legmed finals notes

7/31/2019 Legmed Finals Notes

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ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BODY

Fig. 1. Bones of the human head (in Technicolor!).

Notes:

[1] Labeled as part of the frontal division are the orbit (where your eye fits), lacrimal bones (those situated near your lacrimali.e. tear-generating glands, basta yung nasa may mata), the nasal bone, and the maxilla (the part of your skull where the

upper teeth are attached i.e. your upper jaw). The lower jaw is called the mandible.[2] The parts (lobes) of the brain make use of the same nomenclature (sans zygomatic the human brain is not big enough togo thatlow, see).

Fig. 2. Main parts of the body.

Notes:

[1] The parts are labeled as follows: Head Trunk Chest/back area Arm Forearm Wrist (going further down, we see the [a] hand and its

[b] digits i.e. your fingers) Thigh Leg Foot (at the back is your ankle)

[2] The front part of the body is labeled anterior.[3] The back thereof is labeledposterior.[4] The inner/middle is labeled medial.[5] The outer is labeled lateral.

PARIETAL

OCCIPITAL

FRONTAL

TEMPORAL

ZYGOMATIC


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Fig. 3. (Sucky drawing of) a human arm, labeled by area (with the aid of a two-by-two to help you visualize).

Parts of the chest:

[1] Trunk[2] Chest proper Ribs (aside: when counting, start from the second rib)[3] Abdomensee Figs. 4 and 5[4] Back

Fig. 4. (Sucky drawing of) a human abdomen, divided into quadrants.

Notes:

[1] Dividing the abdomen by quadrants is done for purposes of analyzing/locating/documenting injury (e.g. stab wound in rightupper quadrantthats where your liver is, and when your liver is it, chances are that you will bleed to death).

[2] As you can see, the navel area serves as the origin point of the division.

LATERAL

ANTERIOR

MEDIAL

POSTERIOR

Right Upper

Quadrant

Right Lower

Quadrant

Left Upper

Quadrant

Left Lower

Quadrant


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Parts of female genitalia:

[1] Labia (minora and majora)[2] Hymen

In rape: injury laceration; pinpointing of location clock-type (e.g. laceration of hymen at the four-oclock position)

DEATH

What is death?

Death is the termination of life, the complete cessation of all vital functions without possibility of resuscitation.

For legal purposes, when do you determine that a person is dead?

First, perform ECG (electro-cardiogram);flatlining of ECG = death (event thereof attached to records of patient).

What changes happen to the body when a person dies?

[1] Temperature drops/cools down ~ 3h after death[2] Changes in the muscles

First, muscles becomes flaccidthink lantang gulay) ~ 3h from temp. drop Then, rigor mortis ~ (slow process) ~ 12h upon death (complete rigor mortis) Then, muscles become completely flaccid ~ 12h from complete rigor mortis (24-36h from death) And finally, decomposition

[3] Changes in the blood ~ post-mortem lividity (blood goes down to the most dependent parts of the body) ~ 3hfrom death

Importance: in determining position of body when it diedHow would you know if a person died of homicide or suicide (aside from suicide notes)?

[1] Stiffening of muscles (or trigger finger, in case of suicide by shooting) Different from rigor mortis In traumatic death: cadaveric spasm (i.e. pagkamatay, matigas na agad) due to tension, adrenaline ~

localized stiffening ~ all other parts of the body (muscles) stiffen 3h from temperature drop

How would you know if a person died of drowning?

[1] Cadaveric spasm; hands firmly clenched evidence of struggle to swim upwardsIn case of slit/cut throat, how do you determine whether it is a suicide or homicide?

[1] If homicide, normally, slit would be below the Adams apple[2] If suicide, slit would be diagonal and begins above the Adams apple

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