lesson 8 psychologically speaking --lucretia govedare

Lesson 8

Psychologically Speaking

--Lucretia Govedare

BEA Confidential. | 2

Contents

4

Part One Warm-up1

2

3

5

Part Two Background Information

Part Three Language Study

Part Four Text Analysis

Part Five Detailed Study

6 Part Six Exercises


Part OnePart One

Have you seen any situation comedy?

A situational comedy is a humorous drama based on situations that might arise in day-to-day life.

I. Sigmund Freud

II. Puritan

III. Quaker

Background Background InformationInformation


I. Sigmund FI. Sigmund Frreudeud

Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia.

When Freud was about three years old, the family When Freud was about three years old, the family moved to Vienna, the capital city of Austria. moved to Vienna, the capital city of Austria.

Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school, Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school, he decided to study medicine and become a doctor, so he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna.


I. Sigmund FreudI. Sigmund Freud

While he was still at university, Freud decided to Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain and the nervous system. and the nervous system. From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor in Vienna.

In March 1938, Freud came to London to flee from the In March 1938, Freud came to London to flee from the Nazis after the German annexation of Austria.Nazis after the German annexation of Austria.

In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, London.London.



What is Psychoanalysis?What is Psychoanalysis?

Freud: Freud: Some Elementary Lessons in PsychoanalysisSome Elementary Lessons in Psychoanalysis, ,

“ “Psychoanalysis is part of the mental science of psychology. Psychoanalysis is part of the mental science of psychology. It is also described as ‘depth psychology’... If someone asks It is also described as ‘depth psychology’... If someone asks what ‘the psychical’ really means, it is easy to reply by what ‘the psychical’ really means, it is easy to reply by enumerating its constituents: our perceptions, ideas, enumerating its constituents: our perceptions, ideas, memories, feelings and acts of volition—all these form part of memories, feelings and acts of volition—all these form part of what is psychical.”what is psychical.”

— —1938 1938



As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the observation As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the observation

that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that

determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious

factors may create unhappiness, sometimes in the form of factors may create unhappiness, sometimes in the form of

recognizable symptoms and at other times as troubling recognizable symptoms and at other times as troubling

personality traits, difficulties in work or in love relationships, personality traits, difficulties in work or in love relationships,

or disturbances in mood and self-esteem. or disturbances in mood and self-esteem.



Works: in a chronological order

Studies on Hysteria (with Breuer) Project for a Scientific Psychology(unpublished) 1895

‘The Interpretation of Dreams 1900

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life 1901

Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria 1905

New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis 1916

Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego 1921

The Future of an Illusion 1927

Civilization and its Discontents 1930

Moses and Monotheism 1939


II. Puritan and QuakerII. Puritan and Quaker

American history started in the New England area. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the whole European continents were controlled by Kings and Governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. Church and state were not separated and therefore churches had great power at that time. The Puritans and the Quakers wanted to simplify forms of church ceremony. They were considered religious radicals. To escape religious persecution, the Puritans came from England to America. Those first settlers were considered the spiritual ancestors of American people. They had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. The concept of individual freedom is probably the most basic value in American. However, today Puritans are mainly remembered as a group of people who lived in fear of God’s punishment; who lived and worked only for the glory of God; who worked extremely hard, saved every penny, denied themselves of every worldly pleasure; who did not sing, or dance or play music or wear colorful clothes; who were obsessed with rules, discipline, responsibility, obedience, frugality.


1. Puritan1. Puritan

OriginOrigin

The term “Puritan” first began as a taunt or insult applied by The term “Puritan” first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to “purify” the Church of England.“purify” the Church of England.

In 1608, a group of Puritan separatists, attempting to escape In 1608, a group of Puritan separatists, attempting to escape religious persecution, fled England for the Netherlands. In religious persecution, fled England for the Netherlands. In 1620, a mixed group of Puritan emigrants (the “Pilgrims”) and 1620, a mixed group of Puritan emigrants (the “Pilgrims”) and adventurers from England sailed to America on the adventurers from England sailed to America on the Mayflower and landed, accidentally, on Cape Cod in Mayflower and landed, accidentally, on Cape Cod in November 1620. November 1620.



