lesson 25 port royal guide questions guide questions 1. guide questions guide questions analysis and...

Lesson 25 Lesson 25 Port RoyalPort Royal

1. Guide Questions

3. Analysis and Explanation

4. Reading Comprehension

5. Questions For Discussion

2. Summary of The Lesson

Distant Education College, Jilin UniversityDistant Education College, Jilin University

Extensive Reading IIExtensive Reading II

Guide Questions1. Who discovered Port Royal?

2. Do you know anything else about him?

3. What was Port Royal like at that time?

4. Who took the harbor at last?

6. Was there anything unusual on the day of the disaster?

5. What was Port Royal like in the late 17th century?

7. How terrible was the earthquake?

8. What did people of other places think of the destruction of Port Royal at that time?

9. What did Max find under the sea?


1. Christopher Columbus.

Answer:


2. He was an Italian navigator in the service of the king of Spain, discover of America ( 1492 ) .

Answer:


3. Except for the harbor, it was not an exciting discovery; there was no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, nor was it a comfortable place in which to live.

Answer:


4. British.

Answer:


5. It was a large ,rich city where eight thought people lived.

Answer:

6. There was not a breath of wind and the breathless silence was quite unusual.

Answer:

7. The whole city seemed to be turning upside down. Stones from failing buildings poured into the streets. Entire buildings were tumbling into huge cracks in the earth. As the earth opened up ,the sea came rushing in. Men were thrown about like toys, some times falling into deep holes in the earth, whereupon the rushing sea would pick them up and throw them back into the street. Often they disappeared forever and the earth closed over them.

Answer:

8. This was God’s punishment on an evil city! Port Royal had sold itself to the devil and deserved its terrible fate.

Answer:

9. He found light things ,such as rings and coins. and big things like inns .Once it was a great box containing hundreds of silver coins.

Answer:

Questions for Discussion

1. Why was it difficult for Robert Max to explore Port Royal nowadays?

Answer: Because Port Royal was buried under the water, sand and water covered the sunken city and the waves pushed the ruins away, so nature continues to spoil the city .And the treasure-hunters came to dig among the ruins. So man continues to spoil it, too.

Questions for Discussion

2. What was the purpose for the modern archaeologists of recent years to find the exact site of Port Roral ?

Answer: They were different from the earlier treasure-hunters in the sense that they were more interested in discovering the old town than in finding treasure .And they wanted to built the old city again.

1. Multiple-choice Questions

2. True/False Questions

Reading Comprehension

Multiple-choice Questions

1. Port Royal was taken and retaken in frequent battles before the seventeenth century because_____________.

A) it was a comfortable place in which to live

B) it was a magical place where people could get rich overnight

C) it was a extreme military importance

D) it had a fine harbor in which 500 ships could lie safely


1. Port Royal was taken and retaken in frequent 1. Port Royal was taken and retaken in frequent battles before the seventeenth century battles before the seventeenth century because_____because_____DD________. ________.

A)A) it was a comfortable place in which to live it was a comfortable place in which to live

B) it was a magical place where people could get B) it was a magical place where people could get rich overnight rich overnight

C) C) it was a extreme military importanceit was a extreme military importance

D) it had a fine harbor in which 500 ships could lie D) it had a fine harbor in which 500 ships could lie safely safely


2. According to the story, Port Royal was widely 2. According to the story, Port Royal was widely known for ____________ .known for ____________ .

A) all kinds of evils A) all kinds of evils

B) its fine harbor B) its fine harbor

C) the warm welcome that people were given in the C) the warm welcome that people were given in the city city

D) the destructive earthquake in 1692 D) the destructive earthquake in 1692


2. According to the story, Port Royal was widely 2. According to the story, Port Royal was widely known for __known for __AA__________ .__________ .

