lesson - 9 -...
TRANSCRIPT
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LESSON - 9
Unit I
PatternsIntroducedinthisUnit:
Subject+
Verb rootta: / te / ti: +
auxiliary
maĩ / ve / shila: ja: hũ / haĩ / hai
1.0 Text
एक सबहek subah
One Morning
मा रोज पाच िज उठती ह। वपताजी भी पाच िज उठत ह और उठकर टहलत ह। म छह िज उठता ह।mã:rozpã:chbajeuṭhti:haĩ.pita:ji:bhi:pã:nchbajeuṭhtehaĩauruṭhkarṭahaltehaĩ.maĩchhaibajeuṭhta:hũ:.Mothergetsupat5o’clock.Fatheralsogetsupat5o’clockandgoesforastroll.Iwakeupat6o'clock.
हम आठ िज नाशता करत ह। वपताजी दर स सोत ह और जलदी उठत ह।hama:ṭhbajena:shta:kartehaĩ.pita:ji:dersesotehaĩaurjaldi:uṭhtehaĩ.Wetakebreakfastat8o'clock.Fathersleepslateandgetsupearly.
सात िज तक सि उठत ह। म दध लाता ह। दध लाकर हम चाय पीत ह।sa:tbajetaksabuṭhtehaĩ.maĩdu:dhla:ta:hũ.du:dhla:karhamcha:ypi:tehaĩ.Byseven,weallareawake.Ibringthemilk.Afterbringingmilk,wetaketea.
चाय पीकर म अखिार पढता ह। अखिार पढकर नहाता ह।cha:ypi:karmaĩakhba:rpaṛhta:hũ:.akhba:rpaṛhkarnaha:ta:hũ:.AftertakingteaIreadnewspaper.AfterreadingnewspaperItakebath.
कपड पहनकर तयार होता ह और विदयालय जाता ह।kapṛepahankartaiya:rhota:hũ:aurvidya:layja:ta:hũ:Igetreadyafterwearingclothesandgotoschool.
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1.1 Vocabulary
मा mã: mother
रोज roz daily
उठना uṭhna: towakeup
उठकर uṭhkar aftergettingup
टहलना ṭahalna: tostroll
नाशता करना na:shta:karna: totakebreakfast
फकतन िज kitnebaje atwhattime
सोकर sokar aftersleeping
दर स derse late
तक tak till
लाना la:na: tobring
लौटकर lauṭkar afterreturning
पीकर pi:kar afterdrinking
अखिार akhba:r newspaper
नहाना (n) naha:na: totakebath
कपडा (m.) kapṛa: cloth
पहनना pahanna: towear
तयार होना taiya:rhona: tobeready
1.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. mã:kitnebajeuṭhti:haĩ?
2. kya:pita:ji:jaldi:uṭhtehaĩ?
3. sablogkabtakuṭhtehaĩ?
4. hamna:shta:kabkartehaĩ?
5. du:dhkaunla:ta:hai?
1.3 Grammar and Structure
• Thepresenthabitualformofaverbrepresentstheactionasafactisformedwiththehelp
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ofaddingta/te/ti:withtheverbrootfollowedbyanauxiliaryverb.Thepresentformsofauxiliaryverbsareasfollows:
Singular Plural
Ist person hũ: haĩ
2nd person hai, ho ho, haĩ
3rd person hai haĩ
Observetheformationofthesesentences:
maĩpaṛhta:(m.)hũ: Istudy(male)maĩpaṛhti:(f.)hũ: Istudy(female)
tumpaṛhte(m.)hoYoustudy
tumpaṛhti:(f.)ho
vahpaṛhta:(m.)hai Hestudiesvahpaṛhti:(f.)hai Shestudies
hampaṛhte(m.)haĩWestudy
hampaṛhti:(f.)haĩ
a:ppaṛhte(m.)haĩYoustudy
a:ppaṛhti:(f.)haĩ
vepaṛhte(m.)haĩTheystudy
vepaṛhti:(f.)haĩ
maĩkha:na:kha:ta:(m.)hũ:.Ieatfood
maĩkha:na:kha:ti:(f.)hũ:.
