lesson 1 the skeletal system purpose of bones 1. serve as a place for muscles to attach. 2. serve as...
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Skeletal SystemChapter 15 Lessons 1 and 2
Lesson 1The Skeletal System
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PURPOSE OF BONES1. Serve as a place
for muscles to attach.
2. Serve as protection for internal organs.
3. Principle storage for essential minerals that promote strong bones.
4. Center for production of red and white blood cells.
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SKELETAL DIAGRAM
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NUMBER OF BONES ADULT SKELETAL SYSTEM
BABY SKELETAL SYSTEM
206 BONES IN ADULTHOOD AFTER OSSICFICATION (FUSION OF BONES)
350 BONES AT BIRTHMANY OF THESE
BONES WILL GO THROUGH OSSIFICATION
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STRUCTUREAXIAL SKELETON:
includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum or breastbone, Protects spinal cord…vertebrae. Protects heart and lungs…rib cage.
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AXIAL SKELETON BREAKDOWNSkull = 8cranium, 3 in the inner ear, and the hyoid (a
single bone in the neck, the only bone that does not attach to another bone).
Vertebral Column = 26 individual bones
Thorax (chest cavity) = the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs
First 7 pair are true ribs – attach directly to sternumNext 3 pair are false ribs – attach indirectly to
sternumLast 2 pair are floating ribs – do not attach to
sternum
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STRUCTUREAPPENDICULAR
SKELETON: includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet. Main purpose is movement.
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TYPES OF BONES…LONG – greater length that
width and slightly curved for strength. Curved to absorb stress of body weight.FemurArms and LegsEnds form joints and
connect to other bones.
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SHORT… nearly equal in length and width.Wrists, ankles,
hands, feet.50% are found
in the hands and feet.
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FLAT…offer protection for internal organs and provide attachment for muscles.
Ribs, skull bones.
Protect vital organs such as the Brain.
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IRREGULAR…unusual shapes that do not fit in other types.
Vertebrae.Bones that
don’t have a specific shape.
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CARTILAGEStrong, flexible, connective tissue.Line the surfaces of joints to allow smooth
movement.Cushion adjoining vertebrae.Support nose and ears.OSSIFICATION: the process by which bone
is formed, renewed, and repaired.
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CARTILAGE
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LigamentsTough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue
that bind the bond ends at the joint. Prevent excessive movement at the joint.
TENDONS: Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles.
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JOINTSThe point at which two bones meet.PIVOT JOINT: a bony projection allows rotation.
Joint between head and neck that allows head to rotate.
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JOINTSThe point at which two bones meet.BALL-AND-SOCKET-JOINT: allows the widest range of movement.
Shoulder and Hip Joints
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GLIDING JOINTAllow bones to slide over one
another.WristAnkle
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HINGE JOINTAllow a joint to bend and straighten
Fingers, knee and elbow.
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CHAPTER 15 LESSON 2
CARE AND PROBLEMS OF THESKELETAL SYSTEM
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CARE of the SKELETAL SYSTEMGood
nutrition/CALCIUMExercise (Bone
Mass)Safety
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FRACTURESA FRACTURE IS ANY TYPE OF BREAK IN A BONE….
Fractures can be detected by Doctors through the use of
X-Ray
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TYPES OF FRACTURESCOMPOUND – fracture in which the broken
end of the bone protrudes through the skin.SIMPLE – fracture n which the bone does not
protrude through the skin.HAIRLINE-the fracture is incomplete and the
two parts of the bone do not separate.TRANSVERSE – the fracture is completely
across the bone.COMMINUTED – the bone shatters into more
than two pieces.
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INJURIES TO THE JOINTSDISLOCATION – ligaments that attach the bone
at the joint are torn as the bone slips out of place.TORN CARTILAGE – cartilage tears as the result
of a hard blow or twisting of a joint.BURSITIS – inflammation of the bursa sac, which
is a fluid filled sac that helps to provide smooth movement inside a joint.
BUNION – swelling of the bursa in the joint of the big toe.
ARTHRITIS – the inflammation of a joint, usually caused by wear and tear on the joints.