les travaux de l'epfl dans le smart grids...panel session of the cigré symposium thepower...

Les travaux de l'EPFL

dans le Smart Grids Prof. Mario Paolone

EPFL - Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory

http://desl-pwrs.epfl.ch




Outline

Needs

Challenges

EPFL-SG research

Conclusions

Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (including hydropower)

Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010

Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (excluding hydropower)

Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010

Needs (macro)

Remark #1:

From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand

Wind speed (annual avg m/s) 2010 Population density (prs/km2)

Needs (macro)

Remark #1:

From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand

2010 Population density (prs/km2) Daily solar irradiation (annual avg Wh/m2)

Needs (Transmission networks - Supergrids)

Increase of transmission capacity over long distances

Example: required number of lines in parallel to transmit ≈6 GW

HVDC EHV and UHV AC transmission lines

+ straightforward integration

+ reliability + investments - stability

- voltage control

- complexity in power flow control

+ power flows control

+ transfer capacity

+ stability

- reliability on long term

Needs (micro) D

istr

ibu

ted

ge

ne

ratio

n

Larg

e-s

ca

le g

en

era

tio

n

Dispatchable sources

Dis

trib

utio

n n

etw

ork

s Tr

an

smis

sio

n n

etw

ork

s

Continuous sources Intermittent

Micro CHP

Medium CHP

Mini hydro

Large hydro

District CHP Industrial CHP

Photovoltaic

Small onshore wind

Large

onshore wind

Offshore wind

Concentrated solar

Network connection Distance to user

Remark #2:

Where renewables and CHP installations are typically located ?

Outline

Needs

Challenges

EPFL-SG research

Conclusions

Courtesy of Prof. N. Hatziargyriou Panel session of the Cigré symposium ThePower Network of the Future Bologna, Italy, Sept. 13-15, 2011

Outline

Needs

Challenges

EPFL-SG research

Conclusions

EPFL Smart Grids Research

Distributed electrical systems lab

Prof. M Paolone – MER R. Cherkaoui

D. Favrat (LENI)

Thermodynamic Fuel cells

A. Rufer (LEI)

Storage Power el.

JY Le Boudec (LCA2)

Dem. Resp. ICT

H. B. Püttgen (Energy Ctr)

Coordination of research activities

C. Jones (LA)

Controls

Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair)

EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the


Networks monitoring

Advanced

Phasor-Measurement-

Units (PMUs).

Quantity Single tone signal

m s

Phase error 10.0×10-6 [rad] 8.1×10-6 [rad]

RMS error 120.0×10-6 [p.u.] 9.3×10-6 [p.u.]

TVE 117.0×10-6 9.3×10-6

Frequency error 20.0×10-5 [Hz] 4.5×10-5 [Hz]

Quantity Distorted signal

m s

Phase error 9.4×10-6 [rad] 9.9×10-6 [rad]

RMS error 250.0×10-6 [p.u.] 12.0×10-6 [p.u.]

TVE 250×10-6 12.0×10-6

Frequency error 20.0×10-5 [Hz] 3.8×10-5 [Hz]



Sub-second state estimation for

Real-Time protection and

control purposes.

LF

Pha

se:0

Sla

ck:

4.16

kVR

MS

LL/_

0

LF1

PI

+Li

ne1_

2

PI

+Line2_3

PI

+Line3_4

PI

+Line2_5

PI

+Line5_6

PI

+Line

2_7

PI

+Line7_8

PI

+Line8_9

PI

+Line7_10

PI

+Line

10_1

3

P

I

+Line

7_12

LF

Load

2

LFLo

ad6

LF

Load7

LF

Load

13

LFLo

ad11

LFLo

ad5

PI

+Line10_11

LF

Load

9

LF

Load

4

LF

Load

8

LFLo

ad3

LF

Load

10

LF

Load

12

BUS_1

BUS_4

BUS_13

BUS_11 BUS_9

BUS_5BUS6

BUS_2

BUS_7

BUS_8

BUS_3

BUS_10

BUS_12

Real-Time State Estimation



MPC-based

voltage/power flow

controls

Model Predictive Controls

l

j

Nj

iji

NSj

jij

l

ili

P

EYEEY

P

E

1

l

j

Nj

iji

NSj

jij

l

ili

Q

EYEEY

Q

Ej

1



Low-overhead

decentralized DR

control mechanisms

Demand response

0

1



Time-reversal based

protections and

fault location

Protections

5 10 15-10

0

10

Vol

tage

(v)

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02

0

0.02

Vol

tage

(v)

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02

0

0.02

Vol

tage

(v)

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10-0.02

0

0.02

Time [us]

Vol

tage

(v)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

AC

R1

R2Rf

Zc Zc

Xf

Sw

Observation Point

100 kΩ

OHL 8km

Faul

t

OHL 2km

Z’c

Cable 500 m

100 kΩ

230 kV

2 4 6 8 9 10.50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Guessed fault location (km)

Fault

curr

ent energ

y (

norm

aliz

ed)

R=0 ohm

R=1 ohms

R=10 ohms



FPGA-based real-time

digital simulators

Real-Time simulation of power grids



Optimal Placement of

Distributed Storage Systems for

Voltage Control in Active

Distribution Networks

Storage Systems - Planning

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder

646 645 632 633 634

650

692 675611 684

652

671

680!



Modeling of storage systems:

supercapacitors, electrolyzer

for hydrogen production etc.

Storage Systems - Devices



Experimental facilities

Real-Time Digital Simulator Opal-RT eMEGAsim

power grid real-time digital simulator

Specs.

Max nr. of 200 nodes

Max nr. Switches: 150 switches

Typical Rt integration time times 10 – 50 µs Aims

monitoring: based on the use of phasor

measurement units (PMUs);

network observation: RT-state estimation;

controls: optimal voltage control, congestion management, optimal network

configuration/topology;

protections: PMU-based relaying schemes, fault

location.



Experimental facilities - Microgrid

Aims

Decentralized optimal control

of dispatchable resources and

storage systems;

Microgrids optimal control

strategies in normal and

emergency conditions

management of the intentional and unintentional islanding;

Smart metering.

ICT aspects.

EPFL Smart Grids Research

EPFL Smart Campus Project

Building control

Thermal storage

HPC waste heat recovery

Electrical storage

Thermal capacity of building

Lighting control

Heating/ cooling control

Distribu- ted low voltage metering

Smart building

Building network control Thermal

network

Electric vehicles

Photovoltaic cells

Smart building

IGM

Smart building

Smart building

Network monitoring and control

Outline

Needs

Challenges

EPFL-SG research

Conclusions

Conclusions

Technologies, algorithms and techniques

will make possible the planning, operation

and control of future grids allowing their

evolution into ‘Smart Grids’ (whatever

way you define it).

The complexity of the involved problems

ranges from basic science to engineering technological problems inherent multi-

disciplinary area of research.

Conclusions

To this end, a multi-disciplinary

environment involving several laboratories

has been setup at the EPFL with the aim of

developing new concepts applied to the

operation and planning of the future

electrical infrastructure.

les travaux de l'epfl dans le smart grids...panel session of the cigré symposium thepower...

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