Leonidas Osvaldo GirardinFundación Bariloche / CONICET

Coordinator of the GHG Inventories of the SNC - ARGENTINATechnical Workshop on Emissions from Aviation and Maritime Transport

European Environment Agency - Oslo, October 4th 2007

Emissions from Aviation in the Argentina’s National

GHG Inventory

Argentina’s GHG National Inventories

National Circumstances– Developing Country. Aviation Emission may

increase according to social and economic development

– Location: So far away from main global commercial routes and central countries

– Privatization process implied replacement of passengers transport by train for domestic aviation and road transport

– An explosive increase of foreign tourism since 2002-2003 that have influence in international but also in domestic flights.

– Almost all the flights (domestic and international land and take off from Buenos Aires Airports – Jorge Newbery – domestic ones - and Ezeiza -international ones-).

Argentina’s GHG National Inventories

Background– Initial National Communication (1996-1997)

GHG National Inventories for 1990 and 1994 1995 OECD/IPCC Guidelines

– Revision of the Initial National Communication (1999)

GHG National Inventory for 1997 Revision of the GHG National Inventories for 1990 and

1994 1996 Revised OECD/IPCC Guidelines

– Second National Communication (2005-2006) GHG National Inventory for 2000 Revision of the GHG National Inventories for 1990,

1994 and 1997 1996 Revised OECD/IPCC Guidelines – Best Practices

(2000) – LULUCF Sector Best Practices (2004)

Argentina’s GHG National Inventories Guidelines for National Communications from Non Annex I

Parties (Decision 17/CP.8). 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas

Inventories. Reporting Instructions, Workbook and Reference Manual.

IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000)

IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Land Use Change and Forestry, 2004)

Common Reporting Format (Annex I) National Inventory Report (Annex I) Own Disaggregated Methodology for Energy Sector (Fuel

Combustion and Fugitive Emissions) Methodological Adjustments for Fugitive Emissions of CO2

in Gas Fields.

GHG Inventory Work Team Composition

– Fundación Bariloche – Coordination – Energy Sector

– CNEA – Industrial Processes and Solvents.

– Faculty on Engineering (UBA) – ”F” Gases

– Faculty on Agronomy (UBA) – Agriculture

– INTA – Livestock Sector

– LISEA (UNLP) – LULUCF

– Faculty on Exact and Natural Sciences (UBA) – Waste Management

Argentina’s GHG National Inventories

-50000,00

0,00

50000,00

100000,00

150000,00

200000,00

250000,00

300000,00

1990 1994 1997 2000

CUSS

Desechos

Agricultura

Procesos Industriales

Energía

Argentina’s 2000 National GHG Inventory Key Source Categories (Level)

Source Categories DirectGHG

Level (%)

Cumulative (%)

CO2 Emissions – Steady Sources CO2 27.94 27.94

N2O Emissions – Agriculture Soils N2O 23.14 51.08

CH4 Emissions – Enteric Fermentation

CH4 20.42 71.50

CO2 Emissions – Road Transport CO2 12.50 84.00

CH4 Emissions – Fugitive Oil and NG

CH4 3.83 87.83

CH4 Emissions – Landfills CH4 2.66 90.49

CH4 Emissions – Wastewater CH4 1.97 92.46

CO2 Emissions – Iron and Steal CO2 1.80 94.26

CO2 Emissions – Cement CO2 0.95 95.21

Argentina’s 2000 National GHG Inventory Participation of Aviation’s related

EmissionsIn Gg.