A) A) all kinds of evilsall kinds of evils

B) its fine harborB) its fine harbor

C) the warm welcome that people were given in the C) the warm welcome that people were given in the city city

D) the destructive earthquake in 1692 D) the destructive earthquake in 1692


3.As a result of the earthquake ___________ .3.As a result of the earthquake ___________ .

A) all of its eight thousand people lost their lives A) all of its eight thousand people lost their lives

B) most of the city disappeared into deep water B) most of the city disappeared into deep water

C) all of the ships in the harbor sank C) all of the ships in the harbor sank

D) the harbor was utterly destroyed and could D) the harbor was utterly destroyed and could never be used againnever be used again


3. As a result of the earthquake 3. As a result of the earthquake BB

A) all of its eight thousand people lost their lives A) all of its eight thousand people lost their lives

B)B) most of the city disappeared into deep watermost of the city disappeared into deep water

C) all of the ships in the harbor sank C) all of the ships in the harbor sank

D) the harbor was utterly destroyed and could D) the harbor was utterly destroyed and could never be used againnever be used again


4. “The whole city seemed to be turning upside 4. “The whole city seemed to be turning upside down.”(L. 49) In this context“upside down”means down.”(L. 49) In this context“upside down”means _____ ._____ .

A) in a position where the top was becoming the A) in a position where the top was becoming the bottom bottom

B)B) in great disorder in great disorder

C) inside out C) inside out

D) buried in deep water D) buried in deep water


4. “The whole city seemed to be turning upside 4. “The whole city seemed to be turning upside down.”(L.49)In this context“upside down”means down.”(L.49)In this context“upside down”means __B__________ .__B__________ .

A) in a position where the top was becoming the A) in a position where the top was becoming the bottom bottom

B)B) in great disorder in great disorder

C) inside outC) inside out

D) buried in deep water D) buried in deep water


5. When news of the dreadful event reached other 5. When news of the dreadful event reached other places, people showed no sympathy for the city places, people showed no sympathy for the city because _______ .because _______ .

A) they had been longing for the treasures of Port A) they had been longing for the treasures of Port Royal themselves Royal themselves

B) they had suffered enough from Port Royal pirates B) they had suffered enough from Port Royal pirates

C)they thought the city deserved to be destroyed for C)they thought the city deserved to be destroyed for all its crimes all its crimes

D) D) they did not dare to go against God’s will they did not dare to go against God’s will


5. When news of the dreadful event reached other plac5. When news of the dreadful event reached other places, people showed no sympathy for the city becausees, people showed no sympathy for the city because______________CC________ .________ .

A) they had been longing for the treasures of Port RoyA) they had been longing for the treasures of Port Royal themselves al themselves

B) they had suffered enough from Port Royal pirates B) they had suffered enough from Port Royal pirates

C) they thought the city deserved to be destroyed for aC) they thought the city deserved to be destroyed for all its crimesll its crimes

D) they did not dare to go against God’s will D) they did not dare to go against God’s will

True/False Questions

1. The houses in the city of Port Royal were built on piles over the water, which implies that there was not enough land to be used.

2. Every country in Europe was trying to control the West Indies because the rulers of each country wanted to conquer the native Indians and change the places into their colonies. 3. It was safe to walk in the very dirty street.

4. A few British officers spent a quite life with daily visits to each other ,and control the crime.

(T)

(T)

(F)

(F)

True/False Questions

5. Harbor was still in use after earthquake, but the city of Port Royal was never recovered because they don’t want to run against God’s will. (T)

6. Many years after the earthquake, a lot of people came and began to dig among the ruins in order to seek treasures.

7. Even archaeologists are fed up with collecting broken pots and plates.

(F)

(T)


Port Royal, a well-known harbor in the West Indies in the seventeenth century, was suddenly destroyed in an earthquake. How did some people explain the cause of the happening? Read the article and see if you agree with the author.