tummiṭha:i:kha:te(m.)hoYoueatsweets
tummiṭha:i:khati:(f.)ho
Youcanmakethehabitualpresenttenseinthispattern:
kha:+ ta:/te/ti: kha:ta:/kha:te/kha:ti:kar+ ta:/te/ti: karta:/karte/karti:so+ ta:/te/ti: sota:/sote/soti:uṭh+ ta:/te/ti: uṭhta:/uṭhte/uṭhti:ja: ta:/te/ti: ja:ta:/ja:te/ja:ti:
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1.4 Exercise
1. Dopraticetogivetheresponsesinthefollowingpattern:
maĩsubahphalkha:ta:hũ: tumsubahkya:kha:teho?maĩsubahakhba:rpaṛhta:hũ: tumsubahkya:karteho?mohansha:mkocha:ypi:ta:hai. mohansha:mkokya:karta:hai?mohansha:mkogharja:ta:hai mohangharkabja:ta:hai?bachchera:tkodasbajesotehaĩ bachchekabsotehaĩ?
2. Trytogiveanswersinyourown:
vahkahã:paṛhtahai? si:ta:kya:paṛhti:hai? rameshkya:pi:ta:hai? si:ta:kya:kha:ti:hai? mohankahã:ja:ta:hai?
Unit-II
PatternsintroducedinthisUnit:
Verbroot+karconstruction
2.0 Text
सीताsi:ta:Sita
सीता पाच िज घर लौटती ह। घर लौटकर िह हाथ-मह धोती ह।si:ta:pã:chbajegharlauṭti:hai.gharlauṭkarvoha:thmũhdhoti:hai.Sitareturnshomeat5o'clock.Afterreturningshewasheshandsandface.
हाथ मह धोकर एक कप चाय पीती ह। चाय पीकर कपड िदलती ह।ha:thmũhdhokarekkapcha:ypi:ti:hai.cha:ypi:karkapṛebadalti:hai.Afterwashinghandsandfaceshedrinksacupoftea.Afterhavingteashechangesherclothes.
चाय पीकर एक घटा आराम करती ह।cha:ypi:karekghantaa:ra:mkarti:hai.Afterhavingteashetakesrestforanhour.
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सात िज खाना िनाती ह। खाना िनाकर सोहन की मदद करती ह।sa:tbajekha:na:bana:ti:hai.kha:na:bana:karsohanki:madadkarti:hai.At7o'clockshepreparesfood.AfterpreparingfoodshehelpsSohan.
फिर सिक साथ खाना खाती ह। खाना खाकर दो घट पढती ह।phirsabkesa:thkha:na:kha:ti:hai.kha:nakha:kardoghantepaṛhti:hai.Afterthatshetakesdinnerwithothers.Afterdinnershestudiesfortwohours.
फकताि पढकर िह रडडयो सनती ह। दस िज सीता सो जाती ह।kita:bpaṛhkarvoradiosunti:hai.dasbajesi:ta:soja:tihai.Afterreadingthebookshelistenstotheradio.Sitasleepsby10o'clock.
2.1 Vocabulary
लौटना lauṭna: toreturn
हाथ-मह ha:th-mũh handsandface
धोना dhona: towash
िदलना badalna: tochange
आराम करना a:ra:mkarna: torelax
मदद करना madadkarna: tohelp
फिर fir afterthat
सिक साथ sabkesa:th withall
सनना sunna: tolisten
सोना sona: tosleep
2.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. si:ta:kabgharlauṭtihai?
2. gharlauṭkarsi:ta:kya:karti:hai?
3. si:ta:kha:na:kabbana:ti:hai?
4. kita:bpaṛhkarsi:ta:kya:karti:hai?
5. si:ta:kitnebajesoja:ti:hai?
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2.3 Grammar and Structure
• The‘kar’constructionisformedbycombiningtheverbroot+kar(todo).Theconstructionwithverbsuffixing+‘kar’shallalwaysbewrittenasoneword,e.g.uṭhkar,sokar,lauṭkar,pi:kar,paṛhkar.
