lesson 3-global media
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Mass Communication. For educational purposes only.TRANSCRIPT
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Global Media SystemsHow media vary around the world
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• Authoritarianism – Top-down governance, such as a monarchy or dictatorship.
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• Henry VIII – In England, outlawed imported publications, licensed printers, curbed free expression
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• Censorship – When authorities edit, delete or preview material before it is published.
• Many great books, both historic and current, were banned. Here’s a small list.
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• Divine right of kings – Belief that the monarch is descended from God and, therefore, must be obeyed by the people.
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• Libertarianism – The belief that the people should make decisions about what’s best for them.
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• John Milton – First made case in 1644’s Areopagitica for the “marketplace of ideas.”
• Marketplace of ideas – The argument for a free and open exchange for information and ideas.
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• First Amendment – One of the first times that freedom of press, religion and expression by the people was codified into law.
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• Voice of America – Developed during Cold War to provide news, information to people behind the “Iron Curtain.”– Now broadcasts in
countries with state-controlled media to articulate U.S. policies directly to people
– Criticized by some as fighting propaganda with propaganda.
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Global News Systems
• Al-Jazeera – Satellite channel based in Qatar originally designed to provided news and information to Arab audiences. Now operates to a worldwide audience.
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– Started in 1996 by Sheikh Hammad bin Khalifa.
– Gained credibility with Arab audiences by including reporting from all sides, including insurgents.
– Now one of the world’s best-known brand names
– Started an English-language channel in 2006.
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• China– Government does not believe in free expression– Media state-controlled, censored by authorities– Internet firewall that keeps people from posting
controversial topics, like human rights, Tibetan or Taiwanese independence, Falun Gong
– Citizens, though, have found ways around government censors.
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• Britain– Created British Broadcasting Corporation in 1927– Run by a board of governors appointed by government– Funded by television licensing fees, about $242 a year– Has global television and radio news services– Created numerous shows popular in America, including
Monty Python’s Flying Circus
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India– Influence of Bollywood, nickname for India’s movie
industry, spreading throughout the globe– Industry creates 1,200 movies a year, twice as many as
Hollywood– Large increase in number of wireless Internet users –
600,000 villages have wi-fi centers