Lesson 25 Lesson 25 Port RoyalPort Royal


Now that we are able to work amid the treasures under the sea we can hope to recover more of them. In fact, we are winning the freedom of the seas, and in a few years we shall be recovering exciting things from the deepest water. There is ,for example, Port Royal which lies next to Kingston. the capital city of Jamaica. Port Royal first entered history in 1494 when its fine harbor was discovered by Christopher Columbus. Indeed, except for the harbor, it was not an exciting discovery; there was no fresh drinking water and no good farm land ,nor was it a comfortable place in which to live. In its fine harbor, however, five hundred ships could lie safely , and this was enough to decide Port Royal’ s future. Every country in Europe was trying to control the West Indies, and any good harbor was a welcome port for their ships.

Port Royal was taken and retaken in frequent battles, but at last it fell to the British. By the end of the seventeenth century it was a large, rich city where eight thousand people lived. Many people have described the scene in this busy port , packed with people and full of life. The city was built on a narrow strip of land .Its houses were built on piles over the water, and crowded close together. The streets were narrow and the houses were high. As well as shops, houses ,factories and workshops, the port contained three forts, two prisons, a Governor’s House and many churches. Port Royal was well-known. Indeed, it was notorious for giving a welcome to all the worst thieves and pirates in the West Indies ,men guilty of every kind of crime ,who were invited to make their home there .The city suffered for the money they brought, and terrible stories were told about the lives they lived.

People who wanted to get rich quickly crowded into the port ready to cheat and steal, and the effect of this was that decent honest people were not welcome in Port Royal . It was a dangerous, cruel city, where fortunes were made in a day and lost in a night .It was risky to walk in the filthy streets alone : sailors arriving with pockets full of money were found murdered the next morning . Every other house was a drinking place, and murder was frequent and familiar; every other sailor was a pirate. Thieves who could not hope for mercy at home came to Port Royal .Anything was forgiven there. A few British officers controlled the port ,but they were little interested in keeping order in the streets.

They spent a quiet life with daily visits to each other , and did not try very hard to control the crime prevalent in the port .A few soldiers could not ,in fact, have controlled the pirates.

On Tuesday, 7 th June, 1692, this unhappy city woke on a bright midsummer morning. It was uncomfortably hot . The sky was a hard ,bright, cloudless blue .The sea was smooth and shining like glass ,and there was not a breath of wind moving the air .Ships ready to sail had to remain in harbor, because there was no wind to fill their sails .

This strange, breathless silence was the only unusual thing that morning .Sailors were returning to their ships after drinking and fighting all night. The wildest men were being taken to the port prisons .

Markets were opening and the city housewives were walking to the shops. Lessons were starting in the schools. Street children were happily swimming in the harbor among the ships. Important members of the City Council were on their way to a meeting planned for that morning . Everyone was hoping for rain.

The Council members never arrived at their meeting . The housewives never reached home again .The school children never finished their lessons .For between eleven o’clock and twelve Port Royal seemed to shake itself like a dog after a swim . One earthquake shock quickly followed another without pause, and instantly the whole city was seized with fear . Everyone rushed into the streets where they saw a terrible scene.

The whole city seemed to be turning upside down. Stones from falling buildings poured into the streets. Entire buildings were tumbling into huge cracks in the earth . As the earth opened up, the sea came rushing in .Men were thrown about like toys , sometimes falling into deep holes in the earth , whereupon the rushing sea would pick them up and throw them back into the street . Often they disappeared forever and the earth closed over them. The damage was all done in a few minutes. Three great shocks shook the city and a huge wave struck it at the same moment. The sound of crying and moaning filled the air , and over everything there hung a veil of dust. No one could help anyone else ; it was each man for himself. One moment men stood in the sun — the next moment they had disappeared.

