction or mass concentration or volume concentration

of liquids9. Density or mass fraction or mass concentration or volume concentration

of liquids of other media than liquids10. Measurement quantities related to the supply of flowing liquids or

flowing gases11. Sound level and related quantities12. Measurement quantities related to traffic13. Dose of ionizing radiation

Currently altogether about 150 measuring instruments!



Exception:instruments ≤ 2m

Example: LengthAll length measuringinstruments

Related to trade

For officialuse

In case ofpublic

interest

Advantage: Innovative new kinds of measuring instruments are covered automatically!



Regulated for use related totrade and official measurements

Not regulatedin case of other applications:

Example: Length


Summary

- Germany switched from type approval and initial verificationto conformity assessment also for nationally regulatedinstruments (1 January 2015)

- Germany kept periodical verification for the (long)period of the use of an measuring instrument

- There are no longer measuring instruments defined,which are under legal control, but measurementquantities to cover also new innovative instrumentswithout big efforts.


Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

Braunschweig und Berlin

Bundesallee 100

38116 Braunschweig

Dr. Peter Ulbig

Head of Division 9

„Legal and international metrology“

Thank you for your kind attention!

Questions / remarks ?

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