• Theverbroot+‘kar’constructionisgenerallyadverbialinnature.Itisnotaffectedbythegender,numberorcaseofthesubjectoroftheobject.e.g.
kha:na:kha:kara:ie Comeaftereatingfood.
kita:bpaṛhkarja:o Goafterreadingthebook.
ga:na:sunkarlikho Listensongthenwrite.
2.4 Exercise
Changethesentencesaccordingtothegivenpattern.
vopaṛhta:hai.volikhta:hai. → vopaṛhkarlikhta:hai.vesuntehaĩ.vega:tehaĩ. →tu:sochta:hai.tubolta:hai. →tumpaṛhti:ho.tumlikhti:ho. →a:pkha:tehaĩ.a:ppitehaĩ. →maĩkhari:dta:hũ:.maĩbechta:hũ:. →hamlikhtehaĩ.hampaṛhtehaĩ. →
Unit-III
3.0InthisUnityouwilllearn:
A) TimeExpression
कया िजा ह ? आठ िज ह।kya:baja:hai? a:ṭhbajehaĩ.Whatisthetime? Itis8o'clock
B) FractionofNumbers
पौन/paun पौन फकलो/paunkilo 0.75फकलो
सिा/sava: सिा रपय/sava:rupaye 1.25रपए
डढ/deṛh डढ फकलोगाम/deṛhkilogram 1.5फकलो
ढाई/dha:i: ढाई रपए/dha:i:rupaye 2.50रपए
साढ/sa:ṛhe साढ तीन लीटर /sa:ṛeti:nli:tar 3.50लीटर
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C) FractionofTime
पौन / पौन एक/paun/pauneek 0:45
पौन दो /paunedo 1:45
सिा/sava: 1:15
डढ/deṛh 1:30
ढाई/dhah:i: 2:30
साढ तीन/sa:ṛheti:n 3:30
3.1 Grammar and Structure
• FractionofTime
Minutesafterthehoursisexpressedwith‘bajkar’andminutesbeforewith‘bajnemẽ’.Forexample
a:ṭhbajkardasminaṭ 8:10
a:ṭhbajnemẽdasminaṭ 7:50
Wecanalsousetheseexpressions:
kya:baja:hai?naubajkarcha:li:sminaṭ 9:40
kitnebajehaĩ?dasbajnemebi:sminaṭ 9:40
• Fractionofnumbers:
सिा (sava:)isaquarteraddedtothenumberitselfmeansoneplusaquarter,suchas:
sava: 1:15
sava:do 2:15
sava:ti:n 3:15
Otherthan1,‘sava:’isfollowedbythenumberofhour,forexample
sava:das 10.15 onequarterpastten
sava:pã:ch 5.15 onequarterpastfive
साढ(saṛhe)isfortwoquarters,i.e.halfofaunit.Butitshouldalsobenotedthatoneplushalfisडढ(dedh),andtwoplushalfisढाई(dhai:)
dedhbaja:hai Itis1:30
dha:i:baja:hai Itis2:30
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पौना(pauna:)threequartersofaunitmakeपौन(paune).Butisfollowedbythenextnumber,forexample
9:45ispaunedas
10:45ispaunegya:ra:
3.2Fractionofnumbers/measures
Infact,pauneekiscalled‘paun’.Apartfromtimeexpressions,thesewordscanbeusedwithmeasuresaswell,e.g.
pa:vkilo 250gm
pauna:kilo 750gm
a:dha:liṭar 500ml
chautha:iliṭar 250ml
deṛhmi:ṭar 1.5mtr
paunedomi:ṭar 1.75mtr
saṛhepãchhaza:rrupaye 5500rupees
3.3 Exercise
1. Readaloudafterfillingthewordिज(baje):
kya:baja:hai? ekbaja:hai ekbajehaĩ
do bajehaĩ.
ti:n …………….. sa:t ……………..
cha:r …………….. a:ṭh ……………..
pã:ch …………….. nau ……………..
chhah…………….. das ……………..