By evening most of port Royal was gone .More than two thousand people had died ,and more had disappeared. Two fortes had been destroyed. The prisons, containing all their prisoners, had gone. Most of the ships in the harbor had sunk. The only big British ship in the harbor had been thrown out of the water into the middle of the city , where it rested on top of the biggest church in the city, St.. Paul’ s. For a short time two hundred people found protection in the ship .At last it ,too ,was washed back into the harbor — and the sea then closed over St. Paul’s Church! Most of Port Royal disappeared in deep water. When news of this dreadful event reached other places there was only one opinion about it ： this was God ’s punishment on an evil city ! Port Royal had sold itself to the devil and deserved its terrible fate !

Port Royal never recovered from this shock. The harbor continued in use, but a new city was never built. Perhaps people really believed that the city deserved its fate. Soon treasure–hunters came .Everyone knew that the sunken ships and the ruins of houses contained treasure. Many men tried digging among the ruins. Swimming under water was not easy in the seventeenth century, but eventually, in 1882, one lucky man found three million dollars in a sunken Spanish treasure ship. Others could see the roofs of houses under the water, and so they broke through and stole anything they could find. Slowly the scene changed. Under water buildings fell quickly into ruins .Sand and water covered the sunken city . The waves pushed the ruins about, and after a few years it was impossible to see where the city lay. However, stories were

told about the bells of St . Paul’s Church ; people said they could hear the bells ringing under the water during storms . Several people have tried to explore Port Royal . In 1965 Robert Marx , an underwater archaeologist, was invited to do the job by Government of Jamaica; by using modern equipment he hoped to rescue the remains of the city and stop the sea from further destroying them. At first he tried to make a map of the city with photographs from the air .Many things can be seen from airplanes that cannot be seen on the ground . Shadows show up the shapes of old cities and farms. However, the water of Port Royal is dark and dirty and consequently ,the air photographs were unclear, and all the map-making had to be done under water.

Robert Mars and his few helpers spent months swimming around the ruins. It was dangerous work. They moved through the dirty water using only the sense of touch. Sharks could swim behind them unseen. Sometimes the swimmers leaned on walls which began to fall , and if they tried to hold them up, heavy stones would fall upon them, holding them fast until their friends were able to save them.

In order to clear the sand around the ruins, they used a big air pipe through which sand was sent up to a boat in the harbor. Light things, such as rings and coins, were sucked through this pipe . but bigger things were carried up in sacks . Many of the drowned buildings were inns ,and the swimmers found hundreds of bottles and knives and spoons and cups and plates and tins. Many things were found lying on the tables where they had been set.

The most exciting find was a great box containing hundreds of silver coins. The explorers could not control their excitement as sacks of money came up from the sea floor! This was high pay for their work! The archaeologists were not looking for treasure. They wanted to build the old city again. They wanted to obtain a clear idea of the scene in Port Royal in June, 1692 .Firstly, they found old streets and houses and then brought up actual bricks for building the houses on land . A map of the city is now being made .However , the best places for digging are still to be found even archaeologists get tired of collecting broken pots and plates! The richer houses and the forts will undoubtedly contain more things of value and interest .Meanwhile the archaeologists are learning how people lived in Port Royal in the seventeenth century. From Exploring Our Past, Ed . , Joan Mackintosh , 1973.

Now that :

1.Now that we are able to work amid the treasures under the sea we can hope to recover more of them.

既然我们能够在海底宝藏中工作，我们就有希望重新找到更多的宝物。

既然，由于（ since ） Now that you‘ve grown up, you must stop this childish behavior.

你既然长大了，就必须停止这种幼稚的行为。

[ ]:an island country in the West Indies, south of Cuba.

Christopher Columbus [ krist ]

(1451---1506):

Italian navigator in the service of the king of Spain, discover of America (1492).

the West lndies: an archipelago( 群岛 )in the North Atlantic between North and South America.

Port Royal was taken and retaken in frequent battles, but at last it fell to the British.罗耶尔港在频繁的争战中几易其主，最后落入英国人手中。(1)take:“ 攻取”、“攻克”（ seize ） Our troops only took three cities at first.

fall to: “ 落入（手中）” ( fall into)

Many people have described the scene in this busy port, Many people have described the scene in this busy port,

packed with people and fall of life :packed with people and fall of life :

Many people have described the scene of this busy port which was filled with people and full of life .

be packed with: be full of “ 充满” .” 挤满” .

