les amérindiens / native american history. how hollywood has portrayed native americans
TRANSCRIPT
Les Amérindiens / Native American History
How Hollywood has portrayed Native Americans
Selected tribes c. 1500
Source: Norton Anthology of American Literature, 8th ed.
Last Ice Age: 75,000-10,000 BCE(Before the Common Era).
Arrival of « first Americans »?
Clovis spear point
British Museum
For hunting large game: mammoth, mastodon, caribou, bison (also called buffalo)
Oldest points date to 10,000 BCE
Bison hunting
Painting by George Catlin, 1844
Desert Southwest
• 1500 BCE: maize (corn) introduced from Mexico
• 1000 BCE: squash and beans introduced from Mexico
• 200 CE: permanent villages• 500 CE: extensive irrigation: « Hohokam »
culture
Desert Southwest
Late 17th-early 18th century kiva in Pecos, New Mexico
Irrigation system
Casa Grande (1300s)
Compound, c. 1400
Ruins ofGreat House, c. 1890
Source: National Park Service
Desert Southwest
Chaco Canyon (10th-13th century CE)
Mesa Verde (550 CE- 1300 CE)
Source: National Park Service
After the drought
• Anasazi -> Pueblo Indians in New Mexico• Hohokam -> Pima and Papago Indians in
Arizona• Joined by new groups: Apache and Navajo
Eastern Woodlands
Poverty Point, 1000 BCE-700 BCE
Source: Louisiana State Parks
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
Turn toward agriculture: 700 CE-1000 CEMaize, squash and beans
Mississippian trade center
Artistic reconstructions of Cahokia at its peak c. 1050 CE
Cahokia
Cahokia today
Artist reconstruction c. 1050 CE
Selected tribes c. 1500
Source: Norton Anthology of American Literature, 8th ed.
The Iroquois
• Mohawk• Oneida• Onondaga• Cayuga• Seneca (14th century?): The Iroquois Confederacy
Red Jacket (Sa-go-ye-wa-tha)
1835 lithograph after a painting by Charles Bird King