The term “Puritan” first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England. In November 1620, a group of Puritan separatists, attempting to escape religious persecution, fled England on the Mayflower to settle in the New World. Within five months half of the original 101 colonists were dead.



“Puritan” refers to two distinct groups:

“separating” puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it;

non-separating puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, believed in reforming the established church but not separation, and who believed in forming churches through voluntary compacts. The idea of compacts was central to the Puritans’ conception of social, political, and religious organizations.



Puritan’s belief

Like their counterparts in Britain they were extreme Calvinistic Protestants who viewed the Reformation as a victory of true Christianity over Roman Catholicism. They believed that the Universe was God- centered, and that man, inherently sinful and corrupt, rescued from damnation only by arbitrary divine grace, was duty-bound to do God's will, which he could understand best by studying the Bible and the universe which God had created and which he controlled.


2. Quaker2. Quaker

OriginOrigin

Religious Society of Friends: Religious Society of Friends:

Started in England around 1650, by many people, the Started in England around 1650, by many people, the most famous being George Fox. They in fact intended to start most famous being George Fox. They in fact intended to start a movement to unify the splintered Christian churches, rather a movement to unify the splintered Christian churches, rather than to start a separate sect. than to start a separate sect.

The term “Quaker”, originated in England in the mid 17th The term “Quaker”, originated in England in the mid 17th century, refers to a member of the Religious Society of century, refers to a member of the Religious Society of Friends. Friends.


2. Quaker2. Quaker

Beliefs

““Quaker” rebelled against the rigid hierarchy in the Anglican Quaker” rebelled against the rigid hierarchy in the Anglican church, and met in homes or buildings, waiting upon God church, and met in homes or buildings, waiting upon God silently to make His presence felt and inwardly heard. Any silently to make His presence felt and inwardly heard. Any person could be called by God to rise and preach upon any person could be called by God to rise and preach upon any occasion of worship. occasion of worship.

They were, very family-oriented, far from being celibate. They They were, very family-oriented, far from being celibate. They also have historically not withdrawn from the world but have also have historically not withdrawn from the world but have been very active in the cause of social justice for the poor been very active in the cause of social justice for the poor and oppressed, education and humanitarian relief.and oppressed, education and humanitarian relief.


2. Quaker2. Quaker

Two reputed origins of the Quaker:

he first refers to people "quaking" or trembling when feeling moved by the Holy Spirit to speak in Meetings for Worship.

The other is: George Fox was arrested in Derby in October 1650 and charged with blasphemy. George Fox was questioned intermittently over an eight hour period, during which at one point George Fox told the magistrates who tried him "Tremble at the word of the Lord". It was Justice Bennett who coined the name "Quakers" for the followers of George Fox


2. Quaker2. Quaker

Rules of the Quaker:

simplicity, financial responsibility, work ethic, belief in the perfectibility of humankind


Part ThreePart Three

Word Study

Phrases and Expressions


1. Word Study1. Word Study

pompous

reprimand

snoop

speculative

stifle

confess

claim

convention

crusade

fuss

LIST



1. confess

v. to admit

Examples:

After three hours of interrogation, he confessed everything.

Simpson has confessed to taking the money.

Years later Luke confessed to friends that he really fancied me.

Word formation

n. confession



2. claim

v. a. to demand recognition that one has

the right to sth.

b. to assert, say sth. is a fact

Examples:

He claimed to be the owner of the land.

He claimed to be the best tennis player in the school.

More examples



n. a. a statement that you have the legal right

to sth.

b. an official request for money that you

believe you have a right to

c. a right to someone’s attention, love etc.

Examples:

Did anyone make a claim to this bike?

a claim for Social Security benefits

You’ve no claim on my sympathies.



3. convention

n. a. generally accepted practice, esp. with

regard to social behavior and attitudes

b. a formal agreement between

governments of different countries

c. a meeting for people who belong to the

same profession or organizationExamples:

The hand shake is a social convention.

the European convention on human rights

a teacher’s convention

Word formation

a. conventional



4. crusade

n. a struggle for the advancement of an

idea, a principle, etc.

v. to work hard for a long time to achieve

sth. that you strongly believe is morally

right

Examples:

a crusade for equal rights

a crusade against government corruption

They’re crusading against child abuse.Crusade

宗教战争；（十一至十三世纪的）十字军

东征



5. fussn. needlessly nervous or useless activity

v. to give too much attention to small,

unimportant matters

Examples:

What is all the fuss about?