The dining hall was packed with students having their lunch. 餐厅里挤满了正在吃饭的学生。

Its houses were built on piles over the water: lts houses were built on large heavy timber beams which were driven into the bed of the sea to support the buildings.

lndeed, it was notorious for giving a welcome to all the worst thieves and lndeed, it was notorious for giving a welcome to all the worst thieves and pirates in the West Indies,men guilty of every kind of crime,who were inpirates in the West Indies,men guilty of every kind of crime,who were invited to manage their home there:vited to manage their home there:

Indeed, it had a bad fame for attracting all the worst thieves and pirates in west Indies. They committed(or were guilty of)every kind of crime and were attracted to make their home there. 这里 “ Men guilty of every kind of crime” 作 “ the worst thieves and pirates” 的同位语。此地因聚集赌棍和流氓而臭名远扬。 ( 1 ) private n. 海盗( 2 ) be notorious for:“ 因 ------ 而臭名昭著” ( have bad reputation of )This area is notorious for murders 这个地区因为杀人犯罪而著称。 ( 3 ) be guilty of: “ 犯罪，”“有罪 .He is guilty of committing murder. 他犯了谋杀罪。（ 4 ） invite: “ 吸引” ( attract ) 。 Tibet invites a good many visitors both at home and abroad. 西藏吸引了国内外许多游人。

suffered forsuffered for ：：

“ 因 ----- 而遭受恶果”。 .

I suffered for my carelessness in the test.

我因考试粗心而自食其果。

decent [ : ] adj. Decent means respectable and modest体面的，得体的

I only associate with decent fellow. 我只于正派人交往

filthy [filthy [filfil] adj. ] adj. 污秽，肮脏污秽，肮脏

filth clothes 脏衣服， filthy remarks 脏话

Every other house was a drinking place.每隔一幢房子就有一个酒馆。every other: 每隔一个I go there every other day. 我每隔一日就去那儿去一次。

forgive[ forgive[ ] vt. ] vt. to forgive means to stop being angry with someone who has done something wrong towards you or towards others.原谅，谅解Please forgive me for being late.请原谅我迟到了。

----and did not try very hard to control the crime prevalent in the port.

他们没有尽力去控制充斥港口的犯罪活动。

prevalent in the port: It is a adj. phrase used as attribute to modify “the crime ”,

prevalent: “ 盛行的”、“流行的”。 ( adj. Popular)

This kind of style ever prevalent in the world has been out of fashion now.

这种式样曾一度风摩全球，但现已过时了。

---, no wind to fill their sails.no wind to fill their sails.

没有扬帆的风。

City council :City council : the governing body of the city .

Entire building were tumbling into huge cracks in thEntire building were tumbling into huge cracks in the earth.e earth. 整座建筑物塌陷进了地面裂开的巨大裂缝里。整座建筑物塌陷进了地面裂开的巨大裂缝里。 “ tumble into” 指“塌陷，陷落入 --- ( collapse ,fall into --- ), crack 指“大裂缝”，由地震造成。

Often they disappeared forever and the earth closed Often they disappeared forever and the earth closed over them.over them.经常有人因落地底后经常有人因落地底后 ,, 地面又自动关合而永远失去了地面又自动关合而永远失去了踪影。踪影。close over:“ 淹没”、“吞没” ( swallow ) 。( 1 ) The flood closed over the village and no one escaped .洪水淹没了整个村庄，无一人生还。( 2 ) Midsummer heat closed over the whole city.整个城市处于盛夏的炎热之中

moan[ moan[ ]v. low saond of pain or regret. ]v. low saond of pain or regret.呻吟声，报愿声呻吟声，报愿声

