lesson 1 reading guide - kc what characteristics do all animals have? how are animals classified?...
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• What characteristics do all animals have?
• How are animals classified?
What defines an animal?
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• vertebrate
• invertebrate
• radial symmetry
• bilateral symmetry
• asymmetry
What defines an animal?
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Although animals have many traits that make them unique, all animals have certain characteristics in common.
Animal Characteristics
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Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic.
Animal Characteristics (cont.)
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Animal cells are specialized for different functions, such as digestion, reproduction, vision, or taste.
Animal Characteristics (cont.)
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Animals have a protein, called collagen, that surrounds the cells and helps them keep their shape.
Animal Characteristics (cont.)
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Animals get energy for life processes by eating other organisms.
Animal Characteristics (cont.)
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Most animals reproduce sexually and are capable of movement at some point in their lives.
Animal Characteristics (cont.)
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• Scientists have described and named more than 1.5 million species of animals.
• Many scientists estimate that Earth is home to millions of animal species that no one has discovered.
Animal Classification
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• Animals can be grouped into two large categories: vertebrates and invertebrates.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone.
Animal Classification (cont.)
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Barry Barker, photographer
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An invertebrate is an animal that does not have a backbone.
Invertebrates make up most of the animal kingdom—about 95 percent.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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Symmetry describes an organism’s body plan and can help identify the phylum to which an animal belongs.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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An animal with radial symmetry can be divided into two parts anywhere through its central axis. Parts are arranged in a circle around the center of its body.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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An animal with bilateral symmetry has body parts arranged the same way on both sides of its body.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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Animal Classification (cont.)
bilateral
from Latin bi–, means “two” and latus, means “side”
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An animal with asymmetry has body parts arranged in a way that cannot be divided into matching parts.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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Body Plans
• Bilateral Symmetry—can be divided into two mirror image halves
• Radial Symmetry—has parts arranged around a central point
• Asymmetry—no symmetry
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• Molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins in an animal’s cells can be used for classification.
• The more similar the DNA of two animals, the more closely the animals are related.
Animal Classification (cont.)
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Scientists classify the members of the animal kingdom into as many as 35 phyla.
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Animals belonging to the same phylum have similar body structures and other characteristics.
Only one animal phylum, chordata, contains vertebrates.
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• All animals share a series of characteristics.
• Animals can be classified in several ways.
• Animal classifications are always changing based on advanced technology.