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LESSON 27: Cell Structures

Life Science

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Lesson 27 – Cell Structures

• Click here to view an animation on cell structures & functions.

• Review the vocabulary in this lesson.• OGT Skills Checklist - At the end of this lesson,

you should be able to answer the following questions:– What is the difference between prokaryotes and

eukaryotes?– What cell structures make up a cell and what are their

functions?– What are the differences between plant and animal

cells?

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Cell Structures – Vocab Review

• Nucleus• DNA• RNA• Cell Membrane/ Plasma Membrane• Cytoplasm• Mitochondria• Golgi Apparatus• Ribosome• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Vacuole• Flagellum• Cilia

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Nucleus

• Part of the cell that contains DNA & RNA.• Controls cell’s growth & reproduction.

(Image from http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1538/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1538R-5026.jpg)

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

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DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic acid.• Contains the instructions needed to make proteins

that perform important functions for an organism (examples: develop, survive and reproduce).

(Image from http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_2_26_2005_13_38_09/DNA8-400.jpg71abe163-6969-448a-8c20-b7209efeefb0Large.jpg)

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RNA

• Ribonucleic acid.• Carries the genetic instructions from DNA in

nucleus to cytoplasm where proteins are made.

(Image from http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/mRNA-colored.gif )

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Cell Membrane(Plasma Membrane)

• Surrounds the cell. • Controls what can come into or leave the cell.

(Image from http://medicineagency.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/bouncer_big.JPG)

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

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Cytoplasm

• Fluid that fills the cell.

(Image from http://s3.amazonaws.com/alpha.spongefish.com/329/wide/jlo123_stvs_spins_fruit_bowl.jpg)

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

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Mitochondria

• Provides cell with energy.

(Image from http://pro.corbis.com/images/CB064937.jpg?size=572&uid=%7BD6ECB545-940A-4C61-A68D-5CA2A591862E%7D)

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

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Golgi Apparatus

• Membrane bound organelle that packages and secretes (releases) products.

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

(Image from http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/package.gif )

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Ribosome

• Functions to make proteins based on DNA instructions.

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif )

(Image from http://cheezeworld.com/object-creation-game-factory/)

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• A membrane network used for transport within the cell.

(Image adapted from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_X06sfPDLGS8/RbitsNpRurI/AAAAAAAAABU/nJTZow03j0c/s320/Animal-cell.gif)

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Vacuole

• Membrane bound organelle that contains fluid. Can be used for storage.

(Image from http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/Science/sciber00/7th/cells/images/vacuole.gif)

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Other Parts: Flagellum

• Long projection that is used to help the cell move (locomotion)

• Only found in some cell types

(Image from http://www.kaskaskia.edu/BCambron/Biology%20101%20Chapter%204_files/image002.jpg)

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Other Parts: Cilia

• Many short, thin projections that can be used to help the cell move (locomotion)

• Only found in some cell types

(Images adapted from http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Animals_2/Ciliates.htm)