lesson 1: learning outcome a revision topics covered: types of networks: wan/lan/pan (3g)

Lesson 1: Learning outcome A Revision Topics covered: Types of networks: WAN/LAN/PAN (3G)

Starter (5) Find a definition for hardware and

software and explain the difference between the two

Give at least one example of hardware and one example of software

Note: Create a new folder on your computer, call it unit 2 and save your research in there

Technology Systems

UNIT 2: EXAM UNIT (Core Unit)

Introduction

In this unit we are going to be learning about:

The main building blocks of technology systems and how they work

The different devices in technology systems The purpose of different types of networks The different methods for transferring data

around a network The different software that makes a system

work and a bit of programming

Lesson Aim To be able to: Explain different types of networks

Understand the benefits of networks Explain the uses of different networks

>> Learning outcome A

T1: Types of networks (20)

1) Research the following networks and give a detailed description for each one.

LAN WAN PAN Mobile broadband- mention of dongle

2) For each network, write down 1 or 2 examples of users that the network would be suitable for.

Types of networks (Answers: revision)

LAN: Local area network. It is a network that is used in homes and offices and small buildings. It is used to connect computers, printers and other devices together in a local environment. It is used in a single location i.e. a single building.

Don’t forget that LAN can be can be wired, which will use Ethernet (802.3) or it can be wireless and that will use Wi-FI: 802.11 standard.

Users: home users, office users.


WAN: Wide Area Network. It is a type of network used in a large geographical location. It is essentially a collection of LANs connected together over a large distance.

The reason why we have LANs together is imagine two companies who have a network in Manchester and one in London, they are in separate locations so a WAN connects to the networks into one.

Users: Home users, shopping online. Office workers or workers accessing resources.


PAN: Personal Area Network. It is used to connect your devices together, for example to synchronise your computer, including your email, with your mobile phone.

You also have WPAN, which uses Bluetooth technology.

Users: Traditionally, used by people to put music, pictures or games onto their phone. Now used to play games with each other, connect to headsets etc.


Mobile broadband: Uses 3G Mobile phone technology to connect your laptop (using a dongle), netbook or phone to the Internet.

3G: third generation, and refers to technology which supports fast data- transmission and increased network capacity through a smart phone.

Dongle: A small hardware device that plugs into the USB to provide functionality such as connecting to Wi-Fi or 3G network.

Users: Mobile users.

Lesson 2: Learning outcome A Revision Topics covered: Uses of network systems: sharing,

entertainment and communication Synchronising data and benefits of computer

networks

Starter: (10)

Compare wireless networks with wired networks

Which is better i.e. faster

Which one is more reliable? I.E. it won’t be prone to interference

Which one is more secure?

Think about what you might be using at home


Which of the following is used to synchronise your mobile phone and computer~?

WAN LAN VAN PAN


Which networks is used to connect a computer and printer together?

WAN LAN VAN PAN


Which network is also known as the Internet?

WAN LAN VAN PAN

T2: Uses of network systems

Why do we need a network? What are some of the things it offers?

Sharing: think about resources

Entertainment: think about online

Communication: think about interacting with friends

Summarise the benefits of networking computers

T2: Uses of network systems: answers

A network is 2 or more devices connected together

Sharing: networks are used to share resources such as printers, applications, data, Internet etc… Collaborate on documents.

Entertainment: Allows people to connect online. Stream movies: Netflix, listen to music, radio stations and join gaming communities and play together. Social networking, like Twitter and Facebook.

T2: Uses of network systems: answers

Communication: Networks allow us to communicate with each other via E-mail, instant messaging, video conferencing so reducing the need for travel

Examples: Skype, Whatsapp, Blackberry

Synchronising data

When you have similar information in two different devices, you need to synchronise this data using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, infrared or cable. This device can be connected in the form of a PAN so that both devices have up to date information.

Synchronising can bring calendars up to date on two different devices, messages, emails, music, videos, podcast etc…

Think about the Itunes Sync

Recap

When you have similar information in two different devices, you need to synchronise this data using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, infrared or cable. This device can be connected in the form of a PAN so that both devices have up to date information.

Synchronising can bring calendars up to date on two different devices, messages, emails, music, videos, podcast etc…

Think about the Itunes Sync

Lesson 3: Learning outcome A Physical methods of transferring data: Optical fibre, unshielded twisted pair, coaxial

cables Homework: Difference between Wi-Fi and

Bluetooth

Physical methods of transferring data

Physical will use cables, such as UTP, fibre optics or coaxial

Think about where the following cables are used and the difference between the 3 cables.


