lehrstuhl für waldbau, technische universität münchenljubljana, 19. oktober 2007 carbon pro...

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität München Ljubljana, 19. Oktober 2007

Carbon Pro Transnational Guidelines on Models for Carbon Balance

Bernhard Felbermeier


How do we observe carbon ?

Time resolutionSpatial

resolution

Direct CO2 Measurement

high low

Indirect Measurement

low high


Why do we need models ?

Local scale Regional scale

Direct CO2 Measurement

Calculation of

carbon balances

Upscaling from local values to

regional estimates

Indirect Measurement


Kyoto requirements: Land use objectives

(Kyoto Protocol)

• Art. 3.3– Afforestation: conversion of non-forested land not been

forested more than 50 years– Reforestation: conversion of non-forested land not been

forested since 50 years– Deforestation: conversion of forested land to nonforested

land

• Art. 3.4– Management: Sustainable management including

ecological, social and economic objectives


Kyoto requirements: Carbon Pools

(2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories)

• Biomass– above-ground– below-ground biomass

• Dead organic matter– dead wood– litter

• Soil organic matter


Objective of the Guidelines


Contents

1. Carbon Pro Project2. Kyoto protocol and carbon balance3. Introduction to the Guidelines4. Identification and choice of the models for carbon balance

1. Short description of models used in Carbon Pro project1. CO2 FIX2. BIOME-BGC3. GOTILWA+4. ROTH C5. WBE6. GORCAM

• Models comparison1. Inputs2. Outputs3. Pools4. Budget5. Other important information6. Strengths and weaknesses

5. References


Description of models: Introduction(example Biome-BGC)

“Biome-BGC is a process based mechanistic biogeochemical model that can be used to simulate carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes of different terrestrial ecosystems (deciduous and evergreen forests, grasslands, shrubs) (Running and Hunt, 1993). Recently some researchers start to evaluate it for croplands. Biome-BGC is based on a daily time step. Biome-BGC parameterisation is very well documented (White et al., 2000) and the model has been calibrated for a large variety of ecosystems and scales (cfr. White et al., 2000; Mollicone et al, 2003, Churkina et al, 2003).”


Description of models(example Biome-BGC)


Description of models: Input(example Biome-BGC)

“Biome-BGC requires three groups of information: meteorological data, geomorphologic and soil site characteristics and vegetation eco-physiological parameters.

Meteorological dataThe following meteorological variables are required by Biome-BGC: • Daily maximum temperature (°C) • Daily minimum temperature (°C) • Daylight average temperature (°C) • Daily total precipitation (cm) • Daylight average partial pressure of water vapour (Pa) • Daylight average short-wave radiant flux density (W/m2) • Daylight length (s) Where only maximum and minimum temperatures, together with the rain amount,

are available, then a proper data generator must be adopted to obtain the others variables. Many tools are available: Climatica (Danuso e Sandra, 2005: Danuso, 2002), MT-Clim (Hungerford et al, 1989), produced by same group that develop Biome-BGC, Clim-gen (Nick et al, 94; Stockle et al, 1998), now embedded in Cropsyst suite distribution.”


Description of models: Input (example Biome-BGC)

“Site geomorphologic and soil characteristicsA description, in terms of geographical and soil characteristics have to be given,

using the following list of variables.• Site elevation (m) and latitude (degrees)• Site short-wave albedo (-)• Total atmospheric deposition of N (kgN/m2/yr)• Total fixation of N (kgN/m2/yr)• Effective soil depth (m)• Sand /silt/ clay % by volume in rock-free soil• Initially soil water content (% on saturation)• First-year maximum leaf/stem carbon (kgC/m2) • Coarse woody debris carbon (kgC/m2)• Litter carbon, labile pool (kgC/m2), unshielded cellulose pool (kgC/m2), shielded

cellulose pool (kgC/m2), lignin pool (kgC/m2)• Soil carbon, fast microbial recycling pool (kgC/m2), medium microbial recycling

pool (kgC/m2), slow microbial recycling pool (kgC/m2), recalcitrant SOM (slowest) (kgC/m2)

• Litter nitrogen, labile pool (kgN/m2)• Soil nitrogen, mineral pool (kgN/m2)”


Description of models: Input (example Biome-BGC)

“Vegetation eco-physiological parametersBiome-BGC builds a vegetation configuration using the following list of parameters.