He moaned in pain. 他在痛苦中呻吟。

Port Royal had sold itself to the devil and deservePort Royal had sold itself to the devil and deserved its terrible fate :d its terrible fate :Port Royal was a notorious place, where bad people had got the upper hand and so it deserved to have been destroyed by such a natural disaster.deserve: 应得到；值得（ be worthy of ） (1) Good work deserves good pay 。好的工作应得到好的报酬。 (2) He certainly deserves to sent to prison. 他的确应该送入监狱。

Shadows show up the shapes of old cities and farms.Shadows show up the shapes of old cities and farms. 水中隐约现出古城和农场的轮廓。水中隐约现出古城和农场的轮廓。show up : show up : 使显现，清晰，使显露（使显现，清晰，使显露（ revealreveal ））(1) Close study of the surface of the picture shows up (1) Close study of the surface of the picture shows up a network of fine cracks.a network of fine cracks.仔细察看画面，就可以看出网状的细裂纹。仔细察看画面，就可以看出网状的细裂纹。(2) His show-off only serves to show up his ignorance.(2) His show-off only serves to show up his ignorance.

他的卖弄只不过是暴露了他自已的无知。他的卖弄只不过是暴露了他自已的无知。

consequently[ consequently[ ]: therefore ]: therefore因此，所以因此，所以I missed the train, consequently was late for class. 我误了火车，因此上课晚了。

If they tried to hold them up, heavy stones If they tried to hold them up, heavy stones would fall upon them. would fall upon them. 如果他们企图把它们向上浮起，大如果他们企图把它们向上浮起，大石块就会砸倒他们。石块就会砸倒他们。hold up: 支持 ,拖延，抢劫（ 1 ) The pillars held up the roof.柱子支撑着屋顶。 ( 2 ） The ship was held up by fog for several hours. 船因雾而耽搁了几个小时。 ( 3 ） The criminal held up the bus and took all the passengers money.罪犯拦劫了汽车，抢走了所有的乘客的钱财

holding then fast until their friends were ablholding then fast until their friends were able to save them .e to save them .紧紧地抓住直到朋友来救他们。紧紧地抓住直到朋友来救他们。 fast ： Here is a adverb which means “tight” ， in Chinese“紧紧的”、“牢牢的”。He caught his mother fast lest he be taken away.他紧紧地抓住母亲，恐怕被别人带走。

They wanted to obtain a clear idea of the scene in port Royal in June ,1692.

他们想对 1692年 6月的罗耶尔有一个确切的了解。

Obtain a clear idea of : 了解 ( get the picture of )

•Outline of The Text

•Comment on the story

Comment

This story is about the total destruction of Port Royal by an earthquake. In fact, Port Royal is not the only town to have been destroyed by a natural disaster. One of the earliest disasters was the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum in southern Italy in79A D. The two ancient Roman cities were engulfed and buried in volcanic mud. Pompeii was rediscovered in 1748 and Herculaneum in 1709.

Outline of The Text In December 1620, a small sailboat with one hundred Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Terrible months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest survived that winter .However, conditions began to improve in the spring of 1621.The colonists’ health improved with the warm weather and their better diet, too. In the fall, they saw new hope for the future, for a splendid harvest was behind them. Best of all, they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors.

At the end of the year, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday. Governor Bradford decided on December 13, 1621 as the day for giving thanks to God. They offered humble thanks to god, and started their three days of celebration.

In the following decades, Thanksgiving Days were frequently held, sometimes twice a year, sometimes every other year, depending on the circumstances.

In 1863, in agreement with Mrs. Hale’s constant suggestions, president Lincoln appointed the last Thursday in November as the first national Thanksgiving Day. Since then, each president has proclaimed a Thanksgiving Day for the nation as a whole.

Thanksgiving is a happy celebration. It is a family day and a chance to renew friendships. Above all, it is a time for remembrance and for giving thanks.

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