Lesson 7b: CarbohydratesOse – sugarFruct – fruitMal - badMono – oneDi – twoHerb – plantCarn – fleshVor - eat

Carbs 17:33: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3092FF69-912E-493B-97DA-66FEDDCF9DC6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Regents Biology 2006-2007

Carbohydrates:OH

OH

H

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

HOH

O

Energy molecules

Carbohydrates Building block molecules =

sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar

sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar

sugars

sucrose

Carbohydrates Function:

quick energy energy storage structure

cell wall in plants

Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall)

glucoseC6H12O6

starch

Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in

glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH

OH

H

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

H

OH

O

glucoseC6H12O6

sucrose

fructose

maltose

-ose

Building carbohydrates Synthesis

|Fructose1 sugar

|Glucose1 sugar

monosaccharides

|Sucrose

2 sugars linked(table sugar)

disaccharide

BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides

starch energy storage in plants

potatoes glycogen

energy storage in animals in liver & muscles

cellulose structure in plants

cell walls chitin

structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton

Digesting starch vs. cellulose

starcheasy todigest

cellulosehard todigest

enzyme

enzyme

Cellulose Cell walls in plants

herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients

cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material

moving in your intestines

Cowcan digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars

Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals