lego construction of burj dubai

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Burj KhalifaDubai, United Arab Emirates

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Burj Khalifa

Described as both a Vertical City and A Living Wonder, BurjKhalifa,attheheartofdowntownDubai,isalsotheworlds

tallestbuilding.

DevelopedbyDubai-basedEmaarPropertiesPJSC,

Burj Khalifa rises gracefully from the desert and honors

thecitywithitsextraordinaryunionofart,engineeringand

meticulouscraftsmanship.

At828meters(2,716.5feet),theequivalentofa200

story building, Burj Khalia has 160 habitable levels, the most

ofanybuildingintheworld.ThetowerwasinauguratedonJanuary4,2010,tocoincidewiththefourthanniversaryof

theAccessionDayofHisHighnessSheikhMohammedBin

Rashid Al Maktoum Vice President and Prime Minister of

theUAEandRulerofDubai.

Arguably the worlds most interesting construction

project, Burj Khalia is responsible or a number o world-frsts.

Thetowerbecametheworldstallestman-madestructure

just 1,325 days ater excavation work started in January 2004.

Burj Khalia utilized a record-breaking 330,000 cubic

meters(430,000cubicyards)ofconcrete; Emaar Properties PJSC

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39000tonsosteelreinorcement;103000squaremeters(1.1millionsquareeet)oglass;and15500squaremeters

(167,000 square eet) o embossed stainless steel. The tower

took22millionman-hourstobuild.

With a total built-up area o 526,000 square

meters (5.67 million square eet), Burj Khalia eatures

170,000 square meters (1.85 million square eet)

o residential space, over 28,000 square meters

(300000squareeet)oocespacewithremainingaoccupiedbyaluxuryhotel.

In 2003, as a result o an international design compet

SkidmoreOwings&MerrillLLP(SOM)wasselected

a group o ve international competitors to carry out

architectureandengineeringotheBurjKhalia.

With amous architecture in the Haj Terminal at Jed

AirportandNationalCommercialBankSOMisnostra

toMiddleEasterndesign.SOMincorporatedpatterns

Emaar Properties PJSC Emaar Properties PJSC


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elements rom traditional Islamic architecture, butthemostinspiringmusewasaregionaldesertowerthe

Hymenocallis, whose harmonious structure is one o the

organizing principles o the towers design. Three petals

arearrangedinatriangularshapeanduniedatthecenter

and instead o repeated identical patterns, the architectural

planappointssuccessivelyrecedingandrotatedstories.

TheY-shapedplanisidealorresidentialandhotelusawith the wings allowing maximum outward views and inw

naturallight.Viewedromaboveorromthebasethe

otheY-shapedplanevokestheoniondomesoIsla

architecture.Duringthedesignprocessengineersrota

thebuilding120degreesromitsoriginallayouttored

stressromprevailingwinds.

Emaar Properties PJSC Emaar Properties PJSC Emaar Properties PJSC Emaar Properties PJSC

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Architecturally, the building transorms itsel rom a solid

base expression to a vertically expressed middle section o

polished stainless steel projected metal ns and glass. Only

vertical elements were used here, as the ne dust in Dubais

airwouldbuilduponanyhorizontalprojectingelements.

Emaar Properties PJSC Emaar Properties PJSC


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To support the unprecedented height o the building,

the engineers developed a new structural system called

the buttressed core, which consists o a hexagonal core

reinorcedbythreebuttressesthatormtheYshape.Each

wing, with its own high perormance concrete corridor walls

and perimeter columns, buttresses the other wings through

a connection to the six-sided central core, or hexagonal

hub.Theresultisatowerthatisexteremlystiflaterallyand

torsionally.

Each tier o the building sets back in a spiral steppingpattern up the building. The setbacks are organized

with the towers grid, such that the building stepping is

accomplishedbyaligningcolumnsabovewithwallsbelow

toprovideasmoothloadpath.Thisallowstheconstruction

toproceedwithoutthenormaldicultiesassociatedwith

columntransers.

The setbacks are organized such that the towers width

changesateachsetback.Theadvantageothestepping

andshapingistoconusethewind.Thewindvorticesarenever allowed to build up because at each new tier the wind

The structural system

EmaarPropertiesPJSC RebarconstructionEmaarProper tie

BurjKhalifastructuralplan.pdfSO

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encountersadiferentbuildingshape.

