lesson 17.4: the legacy of the war

Lesson 17.4: The Legacy of the War

Today’s Essential Question: What were the costs and consequences of the Civil War?

Vocabulary

• consequence – the result of an action or decision

• conspirator – someone plotting something, usually illegal, with other people

• sympathizer – someone who supports or agrees with someone else in a dispute

Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?• What are the consequences for Level A

or B behavior?• If you get in trouble at school, are your

parents going to be your sympathizers?• Describe a time when you were a

conspirator.

What We Already Know

In bloody battles such as Antietam and

Gettysburg, thousands of men

died every day.


Lincoln changed the character of the war

by issuing the Emancipation

Proclamation, more to prevent the involvement of

European nations than to end slavery.


For most Americans, Lee’s surrender to Grant at

Appomattox meant the end of the Civil War.

Costs of the War

• After the war, President Lincoln hoped to heal the nation and bring North and South together again.

• Despite the generous terms of surrender offered to Lee, hard feelings remained.

Costs of the War• The Civil War was the deadliest war in

American history. • In four years of fighting, approximately

620,000 soldiers died—360,000 for the Union and 260,000 for the Confederacy.

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/gettysburg/dead-civil-war-soldiers.jpg

Costs of the War

Another 275,000 Union soldiers and 260,000 Confederate soldiers

were wounded.

A tell B• Approximately how many Union men

were killed in the Civil War?

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Approximately 360,000 Union men were killed in the Civil War.

B tell A• Approximately how many Confederates

were wounded during the Civil War?


Approximately 260,000 Confederates were wounded

during the Civil War.

Costs of the WarAlong with the soldiers, many other Americans had their lives disrupted

by the war.

Costs of the War

The war had cost the government of the United

States more than five times what it had spent in its first

eighty years.

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

22. What were some of the human costs of the Civil War?

A. Approximately 620,000 military deathsB. Approximately 535,000 wounded

soldiersC. Approximately 260,000 civilian deathsD. Disruption of many civilian livesE. Destruction of billions of dollars of

private property in the North

Choose ALL that are true!

The Emancipation Proclamation had freed very few slaves.

• The Proclamation applied primarily to slaves in the Confederacy, and many blacks in the border states were still enslaved when the war ended.

• In 1864, President Lincoln called for a constitutional amendment to end slavery entirely, but it failed to pass Congress.

The Emancipation Proclamation had freed very few slaves.

• Lincoln worried that the Supreme Court might someday declare the Emancipation Proclamation unconstitutional.

• He was also troubled that it did not free all slaves in every state.

Read aloud with me!

The Thirteenth Amendment

In January 1865, Lincoln urged Congress to try again to end slavery and this time, the measure—known as the Thirteenth Amendment—passed.

The Thirteenth Amendment

By year’s end, 27 states, including eight in the South, had ratified the amendment.

From that point on, slavery was banned in the United States.

23. If Lincoln had already issued the Emancipation Proclamation, why was

the Thirteenth Amendment necessary?A. The Emancipation Proclamation applied

only to slaves in the former Confederacy.B. The Thirteenth Amendment could free

slaves in every state and territory.C. The Emancipation Proclamation could be

ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

D. All the aboveE. A and B only

Lincoln’s Assassination

President Lincoln did not live to see the end of slavery.

Read aloud with me!


Five days after Lee’s surrender, President and Mrs. Lincoln went to see a play at Ford’s

Theatre in Washington,

D.C.

During the play, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate

sympathizer . . .



. . . crept into Lincoln’s theater box and shot him in the back of the head.

Booth then jumped to the stage, breaking his leg in the process, but still managed to

escape the theater.

Read aloud with me!


One of Booth’s fellow conspirators

stabbed Secretary of State William

Seward, who later recovered.


A third man was supposed to

assassinate Vice-President Johnson,

but he failed to carry out the attack.


• Lincoln was carried to a house across the street from the theater.

• The bullet in his brain could not be removed, and he died early the next morning.


Several days later, Union troops found Booth hiding in a Virginia farmer’s

tobacco shed and killed him.

Lincoln’s AssassinationBooth’s accomplices were captured and

either hanged or imprisoned.

A tell B• What happened to John Wilkes Booth?


John Wilkes Booth was killed by Union soldiers.

B tell A• What happened to Booth’s fellow

conspirators?


Booth’s fellow conspirators were all hanged.


• The loss of Lincoln’s vast experience and great political skills was a terrible setback for a people faced by the challenge of rebuilding their nation.

• Lincoln’s death was an even greater loss for the South.

• Few Northern leaders were as willing to forgive the South for secession as Lincoln, and most wanted vengeance for the war.

• But in both the North and the South, life would never be the same after the Civil War.

24. Why was Lincoln’s death a disaster for both North and South?A. It gave the Confederacy renewed hope to

fight on for two more years.B. It led to diplomatic recognition of the

Confederacy by Great Britain.C. Americans would not have his vast

experience and great political skill while they tried to rebuild their nation.

D. It made the North more determined than ever to defeat and punish the South.

Consequences of the War

• People came to see the United States as a single nation rather than a collection of states.

• Expansion of the national government and its powers

• New paper currency, new income tax, new federal banking system

B tell A• How did the Civil War affect the national

government?


The Civil War caused the national government to grow in

size and power.

Consequences of the WarGovernment funding of railroads and

state colleges

Consequences of the WarHomestead Act - gave western land

to settlers

Consequences of the WarSteel, petroleum, food processing,

and manufacturing industries expanded dramatically.

A tell B• How the Civil War affect industry?


The Civil War caused many industries to expand dramatically.

Read aloud with me!

• The war brought economic disaster to the South. • Farms and plantations were destroyed, along with

40 percent of its livestock and 50 percent of its farm machinery.


Factories were demolished and thousands of miles of railroad tracks were torn up.


Slavery — the Southern labor system — was gone.


25. How did the Civil War change the federal government?

A. The federal government grew smaller and less powerful during the war.

B. The federal government lost power to the state governments during the war.

C. The federal government grew larger and more powerful during the war.

D. The federal government became more sensitive to the citizens during the war.

26. What was the state of the Southern economy after the war?A. A great deal of private property,

especially crops and livestock, was destroyed.

B. The traditional labor system, slavery, was gone.

C. Factories and railroads were destroyed.

D. Agriculture would no longer be important to the Southern economy.

Choose the one that is NOT true!

27. What challenges did the nation face after the war?

A. How to bring the South back into the Union politically

B. How to restore the many farms and plantations in the South

C. How to strengthen the North's industrial economy

D. How to make free citizens from the millions of former slaves

Choose the one that is NOT true!

lesson 17.4: the legacy of the war

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