I spent days fussing about the travel

arrangements.

More examples



[ 美俚 ] 起哄，骚乱

对某人过分关心，大肆吹捧某人

小题大做

瞎忙得团团转

make/kick up a fuss

make a fuss of/over someone

make a great fuss about nothing

fuss up and down



6. pompous

adj. trying to make people think you are

important, especially by speaking or

behaving in a very serious and formal

way

Example:

The principal gave a very pompous speech about “the portals of learning”.

Word formation

adv. pompously



7. reprimand

v. to tell someone officially that sth. they have done is very wrong

Examples:

The military court reprimanded him for failing to do

his duty.

He was reprimanded for playing truant.



8. snoop

v. to secretly try to get information that

someone would not want you to have

n. someone who tries to get secret information

about others

Examples:

She’s been snooping round asking questions.

I hear they use detectives to snoop on employees.



9. speculative

a. a. based on guesses or on a little

information, not on facts

b. bought or done in the hope of

making a profit later

Examples:

These figures are, at best, speculative.

speculative investment

We can only speculate on the reasons for his sudden

resignation.

Word formation

n. speculationv. speculate

adv. speculatively



10. stifle

v. a. to stop someone from breathing

b. to stop sth. from developing normally

c. to stop a feeling from being expressed

Examples:

He was almost stifled by the fumes.

Businesses are being stifled by a lot of new laws.

He stifled the urge to scream.


2. Phrases and Expressions2. Phrases and Expressions

LIST

1. ways

2. under cover

3. put someone on one’s honor

4. go off with someone/sth.

5. for certain

6. behave oneself

7. go one’s separate

8. in some/large meas

9. open one’s eyes to

10. hang around one’s neck

11. go through with

12. beat about/around the

bush



1. behave oneself

a. to conduct (oneself) properly

b. to conduct (oneself) in a specified way

Examples:

The children do not know how to behave themselves decently.

The witness behaved herself with great calmness.



2. go one’s separate ways

to end a relationship with a partner and

decide to live or work apart

Example:

The members of the band have decided to go their

separated ways.



3. under cover

pretending to be someone else in order

to find out secret information

Example:

Working under cover is one of the most dangerous

types of police work.



4. put someone on one’s honor

to count on one’s promise

Example:

The father put the boys on their honor not to

smoke in the dorm.

Chinese

靠靠 ············ 的自觉的自觉

“ honor” phrases



cf.

His contributions do honor to his university.

The city built up a monument in honor of him (in his honor).

I promise on my honor never to do such a thing again/ that it won’t be done.

给给 ············ 带来荣誉带来荣誉

为了（纪念或表为了（纪念或表

敬意而举行活动）敬意而举行活动）

以人格担保以人格担保

Translation



5. go off with someone/sth.

a. to start a new relationship with someone

after leaving the person you were previously

having a relationship with

b. to leave with sth. that belongs to someone

else

Examples:

Apparently he’s gone off with someone he met at a conference last year.

Someone’s gone off with my coffee cup. Translation

1. 私奔

2. 拿走



6. for certain

without doubt; definitely

Example:

I think I met her in 2003, but I can’t say for

certain.



7. in some/large measure

to some/large degree

Example:

Drunkenness and carelessness are in large

measure responsible for automobile

accidents.

“ measure” phrases



cf.

The pride he felt is

beyond measure.

They returned our hospitality

in full measure.

She seems to have got the

measure of the champion.

非常大，极其

全部地（回报所受

之物）

估量某人的能力，

掂某人的分量



8. open one’s eyes to

to make someone realize the truth about a situation

Examples:

He refused to open his eyes to the truth.

It was this accident that opened my eyes to her true

character.

“ eye” phrases



cf.

be all eyes

catch sb.’s eyes

look sb. in the eye

make eyes at sb./ give sb. the eye

with one’s eyes closed/ shut

close/shut one’s eyes to sth.

全神贯注地

引起某人注意

直视某人

眉目传情

轻而易举地

不理会某事



9. hang around one’s neck

to be your unpleasant responsibility or burden

Example:

All the problems about the project are hanging around my neck.