Thisstructuralsystemenablesthebuildingtosupportitsel

laterallyandkeepsitromtwisting.

At the top, the central core emerges and transitions to

aspecialsteelramedstructurewhichissculptedtoorma

nished spire. The spire o Burj Khalia is composed o more

than4000tonsostructuralsteel.

The building utilizes high-speed, non-stop shuttle

elevatorstoskylobbyoorswherepassengerstranserto

localelevatorsservingtheoorsinbetween.

Burj Khalia has 57 elevators

and8escalators.Travelling

at 10 meters/sec (33 eet/

sec)persecondtheyhave

the worlds longest travel

distance rom lowest to

highest stop. The building

service/remans elevator

willhaveacapacityo5500

kilograms (12,000 pounds)and is the worlds tallest

serviceelevator.

To achieve the greatest

efciencies, the mechanical,

electrical and plumbing

services or Burj Khalia

were developed all together

duringthedesignphaseo

the tower in cooperation withthearchitectstructural

BurjKhali fawind.jpgSOM Ins idethehigh-speedelevatorEmaarPropertiesPJSC

EmaarPropertiesPJSC


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engineers and other consultants. The towers water

system supplies an average o 946,000 liters (250,000

gallons) o water daily. At peak cooling, Burj Khalia will

require about 10,000 tons o cooling, equal to the cooling

capacity provided by about 10,000 tons o melting ice. Dubais

hot, humid climate combined with the buildings cooling

requirementscreatesasignicantamountocondensation.

This water is collected and drained in a separate piping system

toaholdingtankinthebasementcarpark.Thecondensate

collectionsystemprovidesabout57millionliters(15milliongallons) o supplement water per year, equal to about 20

Olympic-sizedswimmingpools.Thetowerspeakelectrical

demandis50MVAequivalenttoroughly500000100-watt

lightbulbsalloperatingatthesametime.

Emaar Properties PJSC

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Facts about Burj Khalia

Location..........................DowntownDubaiDubaiUnitedArabEmirates

Architect..........................SkidmoreOwings&Merrill LLP(SOM)

Buildingtype...............SupertallskyscraperMaterials.........................Reectiveglazingaluminum

andtexturedstainlesssteelConstruction................ReinorcedconcreteandsteelDate...................................From2004to2010Floorarea.......................464511m2 (5.67millionsquareeet)Height...............................828meters(2716.5t.)Stories..............................160+stories



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WiththedesignandengineeringoBurjKhaliaSkidmore

Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), joined orces with Dubai based

developersEmaarPropertiesPJSCtoredenewhatwas

possiblewithsupertallbuildings.

With a portolio that includes some o the most

importantarchitecturalaccomplishmentsothe20thand

21st centuries, including the John Hancock Center and Willis

(ormerlySears)TowerSOMwasperectlyplacedtocarry

outthischallengingtask.

TocreateBurjKhaliaabuildingthatshattersallprevious height records at 828 meters (2,716.5 eet) a team o

more than 90 designers and engineers combined cutting edge

technology and culturally-infuenced design to create a

global icon that will serve as a model or uture urban centers.

The architects

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The interior is inspired by localculture while staying mindfulof thebuildingsstatusasaglobaliconandresidence.Thedesignfeaturesglass,

stainless steel and polished dark

stones,together withsilvertravertineflooring, Venetian stucco walls,handmaderugsandstoneflooring.


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Over26,000 glasspanels wereusedintheexteriorcladdingofBurjKhalifa. Over300 cladding

specialists from China werebroughtinforthecladdingworkonthetower.


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The opening ceremony of Burj Khalifafeaturedadisplayof10,000fireworks,lightbeams and further sound, light andwatereects. Using 868 powerful stroboscopelights that are integrated into the faade

andspire,dierentlightingsequenceswerechoreographed,togetherwithmorethan50dierentcombinationsoftheothereects.


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It will take 36 workers three

to four months to clean theentireexterior faadeusingallbuildingmaintenanceunits.


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Burj Khalia is truly the product o international

collaboration; over 60 consulants including 30 on-sitecontracting companies rom around the world were

involvedintheproject.

At the peak o construction, over 12,000 proessionals and

skilled workers rom more than 100 countries were on site

every day. The worlds astest high-capacity construction

hoistswithaspeedoupto2meters/sec(6.5eet/sec)

(120meters/min)wereusedtomovemenandmaterials.