  CO2eq. CO2 CH4 N2O

Aviation 1487 1459 0.58 0.05

Transport 40238 38969 41.61 1.27

Energy 131961 118712 582.87 3.25

Total (including LULUCF) 238703 84383 85433.00 67563.00

Total (without LULUCF) 282001 128324    

In %

  CO2eq. CO2 CH4 N2O

Transport 3.70 3.74 1.39 3.94

Energy 1.13 1.23 0.10 1.54

Total (including LULUCF) 0.62 1.73 0.0007 0.0001

Total (without LULUCF) 0.53 1.14    

Information Sources for calculating Aviation Emissions

– National Institute of Statistics and Census (Domestic Flights Indicators and Information)

– Secretariat on Energy – National Energy Balance

(Fuel Consumption and Bunkers)

– Regulator Organism on the National System of Airports

(Statistics on Landing and Take Offs)

– Argentine Guide for Air Transport (GATA) Guide of Flights.

(Statistics on Landing and Take Offs Disaggregated by type of Aircraft)

Methodology and Steps followed to estimate Aviation Emissions in the Argentina’s 2000 GHG National Inventory

Methodology: TIER 2 – 1996 Revised Guidelines of OECD/IPCC, based on LTO cycles.

Emissions regarding to International Aviation were calculated only for being informed and added to International Bunkers. We considered important to make de effort of calculating them to double check the data on Domestic Aviation Emissions and International Bunker

9 Steps:1. To Identify Total Fuel Consumption for Domestic and International Aviation, departing from National Energy Balance2. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for LTO cycle for each type of Aircraft (ORSNA)3. Calculate LTO cycles applying OECD/IPCC Methodology

Methodology and Steps followed to estimate Aviation Emissions in the Argentina’s 2000 GHG National Inventory

(Continuation)

9 Steps (Continuation):4. To Determine the number of Commercial Flights (Domestic and International in all Argentina’s Airports) according to GATA Guide of Flights for year 2000. 5. Estimation of all the LTO for each type of aircraft based on GATA Guide.6. Estimation of LTO (Domestic and International) regarding Flights not registered in GATA Guide (Officials, etc.). Information brought by Air Force less GATA Guide information.7. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for each type of aircraft to flights (domestic and international) not included in the GATA Guide, based on the LTO for each type of aircraft.8. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for each type of aircraft in Cruise activities.9. Calculation of Emissions based on the Fuel Consumptions for LTO and Cruise activities for each type of aircraft applying the corresponding Emission Factors of OECD/IPCC.

Argentina’s 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Landing and Take Offs in all the

Airports of Argentina

TypeRegular

Commerce OfficialNon Regular Commerce

Total Landing

and Take Offs

Domestic 266.512 54.135 95.778 416.425

International 60.553 658 17.531 78.743

Source: 2000 Yearbook. Regulator Organism on the National System of Airports – ORSNA.

Aviation: LTO Distribution depending on type of aircraft

Type Type of Aircraft Annual LTO Percentage (%)

B-737 47.944 41,22%

M88 5.616 4,83%

M81 676 0,58%

DC-9 9.152 7,87%

37A 9.464 8,14%

B767 8.424 7,24%

F28 9.932 8,54%

J31 20.436 17,57%

ATR 3.64 3,13%

F27 416 0,36%

Twin Other 520 0,45%

Aerovip 104 0,09%

TOTAL LTO 116.324 100%

International

B-777 2571 8,73%

B-767 1950 6,63%

B-757 325 1,10%

B-747 1655 5,62%

B-747-200 30 0,10%

B-747-400 975 3,31%

B-727 148 0,50%

B-737 4255 14,46%

B-737-300 0

MD-11 975 3,31%

DC-10 118 0,40%

F-100 1832 6,22%

A-310 443 1,51%

A-320 3043 10,34%

Tupolev 0

IL-6 148 0,50%

M-88 3280 11,14%

A-330 207 0,70%

A-340 1595 5,42%

B732 384 1,31%

B733 2718 9,24%

B734 768 2,61%

B73G 295 1,00%

B744 384 1,31%

B763 620 2,11%

B737-700 177 0,60%

OLG2 30 0,10%

57A 30 0,10%

67A 325 1,10%

Domestic

Aviation: Fuel Consumption depending on type of aircraft

Specific Consumption

( m3/LTO)