Fibre optics or optical fibre: is used for very fast connections between switches and to bring fast broadband to buildings.

They are very expensive and hence they are not good for connecting devices over short distance like a computer to a switch or router.

Internet: BT Infinity, Virgin Media: faster internet and longer distance

Fibre Optics


UTP: Unshielded Twister Pair. Used to connect telephones, computers and printers to switches.

The are used in LAN networks and there are different categories of this cable.

CAT 5, 5E and 6 which is known as a gigabit

Great all-round cable for LAN but no the fastest cable out there


Coaxial (Coax) is used to connect home to optical broadband systems. Older networks use coaxial. Virgin media use coaxial. They use copper, which is not replaces by faster UTP cables.

Good for short distance but poor for long distance

Wireless methods for transferring data

Wi-Fi

Find out how Wi-Fi works

Common technology

Bluetooth

Cantor Fitzgerald

Lesson 4: Learning outcome B Physical methods of transferring data: Optical fibre, unshielded twisted pair, coaxial

cables Homework: Difference between Wi-Fi and

Bluetooth

Task Imagine there is a computer in front of you.

You see external and components you can see, internal.

Create a table, have a heading called internal and external. List all of the components you can think of and go through each one and explain what each component is for. You can use images to make it easier to remember.

Which devices affect the performance of a computer

My list Internal External

RAM Mouse

CPU Keyboard

Hard Drive Monitor

Graphics card

Motherboard

Optical drive

Heat sink

Main components: CPU

The CPU stands for Central Processing Unit Every computer has at least one CPU or

microprocessor. These devices run the programs (code) and they undertake input/output operations to other parts of the computer.

The CPU has many parts: Arithmetic logic unit, control unit and registers.

The speed of the CPU is measured in Gigahertz meaning a billion cycles per second

The higher the GHZ, the more instructions a CPU can perform

Main components: CPU

There are two main manufacturers of CPU, Intel and AMD

Example of a CPU, this will on your motherboard and on top of it will be a heat sink to keep it cool.

Main components: CPU (ALU)

This is part of the CPU and it perform Arithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic is going to be calculations and logic is going to be things like comparison

Control Unit

The control unit has 3 roles: It controls and monitors hardware attached to

the computer to make sure that commands given to it by software is used. Think about when you send something to the printer, the control unit checks to see the instructions sent are correct.

It controls the input and output, so your mouse and keyboard instructions

It controls the flow of data within the CPU

Registers

These are used to store small amounts of data in the form of a byte. Which is 8 bits.

Registers are used to hold the address in RAM so the CPU knows where the next machine code instruction will come from and where to send the results of a calculation .

RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of memory that is used to temporarily store programs (code on)

The more RAM a computer has the more programs can run at any time

IF you play games, then RAM is important because your game can potentially run better

RAM is measure in Gigabyte which is 1024 megabytes

The more RAM a computer has the

Lesson aim

To be able to: Explain the difference between Analogue and

Digital signals

Understand the importance of binary

Workout binary conversions

Task 1 (10 minutes)

Q1) Explain what analogue data is Give 2 examples of where analogue data is

used

Q2) Explain what digital data is Give 2 examples of where digital data is used

Task 1 Answers

Analogue data occurs all the time and around us. For example, the human voice, temperature and instruments are some examples.

Key thing to remember: Analogue data changes constantly with time

Digital data is a sequence of discrete values or numbers, such as digital clocks and Morse code. Computers use digital data and this is in the form of binary, which is a numbering system.

Why do we convert analogue data?

The reason why we convert data is because if we have analogue data i.e. human voice, that needs to be converted into analogue before it can be recorded

This is because the computer needs to interact and be able to process that data

Don’t forget that computers can protect digital data by encrypting them. If the data is encrypted then it means that it is kept secure so if anyone tries to access it, it will not be able to understand the data.

Task 2: Binary (15)

1. Why do computers use binary? Why don’t they use decimal What base is binary? What two digits does binary use?

Explain how binary is used in one of the devices:

Ram, DVD or Hard disk

Task 2 answers

Binary is easily represented and easy to work with. 1 / 0 positive / negative

Too many values Base 2 1 / 0

RAM: Represented in transistors as 1 (with electric charge) , 0 (without electric charge)

In HDD, represented in the magnetised surface, North (1), South (0)

Convert the following

Denary 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0

Learning outcome A

Application of technology systems and issues

Lesson aim

To be able to: Explain the uses of technology systems in

different sectors Explain environmental issues Appreciate copyright issues and security

issues Developing technology systems

Uses of technology systems and issues

Retail sector: (12) Find out how retail stores use technology

systems: Think about: Stock management Pricing Check-out

Retail sector Technology is used to manage stocks, so

sales from previous year is used to predict how much stock needs to be ordered, the same data is used to predict how many staff needs to be working

Self-service: technology systems used to reduce wait time and make the store run more efficient. Reduce labour costs.

