The Importance of Vision and the Motive to Lead Lesson 5

Leadership Ethics and the Role of Values and Ethics at Work Part I

Lecture 5 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. DUM2062: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIPPresented by: Lt Col Assoc Prof Ajaya Kumar (Ret)

Learning ObjectivesKnow the importance of ethics at work.Identify the levels and stages of moral development.Understand why leadership by values is important.Describe the values that guide you in moral dilemmas.Know the role of the leader in setting the moral tone and ethical climate of the workplace. 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-2Leadership Ethics Heifetzs theoryLeadership involves authority to help followers uphold values in the workplaceBurnss theoryEmphasizes the moral development of followers and maintains high standards of ethical conductGreenleafs theoryStrong ethical overtones, true leadership is service to others 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-3A common theme is the need for leadership that is based on honesty, service to others, and moral courage. 3Leadership Ethics cont Heifetzs theory - leadership involves the use of authority to help followers uphold important values in the workplace.Burnss theory - theory of transformational leadership emphasizes the moral development of followers and maintaining high standards of ethical conduct. Greenleafs theory - approach to leadership has strong ethical overtones, with the central premise being that true leadership is service to others.

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-44Leadership Ethics EthicsPhilosophy concerned with the intent, means, and consequences of moral behavior. The study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct. Moral judgmentsJudgments about what is right or wrong, good or bad. 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-5EthicsRefers to a persons fundamental orientation toward life (originated from Greek word ethos).During Roman times, emphasis shifted to overt behavioracts, habits, and customsToday, ethics is viewed as an overall human concern 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-6Derived from the Greek word ethos, meaning dwelling place Refers to a persons fundamental orientation toward life Meant inner character to AristotleLatin translation is mos, moris, from which comes the English word moralDuring Roman times, emphasis shifted to overt behavioracts, habits, and customsToday, ethics is viewed as an overall human concern

6Moral Dilemma7

8Moral Dilemma 2The friend. You promise to keep your best friends secret; then she tells you that her son is selling drugs and even has sold them at a nearby grade school. Your friend is upset but plans on taking no action. What would you do?A. Notify authoritiesB. Keep friends secret. 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9No Easy Subject Ethics is a difficult subject; forcing people to think about moral issues Current questions people face:The conscious creation of new forms of lifeExploration and use of outer spaceNuclear energy Information technology 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-10No Easy Subject cont Common ethical problems in the workplace:Quality, safety, property, human relationshipsLeaders must understand and make judgments on these subjects 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-11

The Roots of Ethics Religious ethics:Based on a theistic understanding of the worldWhat is real, true, and good is defined by GodSecular ethics:Based on scientific understanding of the worldReality, truth, and goodness do not depend on the existence of a godThe primary difference is in how values are justified 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-12The Secular Tradition Aristotle shaped the ethics of Western civilization from a secular orientation: Humans are rational Rationality is the most significant trait distinguishing humans from other creatures Good person:Lives rationallyMoral judgments are born of contemplation and reason 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-13Ethics, Humankind, and Other AnimalsEthics is a concern unique to humankindPeople combine emotion with knowledge and through abstract reasoning produce a moral conscienceRight and wrong have pre-human originsSelf-sacrifice, sympathy, and cooperation are seen in other species 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-14Distinguishing between what is and what ought to be separates people from other animals14Moral Development John LockeA newborn child is a blank tablet on which a life script can be written Experience and learning shapes the content, structure, and direction of a persons lifeAn infants ethics are amoral No concept of good or bad, right or wrong

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-15Moral Development cont Babies rewarded and punished develop:An understanding of good or bad A social conscience that is the foundation for future moral development The older community passes on ethics to youth:Words and actions reinforce morality Ben Franklin said, Teach children obedience first, so that all other lessons will follow the easier

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-16Moral Development cont Heteronomy Rules as sacred laws laid down by authoritiesUnifying factor in adult societyEvery society has leaders who believe in certain moral ideals Their task to imprint these ideals on succeeding generations 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-17

Influences on Character Formation AssociationsFamily, friends, and role models shape our livesBooksPrinted page and other media can poison or enlighten usSelf-conceptPrimary motivation is preservation of symbolic self 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-18Levels of Morality Preconventional individual is aware of cultural prescriptions of right and wrong behaviorConventional characterized by group conformity and allegiance to authorityPostconventional individual is concerned with right and wrong conduct over and above self-interest 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-19Levels of Morality contPeople go through the six stages of moral development at different ratesSome people never reach the principled morality of stages 5 and 6People who remain at low levels of morality experience arrested developmental integrity

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-20Levels of Morality contEgocentric orientation (stages 1 & 2) Preadolescent children Community-oriented morality (stages 3 & 4)Teenagers and most adults Self-direction and high principles (stages 5 & 6)Characteristic of only 20% of adultsHigh morality (stage 6)Characteristic of only 5 to 10% of adults

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-21The Stolen Drug Example A woman was near deathThe pharmacist was charging 10 times what her needed drug should cost Her husband did not have the moneyThe pharmacist was firm on his priceMoral dilemma: let wife die or steal the drugThe husband stole the drugWas he right or wrong? 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-22Levels of Morality in History Nazi Death CampsAdolf Eichmann, I carried out my ordersLevel II, Stage 4 moral reasoning Civil Disobedience Mohandas Gandhi, life and teachingLevel III, Stage 6 morality Socrates Refused to admit social wrong, committed suicide, and became a moral hero that inspires civilization

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-2323Stanley Milgrams experiment on obedienceHis study has been used to explain the great atrocities of our time: the My Lai massacre, the genocide in Rwanda, and Abu Ghraib in Iraq.

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 24Virtue: Level III, Stage 6 MoralityMoral evolution from pre-conventional (level I, stage I) to post-conventional ethics (level III, stage 6)People as individuals have become the basis of moral judgmentsOrientation toward individual conscience (personal principles)

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-25Virtue: Level III, Stage 6 Morality cont A persons view of right or wrong depends on the meaning attached to personal existence

Meaning is based on:Self-discovered and self-accepted values 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-26

Level III, Stage 6 Example: Susan, the Art StudentShows that it is important for people to:Determine their own moral principlesDecide on ethical conduct in the light of the meaning attachedProceed from the highest motivesUtilize the best meansAchieve the best consequences Absence of any one results in less than level III, stage 6 morality

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-27Ethics and the Legal Department Ethical warning lights go off at different timesIt is important to know when an action may take you over the line Your conscience should guide you 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-28Ethics and the Legal Department cont Ethics is the purview of the legal department Being legal does not mean moral LegalityEverything the law permits or doesnt forbidMoralityOlder idea, predates legislated laws

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-29Ethics and the Legal Department cont Do what the legal department advises Never lose your moral compassThe basis of every professional code of ethics and moral society non-harm to sentient beings

2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6-30

Open Discussion

Building Effective Leadership Skills | Creating your own leadership legacy 31