Over 45,000 cubic meters (1.59 million cubic eet) o

concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tons, were used

toconstructtheconcreteandsteeloundationswhich

eature192pilesburiedmorethan50meters(164eet)

deep. Burj Khalia employs a record-breaking 330,000

cubicmeters(11.6millioncubiceet)oconcrete;39000

m/toreinorcedsteel;103000squaremeters(1.1million

square eet) o glass; 15,500 square meters. (166,800 squareeet) o embossed stainless steel; and the tower took

22millionman-hourstobuild.

The amount o reinorced steel used at the tower, wou

laidendtoendextendoveraquarterothewayarotheworld.Theconcreteusedisequivalenttoasidew

1900kilometers(1200miles)inlengthandthewei

o110000elephants.Theweightotheemptybuild

is500000tons.

Thetoweraccomplishedaworldrecordorthehig

installationoanaluminumandglassacadeatahe

o512meters(1679.8eet).Thetotalweightoalumin

used on Burj Khalia is equivalent to that o ve A

aircratandthetotallengthostainlesssteelbulln

nsis293timestheheightotheEifelTowerinPari

Construction Highlights



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AsanArchitecturalArtistmydesireistocapturetheessence

oaparticulararchitecturallandmarkintoitspuresculpturalorm.Irstandoremostdonotviewmymodelsas literal

replicasbutrathermyownartistic interpretationsthrough

theuseoLEGObricksasamedium.TheLEGObrickis

notinitiallythoughtoasamaterialtypicallyusedincreating

artorusedasanartistsmedium.Iquicklydiscoveredthe

LEGObrickwaslendingitselasnaturallytomyapplications

aspainttoapainterormetaltoablacksmith.AsIexplore

howtocapturethesebuildingswiththebasicshapesothe

bricksandplatesIndthepossibilitiesandchallengestheyoferalmostmagical.

BurjKhalia

Thismodelhastwouniquedetailssurroundingitslaunch.It

istherstInternationalmodeltobeshowcasedintheLEGO

Architecturelineanditisalsothelatestskyscrapersincethe

SeattleSpaceNeedleincontinuingtheLandmarktheme.In

termsordesignchallengesthismodelreallyonlyhadaew.Asimpressiveastherealstructureiswhencapturedinits

smallerLEGOormtheonlydiscernableormisits3-spo

geometry. Y-shapes & triangular shapes can be trickconstructusingsquarebricks.Howeverinthiscasethe

oasingleTechnic3-bladedrotorpropellerestablishes

basisotheentiremodel.FromthereIwasabletohav

pointsand1inthecentralcoretotaling10nodesromw

tobuildupwardverticallywhileexpandingthepropell

add2downwardverticalpointsromeachbladetotaling

additional6nodes.Sothatsinglepropellerpieceancho

16radialnodesandthuscapturingtheessenceothee

design.

AdamReedTucker

AWordromtheArtist

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Architectureawonderulgame

ThiswasthetitleorratheraparaphraseotheFrench

title(Larchitectureestunjeumagnique)oa1985exhibition hosted by the Pompidou Centre in Paris

where 30 young European architects were given the

opportunity to play with the amous Danish LEGO

bricks.TheoriginalideawasactuallyDutchRotterdams

Kunststichtingarrangingasmalleventthepreviousyear

where ten local architects were let loose on a large

numberoLEGObricks.Suchwasthesuccessothisrst

initiativethatthePompidouCentredecidedtoexpand

the idea to include 30 youngaspiring architects romacross Europetheir goal to each drawanimaginary

villawhichwouldthenbrickbybrickbebuiltatLEGO

HQinBillund.

During theeventmanyaquotationwasused

romthehistoryoarchitecture.ForexampletheItalian

Renaissance architect Palladio was quoted alongside

modernistssuchasMiesvanderRoheandGeritRietveld

the quotes relating to architectural projects rom oilplatormstoromantic ruins.Itwasacaseonoholds

barredandeventhoughsomeotheprojectsprodu

bythe30talentsendedinweirdandwonderulpseu

philosophicalcommentsonopportunitiesor rather

lackosameintheEighties itwasallnevertheleswonderulgame.


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Reerences

Text credits:


Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Photo credits:


Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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