lesson 3 glycolysis and atp synthesis
TRANSCRIPT
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Glycolysis and ATP synthesis
(e) state that glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm;
(f) outline the process of glycolysis beginning with the phosphorylation of glucose to hexose bisphosphate, splitting of hexose bisphosphate into two triose
phosphate molecules and further oxidation to pyruvate,
producing a small yield of ATP and reduced NAD;
(g) state that, during aerobic respiration in animals, pyruvate is actively transported into mitochondria;
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Chemiosmosis animation
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Glycolysis (cytoplasm)…
Glucose (6C hexose)
6C hexose bisphosphate
2 x 3C triose phosphate
2 x 3C pyruvatePyruvate actively pumped into mitochondrial
matrix
2x ATP used
4x ATP produced
2x NADH produced from NAD
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Substrate Level Phosphorylation
• Formation of ATP from ADP and Pi during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/biology1111/animations/glycolysis.html
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/glycolysis.html
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Summary test…• Glycolysis takes place in the (1) of the cells and
begins with the activation of the main respiratory substrate; the hexose sugar called (2). This activation involves the addition of 2 (3) molecules provided by 2 molecules of (4). The resultant molecule is known as (5) and in the next stage of glycolysis it is split into 2 molecules called (6). The third stage entails the oxidation of these molecules by the removal of (7), which are transferred to a carrier called (8). The final stage of glycolysis is the production of the 3 carbon molecule (9), which also results in the formation of 2 molecules of (10).
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Stretch and Challenge Q P85
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Notes pgs 84-87…
• The 4 stages in glycolysis– Structure and names of molecules– ATP/ADP/Pi involved– NAD+/NADH + H+ involved– The products of glycolysis– Uses of products
• How ATP is formed– Roles of ETC and ATP synthase– The importance of a proton gradient across the
inner membrane of the mitochondria
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Link Reaction…
• Multi-enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase
• Pyruvate acetyl coenzyme A
• Pyruvate + NAD+ + Coenzyme A Acetyl coA + reduced NAD + carbon
dioxide
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Krebs Cycle…
• Acetyl coA + oxaloacetate (4C)
• Citrate (6C)
• α-ketoglutarate (5C)
• Oxaloacetate (4C)
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Respiration summary…
Learning objectives…•Review stages of aerobic
respiration and practice exam technique
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Products of respiration…
• Products of glycolysis??
• Products of link reaction??
• Products of Krebs Cycle??
• Products of oxidative phosphorylation??
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Summary test…• Pyruvate molecules produced during (1) are
moved into the (2) of the mitochondria by the process of (3). Before pyruvate can enter the Krebs cycle, it first has a carbon dioxide molecule removed – a process known as (4), and also a pair of hydrogen atoms removed – a process known as (5). The resultant molecule that can enter Krebs cycle is called (6). This 2-carbon molecule enters the Krebs cycle and combines with a 4-carbon molecule called (7) to produce a 6-carbon molecule called (8). The progressive loss of 2 carbon dioxide molecules and 8 hydrogen atoms produces the original 4-carbon molecule. Most of the hydrogen atoms are transferred to a hydrogen carrier called (9) or (10) and enter a process called (11) that is used to produce (12).
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