B-737 47944 54590 1,139

M88 5616 6971 1,241

M81 676 839 1,241

DC-9 9152 9922 1,084

37A 9464 3514 0,371

B767 8424 16858 2,001

F28 9932 8187 0,824

J31 20436 7588 0,371

ATR 3640 1351 0,371

F27 416 343 0,824

Twin Other 520 193 0,371

Aerovip 104 39 0,371

Saab 16932 6287 0,371

F-28 27068 22311 0,824

F-28 47888 39473 0,824

TOTAL DOMESTIC 208212 178465 144,199,713

B-777 2571 8154 3,172

B-767 1950 3903 2,001

B-757 325 504 1,551

B-747 1655 6966 4,210

B-747-200 30 125 4,225

B-747-400 975 4120 4,225

B-727 148 258 1,749

B-737 4255 4844 1,139

B-737-300 0 0 1,139

MD-11 975 1210 1,241

DC-10 118 348 2,947

F-100 1832 1687 0,921

A-310 443 845 1,907

A-320 3043 3088 1,015

Tupolev 0 0 4,153

IL-6 148 168 1,139

M-88 3280 4071 1,241

A-330 207 571 2,762

A-340 1595 3989 2,500

B732 384 596 1,551

B733 2718 4215 1,551

B734 768 1191 1,551

B73G 295 458 1,551

B744 384 596 1,551

B763 620 962 1,551

B737-700 177 202 1,139

OLG2 30 34 1,139

57A 30 34 1,139

67A 325 370 1,139

75M 148 168 1,139

B-737 849 966 1,139

F-28 329 271 0,824

F-28 8766 7225 0,824

TOTAL INTERNACIONAL 39372 62141

Domestic

International

Type Type of Aircraft Annual LTO

Fuel Consumption

(m3)

Aviation: Fuel Consumption in LTO and Cruise Stages

Fuel JP-1 Domestic International Total

Total Consumption 572.317 1.151.460 1.723.777

Consumption in LTO 178.465 62.141 240.606

Consumption in "Crucero" 393.852 1.089.319 1.483.171

31,18% 5,40% 13,96LTO/Total

Argentina’s 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Domestic Flights Indicators

Unidad de Medida

1990 1997 2000

Kilómetros recorridos (1) Miles de km. 46.017 95.904 108.740

Horas voladas (1) Miles de Hs. 87.4 140.5 199.5

Pasajeros transportados (1) Miles 2.969 6.582 6.996

Pasajeros – km. transportados (1) Millones 3.171 5.850 6.312

Utilización de la capacidad de transporte (1) (%) 57.7 64.7 57.2

Carga transportada (1) Tn 21.240 18.867 27.465

Source: National Institute for Statistics and Census - INDEC

Argentina’s 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Fuel Consumption

Source: Secretariat on Energy

Combustible Consumo

(103 m3/año)

Aeronaftas 10.080 m3

JP1 Cabotaje 572.317 m3

JP1 Internacional 1.151.460 m3

Barriers and Difficulties1. In general terms, the main inconveniences are related to the quality and availability of activity data, mainly after privatization process. Nevertheless in Air Transport information has a high level of confidence.2. All the Jet Fuel (JP1) is included in domestic consumption. For discriminate fuel consumption of international aviation (and then can add this consumption to the international bunker) it is necessary to make certain adjustments.3. The NEB do not separate Exportation and Bunker. For doing that is necessary to work with secondary information provided for SE.

Further Information

To view and download the full version (in Spanish) and the Executive Summary (in English) of Argentina’s National GHG Inventory of 2000 and the revision of the Inventories of 1990, 1994 and 1997: www.fundacionbariloche.com.ar

To view and download the full version (in Spanish) and the Executive Summary (in English) of all the documents of the Argentina’s Second National Communication: www.medioambiente.gov.ar

Thank you very much

Leonidas Osvaldo GirardinBariloche Foundation

www.fundacionbariloche.com.arlogirardin@fundacionbariloche.com.arlogirardin@sinectis.com.ar