For a detailed description of such list a web page is available in Biome-BGC web site. The following list is used to build the vegetation configuration file. Many different configurations are yet available on the Biome BGC site, but a specific calibration for each experiment is advised in order to obtain significant outputs.

• Year day to start new growth (when phenology flag = 0)• Year day to end litterfall (when phenology flag = 0)• Transfer growth period as fraction of growing season (-)• Litterfall as fraction of growing season (-)• Annual leaf and fine root/wood turnover fraction (1/yr)• Annual whole-plant mortality fraction (1/yr) and annual fire mortality fraction

(1/yr)• New fine root C: new leaf C (Allocation) (-)• New stem C: new leaf C (Allocation) (-) • New live wood C: new total wood C (Allocation) (-)• New root C: new stem C (Allocation) (-)• Current growth proportion (Allocation) (-) “ …


Description of models: Output(example Biome-BGC)

“Biome-BGC provides three time specific outputs: daily, monthly and yearly. Output settings and formats can be managed by the user (cfr Biome-BGC Users guide). However there is a set of standard variable, on annual scale, that Biome-BGC produces as output for a common simulation without settings. Some of these are simply a synthetic annual view of input data.

• ann PRCP = annual total precipitation (mm/yr)• ann Tavg = annual average air temperature (deg C)• max LAI = annual maximum value of projected leaf area index (m2/m2)• ann ET = annual total evapo-transpiration (mm/yr)• ann OF = annual total outflow (mm/yr)• ann NPP = annual total net primary production (gC/m2/yr)• ann NPB = annual total net biome production (gC/m2/yr)

To this simple set, it is very simple to add gross primary production, maintenance respiration, growth respiration, heterotrophic respiration, total vegetation C, total litter C, total soil C, total daily litterfall.”


Description of models: Availability(example Biome-BGC)

“Model and relative technical documentation are freely available to the public and can be downloaded from the website: http://www.ntsg.umt.edu/model/bgc. In the website it’s possible to find also example input and initialisation data, meteorological data for many WMO sites and an excel version of the model.

The Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 code is copyrighted. You may not make copies of any part of the code for distribution to any other person or group. However, anyone can get a free copy of the code from the NTSG website: www.forestry.umt.edu/ntsg (go to the "Models to Download" section). The reason for this restriction is that the developers want to keep track of who has what version of the public release benchmark code, so that they can let our user community know when there are updates. If you use Biome-BGC in your research, the developers request that you include the following acknowledgement in the relevant manuscripts.”


Contents

1. Carbon Pro Project2. Kyoto protocol and carbon balance3. Introduction to the Guidelines4. Identification and choice of the models for carbon balance

1. Short description of models used in Carbon Pro project1. CO2 FIXb2. BIOME-BGC3. GOTILWA+4. ROTH C5. WBE6. GORCAM

2. Models comparison1. Inputs2. Outputs3. Pools4. Budget5. Other important information6. Strengths and weaknesses

5. References


Models comparison: Input tables

• General information, • Vegetational and physiologic data• Soil data• Litter data• Meteorological data• Geomorphologic data• Products data


Models comparison: Output tables • Vegetational and eco-physiologic outputs• Soil outputs• Meteorological outputs• Product outputs


Models comparison: Pools


Models comparison: Budget(example Biome-BGC)


Models comparison: Other important information


Models comparison: Strengths and weaknesses


CarbonPro Sources

• Guidelines project homepage: www.carbonpro.org• Models Metadatabase via project homepage


Thank you for your attention !

lehrstuhl für waldbau, technische universität münchenljubljana, 19. oktober 2007 carbon pro...

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