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Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses

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Page 1: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Lenses

Contain both convex and concave lenses

Page 2: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Lenses

Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification and correct color aberrations

Page 3: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Lenses

Each element adds the chance for reflection in the lens

Called lens flare

Page 4: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Focal Length

A measurement of the magnifying power of a lens

Page 5: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Focal Length

As magnification increases, field of view decreases

50mm - normal film lens

Page 6: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Prime and Zoom Lenses

Prime Lens -fixed focal length

Zoom - can adjust the focal length (magnification)

Page 7: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure

Too much light, the picture is overexposed

Too little light, the picture is underexposed

Page 8: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure

A camera has two mechanical mechanisms for controlling exposure:

ApertureShutterShutter, Aperture (in the lens)

Page 9: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

An expandable opening like the iris of your eye that controls how much light passes through the lens

Page 10: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

Usually constructed of thin, sliding, interlocking metal plates

Page 11: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

As you close the iris down to a smaller aperture, it stops more light from reaching the image sensor

Page 12: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

The size of the aperture is measured in stops or f-stops

The higher the f-stop rating, the more light the aperture is stopping

Page 13: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

“Lens speed” is determined by how wide its iris or aperture can open.

The wider the aperture, the faster the exposure can be.

Page 14: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Fast lenses

A lens that can be opened to f1.8 is much faster than a lens that can only open to f4.

Can shoot in lower light and have a wider range of aperture settings - more creative freedom.

More difficult to build - more expensive

Page 15: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Aperture

Aperture and shutter speed are interrelated

Page 16: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Shutter

Opens and closes very quickly to control how much light passes through to the image sensor

Page 17: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Shutter

Shutter speed is a measure of how long the shutter stays open, measured in seconds and fractions of seconds

Page 18: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

Means that many different shutter speed/aperture settings all yield the same exposure

1/30 @ f16

1/60 @ f11

1/125 @ f8

Page 19: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

If shutter speed or aperture is shifted in one direction, the other is shifted in the opposite direction the same amount.

Page 20: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

If a proper exposure calls for 1/60 sec. and f16, what should the f-stop be if the exposure time was decreased to 1/125?

Page 21: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

ISO can also affect shutter speed and/or aperture settings

Page 22: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

Every time the ISO value is doubled, it makes the image sensor twice as sensitive

Each value = 1 stop

Page 23: Lenses Contain both convex and concave lenses. Lenses Many concave and convex lenses, called elements are grouped together to produce a specific magnification

Exposure - Reciprocity

The higher the ISO value, the more noise there is in the picture, similar to grain in an image made from film with a higher ISO.


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