les travaux de l'epfl dans le smart grids...panel session of the cigré symposium thepower...
TRANSCRIPT
Les travaux de l'EPFL
dans le Smart Grids Prof. Mario Paolone
EPFL - Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory
http://desl-pwrs.epfl.ch
Outline
Needs
Challenges
EPFL-SG research
Conclusions
Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (including hydropower)
Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010
Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (excluding hydropower)
Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010
Needs (macro)
Remark #1:
From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand
Wind speed (annual avg m/s) 2010 Population density (prs/km2)
Needs (macro)
Remark #1:
From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand
2010 Population density (prs/km2) Daily solar irradiation (annual avg Wh/m2)
Needs (Transmission networks - Supergrids)
Increase of transmission capacity over long distances
Example: required number of lines in parallel to transmit ≈6 GW
HVDC EHV and UHV AC transmission lines
+ straightforward integration
+ reliability + investments - stability
- voltage control
- complexity in power flow control
+ power flows control
+ transfer capacity
+ stability
- reliability on long term
Needs (micro) D
istr
ibu
ted
ge
ne
ratio
n
Larg
e-s
ca
le g
en
era
tio
n
Dispatchable sources
Dis
trib
utio
n n
etw
ork
s Tr
an
smis
sio
n n
etw
ork
s
Continuous sources Intermittent
Micro CHP
Medium CHP
Mini hydro
Large hydro
District CHP Industrial CHP
Photovoltaic
Small onshore wind
Large
onshore wind
Offshore wind
Concentrated solar
Network connection Distance to user
Remark #2:
Where renewables and CHP installations are typically located ?
Outline
Needs
Challenges
EPFL-SG research
Conclusions
Courtesy of Prof. N. Hatziargyriou Panel session of the Cigré symposium ThePower Network of the Future Bologna, Italy, Sept. 13-15, 2011
Outline
Needs
Challenges
EPFL-SG research
Conclusions
EPFL Smart Grids Research
Distributed electrical systems lab
Prof. M Paolone – MER R. Cherkaoui
D. Favrat (LENI)
Thermodynamic Fuel cells
A. Rufer (LEI)
Storage Power el.
JY Le Boudec (LCA2)
Dem. Resp. ICT
H. B. Püttgen (Energy Ctr)
Coordination of research activities
C. Jones (LA)
Controls
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Networks monitoring
Advanced
Phasor-Measurement-
Units (PMUs).
Quantity Single tone signal
m s
Phase error 10.0×10-6 [rad] 8.1×10-6 [rad]
RMS error 120.0×10-6 [p.u.] 9.3×10-6 [p.u.]
TVE 117.0×10-6 9.3×10-6
Frequency error 20.0×10-5 [Hz] 4.5×10-5 [Hz]
Quantity Distorted signal
m s
Phase error 9.4×10-6 [rad] 9.9×10-6 [rad]
RMS error 250.0×10-6 [p.u.] 12.0×10-6 [p.u.]
TVE 250×10-6 12.0×10-6
Frequency error 20.0×10-5 [Hz] 3.8×10-5 [Hz]
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Sub-second state estimation for
Real-Time protection and
control purposes.
LF
Pha
se:0
Sla
ck:
4.16
kVR
MS
LL/_
0
LF1
PI
+Li
ne1_
2
PI
+Line2_3
PI
+Line3_4
PI
+Line2_5
PI
+Line5_6
PI
+Line
2_7
PI
+Line7_8
PI
+Line8_9
PI
+Line7_10
PI
+Line
10_1
3
P
I
+Line
7_12
LF
Load
2
LFLo
ad6
LF
Load7
LF
Load
13
LFLo
ad11
LFLo
ad5
PI
+Line10_11
LF
Load
9
LF
Load
4
LF
Load
8
LFLo
ad3
LF
Load
10
LF
Load
12
BUS_1
BUS_4
BUS_13
BUS_11 BUS_9
BUS_5BUS6
BUS_2
BUS_7
BUS_8
BUS_3
BUS_10
BUS_12
Real-Time State Estimation
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
MPC-based
voltage/power flow
controls
Model Predictive Controls
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iji
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EYEEY
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EYEEY
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EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Low-overhead
decentralized DR
control mechanisms
Demand response
0
1
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Time-reversal based
protections and
fault location
Protections
5 10 15-10
0
10
Vol
tage
(v)
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02
0
0.02
Vol
tage
(v)
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02
0
0.02
Vol
tage
(v)
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02
0
0.02
Time [us]
Vol
tage
(v)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
AC
R1
R2Rf
Zc Zc
Xf
Sw
Observation Point
100 kΩ
OHL 8km
Faul
t
OHL 2km
Z’c
Cable 500 m
100 kΩ
230 kV
2 4 6 8 9 10.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Guessed fault location (km)
Fault
curr
ent energ
y (
norm
aliz
ed)
R=0 ohm
R=1 ohms
R=10 ohms
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
FPGA-based real-time
digital simulators
Real-Time simulation of power grids
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Optimal Placement of
Distributed Storage Systems for
Voltage Control in Active
Distribution Networks
Storage Systems - Planning
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder
646 645 632 633 634
650
692 675611 684
652
671
680!
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Modeling of storage systems:
supercapacitors, electrolyzer
for hydrogen production etc.
Storage Systems - Devices
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Experimental facilities
Real-Time Digital Simulator Opal-RT eMEGAsim
power grid real-time digital simulator
Specs.
Max nr. of 200 nodes
Max nr. Switches: 150 switches
Typical Rt integration time times 10 – 50 µs Aims
monitoring: based on the use of phasor
measurement units (PMUs);
network observation: RT-state estimation;
controls: optimal voltage control, congestion management, optimal network
configuration/topology;
protections: PMU-based relaying schemes, fault
location.
EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the
Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)
Experimental facilities - Microgrid
Aims
Decentralized optimal control
of dispatchable resources and
storage systems;
Microgrids optimal control
strategies in normal and
emergency conditions
management of the intentional and unintentional islanding;
Smart metering.
ICT aspects.
EPFL Smart Grids Research
EPFL Smart Campus Project
Building control
Thermal storage
HPC waste heat recovery
Electrical storage
Thermal capacity of building
Lighting control
Heating/ cooling control
Distribu- ted low voltage metering
Smart building
Building network control Thermal
network
Electric vehicles
Photovoltaic cells
Smart building
IGM
Smart building
Smart building
Network monitoring and control
Outline
Needs
Challenges
EPFL-SG research
Conclusions
Conclusions
Technologies, algorithms and techniques
will make possible the planning, operation
and control of future grids allowing their
evolution into ‘Smart Grids’ (whatever
way you define it).
The complexity of the involved problems
ranges from basic science to engineering technological problems inherent multi-
disciplinary area of research.
Conclusions
To this end, a multi-disciplinary
environment involving several laboratories
has been setup at the EPFL with the aim of
developing new concepts applied to the
operation and planning of the future
electrical infrastructure.