Using point of sale (tills) to update stock levels

Using technology to track sales The use of internet to advertise and sell

products

Other sectors

Construction: uses technology systems to plan, design and document. Use computers to create architecture drawings.

CAD is used to design component parts on a computer and send to robotic tools that manufacture parts.

Very detailed and accurate, designs that are not possible for humans to manufacture.

CAD, like sketch-up is also used to design the plan for houses.

Other sectors

Finance sector: use technology to track stock prices and shares, to calculate interest rates on loans and savings

To apply discount rates, create graphs to analyse rates and costs

Health: use technology to systems to scan patients and to monitor their health, breathing etc…

Issues involved in the use of technology systems

Environmental issues: Benefits of technology: how is technology

benefits the world, think about communication and transport

Think about the bad things of technology and the affects that they have on the environment

Answers

Video conferencing, means less travel Text and phone calls means less travel Technology that controls devices and how

much power they use

Hardware waste, power consumption, disposal of electronic equipment, toxic waste,

Computer security

Video conferencing, means less travel Text and phone calls means less travel Technology that controls devices and how

much power they use

Hardware waste, power consumption, disposal of electronic equipment, toxic waste,

Recap

Why do we use POS

Why do we use CAD?

Home work

Uses of technology CAD/CAM Health sector

Lesson x

This lesson we will be looking at:

Computer Security

Copyright

Developing technology systems

Quick questions

What do you think about when you think about computer security?

Pornography Virus Trojan horse Spyware Worm

Question

Why do we think about computer security? All computers in technology are at risk They all store some sensitive data Individuals are always looking for new ways

of attacking systems Bots, botnet, zombie and bit coin mining Data that is transferred through using a

website is also a security issue, think about forms

Security Measures

What are some of the things you can do to protect our computer / organisation?

Copyright

Think about some of the things that are cpyrighted

Research

Virus Worm Spyware Trojan

Research

Virus: a computer virus is a malicious program that attaches itself to files. The files are called hosts. They are generally spread through the use of emails i.e. in the form of attachments. The host, i.e. file can be spread across different devices i.e. each time you copy the file, you are spreading the virus. Think of it like a human virus.

Viruses cause damage to computers i.e. data.

Research

Worm: A worm is a malicious program. It is a program that replicate itself and spreads to different networks. When it replicates, it uses resources and slow down the computer.

It spreads across using computer networks. A worm does not attach itself to anything

compared to a virus Worms cause damage to networks and

viruses corrupt system files Some worms just spread across different

networks and do not cause any damage

Research

Spyware: Spyware is not malicious and in most cases it will not cause any damage to the computer. Spyware is classed as privacy in case software which means that they generally track your browsing history, the things you have purchased etc..

There are some spyware that can be a nuisance and slow down your computer

The software will collect information without the user’s knowledge and that is why it is a security risk

Copyright

List some of the things that are covered by the copyright:

Why do we need copyright laws?

Lesson x: Learning Outcome C

Different types of software

To be able to explain the difference between off-the-shelf and custom-made software

To be able to explain the role of Operating Systems

To be able to explain the uses for different utility application

Biteresources.com

Software

Software is a program that runs on a computer that has a processor (microprocessor).

The software will be coded by a programmer and it will be coded using a particular language.

The software may not work on all platforms just like an app that is on IOS may not be available for Android users.

The software allows you to control the operations of the computer by controlling the peripheral and processing

Task 1:

Find out what off-the-shelf software is Give an example

Find out what custom-made software Give an example if you can

Who would use each software and why would a business use custom-made software

Task 1:

Off-the-shelf: Software that has been published to the

public. This is available for download or purchase from retail stores. These are usually well tested and generally cheaper than custom-made software.

Thorough testing means there will be less bugs, i.e. errors and there will also be good support and resources/tutorials to use to learn about the software.

Task 1:

Custom-made: Program that is written for the client

specifically. This will be tailored towards the client’s requirements.

This is also known bespoke software This type of program is expensive and takes

a long time to make, months if not weeks Why do you think organisations would use

this?

Operating System

List the OS made by Windows in the Last 10 years

For each operating system put something new that has been added

Find out the functions that the operating system offers

lesson 1: learning outcome a revision topics covered: types of networks: wan/lan/pan (3g)

Documents