lesson 6.1 overview of the nervous system chapter 6: the nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
Lesson 6.1
Overview of the Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System
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• 2 major divisions– central nervous system (CNS)– peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• sensory receptors• afferent (sensory) nerves• efferent (motor) nerves
Organization of the Nervous System
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Two Major Divisions
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• somatic nervous system– voluntary
• autonomic nervous system– involuntary– sympathetic– parasympathetic
The Efferent Nerves
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• neuroglia– AKA glial cells– support and protect neurons
• neurons – transmit nerve impulses
Nervous Tissues
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• CNS– astrocytes– microglia– ependymal– oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia
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• peripheral nervous system– Schwann cells– satellite cells
Neuroglia
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• dendrites– send information to cell body (Deliver)
• cell bodies• Axons
– send information AWAY from cell body
Neurons
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• sensory neurons– send impulses toward CNS
• motor neurons– send impulses away from CNS
• interneurons– bridges between neurons
Neuron Types by Function
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• bipolar– 1 axon and
1 dendrite
Neuron Structures
• multipolar– 1 axon,
many dendrites
• unipolar– 1 axon
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Match terms with 1–4 below:
Sympathetic nervous system
Myelin
Synapse
Axon
1. high alert
2. transmits impulses away from cell body
3. fatty insulating material
4. gap between neurons
Review and Assessment
Lesson 6.2
Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Chapter 6: The Nervous System
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• action potentials– change in cell membrane charge
• impulse transmission– charge change travels along axon
• reflexes– involuntary response to stimulus
Transmission of Nerve Impulses
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• polarized• depolarized• refractory period• repolarized
Action Potentials
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• transmission at synapses– gap junctions– neurotransmitter
• excitatory effect• inhibitory effect
Impulse Transmission
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• somatic– stimulate skeletal muscles
• autonomic – stimulate involuntary muscles
Reflexes
Lesson 6.3
Functional Anatomy of the Central
Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System
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• cerebral cortex– gyrus– sulcus– fissure
• lobes– frontal– parietal– occipital– temporal
• primary motor cortex• primary somatic sensory cortex
Cerebrum
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Cerebrum
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• thalamus• hypothalamus
Diencephalon
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• midbrain• pons• medulla oblongata
Brain Stem
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• cerebellum• blood-brain barrier
The Brain
• meninges– dura mater– arachnoid mater– pia mater
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Spinal Cord
Lesson 6.4
Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System
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• sympathetic nerves– fight-or-flight action
• parasympathetic nerves– resting or digesting action
Autonomic Nervous System
Lesson 6.5
Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System
Chapter 6: The Nervous System
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• violent impact to head– mild– moderate– severe
Traumatic Brain Injury
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• damage to brain– before birth– during birth– during infancy
• motor function impairment
Cerebral Palsy
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• C1–C3: usually fatal• C1–C4: quadriplegia• C5–C7: paralysis of lower extremities• T1–L5: paraplegia
Spinal Cord Injuries
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• meningitis• multiple sclerosis• epilepsy• Parkinson’s disease• dementia and Alzheimer’s disease• ALS• Huntington’s • stroke
Diseases and Disorders of the CNS