10. go through with

to do sth. you had promised or planed to do, even though it causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it

Example:

I can’t believe that he went through with the divorce.



11. beat about/around the bush

to spend a long time getting to the

main point of what you are saying,

especially because it is embarrassing

Example:

Stop beating around the bush and tell me the truth.


Part FourPart Four

General Analysis

Have you got the key elements in the story?

Plot of the play1

2

3

4

Setting of the play

Protagonists of the play

Theme of the play

Conflicts of the play5


Plot: The conflict between Mrs. Kent and Eve and

the fight of two men over Mrs. Kent with a

happy ending.

Setting: A living room of an American middle-class

family, at the end of 1930s.

Protagonists: Mrs. Kent, Mr. Kent, Eve Kent, and

Professor Charles Waring.

Theme: People usually value more what they

don’t have or what they are about to lose

forever.


Conflicts: Chief conflict: between the mother who wanted to stick to the traditional way of life and the daughter who yearned for change and freedom, especially, as is often the case, in love and marriage. This conflict of course is not new. We can easily recall many similar stories from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet to famous love stories in our own culture. What is unusual was the way the conflict was resolved. It was resolved in a melodramatic way by a psychologist.

Minor conflict: the fight over Mrs. Kent between Mt. Kent, her husband, and the psychologist, who pretended to be her long-lost first husband coming back to claim her. It was interesting that the resolution of the first occurred at the same time when the second conflict was resolved. So the play ended in happiness for everybody.


Structure

Part 1 (Paras. 1— 12 ):

Part 2 (Paras. 13—31 ):

Part 3 (Paras. 32—52 ):

Introduction of a middle-class family in America.

The conflict between Mrs. Kent and Eve Kent.

The visit of Professor Waring and his plan.


Part FivePart Five

DD

BB

CC

AASentences Paragraph

Detailed Discussion

Writing Devices

Grammar

Contents


Sentence Paraphrase 1Sentence Paraphrase 1

• Well, he gave his mother a new coat last

Christmas—but he wouldn't think of givin’ me

anything so personal-like. (Para. 6)

Personal gifts are more private and intimate. They are only for special people.



• I wouldn’t go out with him, unless he was—not when

I’m working for you. (Para. 10)

I wouldn’t go out with him unless he was a

decent guy. I wouldn’t do that so long as I’m

working for you because I don’t want to

bring shame to such a respectable family.



•Why, her mother wouldn’t have dreamed of marrying her

father, it would simply have seemed childish to her! (Para.

15)

would +have done

probability of a past action

Her mother probably didn’t think of marrying her father at home or in the church. This social convention was silly and childish for them.

More examples



That’s the whole trouble, our stupid, small-town way of

doing things, always under cover. (Para. 21)

being hidden or protected

That is the problem of our way of life. People in our small town are usually ill-informed, narrow-minded, and ridiculously conservative, and always like to cover things up.



Of course we’re putting you and Dad on your honor,

Mother. We don’t expect you to be so childish as to lock

me up in my room, call the police, or anything so naive as

that! (Para. 23)

to count your promise

so… as to

Of course we are counting on our promise not to do anything stupid like trying to lock me in my room or call the police.



Yes, I thought, I was happy ideally so—but, oh, Charles, it

was a fool’s paradise! (Para. 39)

to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there are no problems,

when in fact this is not true



And the final uncertainty as to just where he was buried?

(Para. 46)

concerning, about, with regard to

With regard to the place where he was buried, we didn’t find out for sure in the end.



Partially recovering, I wandered all over the world,

hunting some clue to my identity—hoping to establish

some connection with my past. (Para. 50)

the act of conducting a search for something

When I got a little better, I began to go from

one country to another, trying to find out who

I was and to get back my lost memory.



Finally, one night, I had a shock, it all came back—my

former life—and I am here to claim you, Bessie! (Para. 50)

You have the right to take away something because it

belongs to you.

Finally, one night, suddenly the memory all came back, and I come here to take you away.



I can think of worse things than that, Bessie. (Para. 52)

understatement

That would not be such a terrible thing at all.


Detailed DiscussionDetailed Discussion

Question: What kind of family do you think it is from the introduction of setting at the beginning?

It is a typical American middle–class family in the

1930s. The husband is breadwinner of the family.

The wife stays home, taking care of family and

doing handiwork such as sewing which is taken as

natural and respectable pastime.



Question: From the dialogues between Mrs. Kent and Thelma, what are the important values that Mrs. Kent holds?

Mrs. Kent was conservative and conventional

for she wanted Thelma to go out with a decent

guy and to behave herself at the party. She

always wanted to keep a respectable front and

couldn’t afford to lose face for any improper

behaviors of her maid.



You’ve no idea how primitive we are—how simple, how bourgeois!

Question: What did Eve mean?

Eve accused the old of being old-fashioned,

conservative, narrow-minded and primitive. She

thought people in her town were too interested

in property and social status, and were having a

vain, vulgar and hypocritical life which she

wan’t going to lead.



Question: What effect did Eve’s words on Mrs. Kent when she said “it was a fool’s paradise”?

With time passing, the old lady was dying; at the

meantime, with the inspiration of the friendship,

the boy was developing into an confident and

open-minded boy and no longer afraid of having

new friends.



Yes, I thought, I was happy, ideally so—but, oh, Charles, it was a fool’s paradise!

Question: Why did Mrs. Kent say she lived in “a fool’s paradise”?

Eve’s words took effect on Mrs. Kent. She began

to think about whether her marriage was happy or

not and whether her husband loved her or not.



I feel absolutely wicked. (delighted) (Goes up to mirror, pulls her hair our in a softer fashion, readjust her dress.)

Question: Why did Mrs. Kent feel delighted?

After hearing Professor Waring’s suggestion,

Mrs. Kent thought it’s feasible and felt she was

still attractive. She was delighted and even paid

more attention to her appearance.



No, on the contrary, a most interesting and worthwhile evening—(Smiles) psychologically speaking!

Question: What did Professor Waring mean?

We could say that it was Professor Waring who have designed an interesting psychological experiment, put it into reality and proved his point of view. It was not only a research, but also has helped the family solve the problem, so it was “a most interesting and worthwhile evening”.


Writing DevicesWriting Devices

Classic Unities (Three Unities)

The unity of time: A play should represent an action that takes approximately the same amount of time as the play; years should not pass during the hours a play takes.

2. The unity of place: A play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place.

3. The unity of action: A play should have one main action that it follows, with no or few subplots.



The play is an example of three unities.

The unity of time: Later afternoon.

The unity of place: The living room of the family.

3. The unity of action: Mrs. Kent tried to prevent her daughter from going away and got to know whether her hausband still loved her.



Understatement

I can think of worse things than that, Bessie. (Para. 52)

understatement

Understatement is used to make something appear smaller or less important than it really is. It can be used to entertain or to reduce the importance of the truth.



She was not without ambition.

Compare “quite ambitious”

The boy was undoubtedly a difficult pupil, for he had a strong independent mind and was impatient of accepted rules and conventions.

Compare “hated/disliked” with “was impatient of”



“It does seem a bit damp in here,” said Mark as the water

soaked through his shoes.

I have never been mugged or physically molested in any way, possibly because my large build does not make me an ideal prospect for a hoodlum.


Grammar--Grammar--Adverbial Clause of Adverbial Clause of ConditionCondition

Examples:

If it works out, if we decide on a permanent marriage, we’ll come back and be married at home.

He probably wouldn’t even care if you went off with another man.

real condition (indicative mood)

unreal condition (subjunctive mood)



Once, if a nation had twelve battleships it was a Great Power, and we could only obey.

Suppose we are late, what will he say?

In the event that our team wins, there will be a celebration.



If you had been black we probably wouldn’t even have met.

If you lived there for a while, you’d change you mind about her place.

If we left now, we should arrive in good time.


Part SixPart Six

I. Exercises in the TextbookI. Exercises in the Textbook

II. Oral Work—Group DiscussionII. Oral Work—Group Discussion

What was the experiment the psychologist was

trying to make? Was he happy with the result of

the play?

Some young people in our country have also

been talking about, even practicing

cohabitation. They think this is cool, a

revolution. Give your views about this. Think of

some positive ideas and some negative ideas.

Do you favor the idea of “experimental

marriage”? Why or why not ?

Thank you!

lesson 8 psychologically speaking --lucretia govedare

Documents

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sigmund freudwhat

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text analysis

university of vienna

group psychology

depth psychology