2. Filluptheblanks
rameshkabuṭhta:hai? ramesh…..bajkar…..minaṭparuṭhta:hai 5:50tumgharkabja:teho? maĩ……bajkar…minaṭparja:ta:hũ: 7:50shi:la:subahkabna:shta:karti:hai?
shi:la…bajnemẽ….minaṭparna:shta:kartihai. 6:50
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bachche sku:l kab ja:tehaĩ?
bachche…..bajkar…..minaṭparsku:lja:tehaĩ. 9:15
suresh ra:t ko kab sota:hai?
sureshra:tko….bajkar….minaṭparsota:hai. 10:30
4. Whatisthetimenow:
1.10 12.15 11.40 11.13
3.25 6.05 8.28 7.30
Unit – IV
Patternstobeintroduced:
Instrumentalcase–noun+स(se) कलम + स(withpen)
4.0 Text
बातचीतba:tchi:t
Conversation
महश तम सकल कस जात हो, सरश ?mahesh tumsku:lkaiseja:teho,suresh?Mahesh Howdoyougotoschool,Suresh?
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सरश म सकल साइफकल स जाता ह, कभी-कभी िस स जाता ह।suresh maĩsku:lsa:ikilseja:ta:hũ:.kabhi:-kabhi:basseja:ta:hũ:Suresh Igotoschoolbycycle,sometimesIgobybus.
महश कया सकल िहत दर ह ?kya:sku:lbahutdu:rhai?Istheschoolfaraway?
सरशहा, सकल िहत दर ह। साइफकल स जान म पचास ममनट लगत ह। िस स िीस ममनट लगत ह।hã:,sku:ldu:rhai,sa:ikilseja:nemẽpacha:sminaṭlagtehaĩ,bassebi:sminaṭlagtehaĩ.Yes,schoolisfaraway.Ittakes50minutesbycycle,20minutesbybus.
महश तम सकल कि जात हो ?tumsku:lkabja:teho?Whendoyougotoschool?
सरश म सिह सात िजकर दस ममनट पर जाता ह। आठ िज सकल पहचता ह।maĩsku:lsa:tbajkardasminaṭparja:ta:hũ:.a:ṭhbajesku:lpahũchta:hũ:.Igotoschoolat7.10.Ireachtheschoolat8o’clock.
सरश ददनश कहा ह ?dineshkahã:hai?WhereisDinesh?
महश ददनश आजकल मिई म ह। िह मिई राजधानी एकसपरस स जाता ह।dinesha:jkalmumbaimẽhai.vomumbai:ra:jdha:ni:akspresseja:ta:hai.NowadaysDineshstaysinMumbai.HegoesinMumbaiRajdhaniExpress.
सरश सकल म तम दहदी फकस फकताि स पढत हो ?sku:lmẽtumhindi:kiskita:bsepaṛhteho?FromwhichbookyoustudyHindiintheschool?
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4.1 Vocabulary
साइफकल (f.) sa:ikil cycle
सिह (f.) subah morning
पहचना Pahũchna: toreach
आजकल a:jkal nowadays
सीखना si:khna: tolearn
कभी-कभी kabhi:kabhi: sometimes
4.2 Grammar and Structure
‘स’aspostpositionexpressesinstrumentality,meansandcause
maĩpencilselikhta:hũ: Iwritewithpencil.
sushi:lka:rsea:ta:hai Sushilcomesbycar.
tumsku:lkaiseja:teho? Howdoyougotoschool?
maĩmeṭrosesku:lja:ta:hũ: Igotoschoolbymetro.
Nowreadthefollowingsentences:
tumkitnebajesekitnebajetakpaṛhteho? Whattimedoyoustudy?
maị subah sa:t baje se a:ṭh baje tak hindi:paṛhta:hũ:.
IstudyHindifrom7a.m.to8a.m.
tumsubaihkya:karteho? Whatdoyoudointhemorning?
maĩsubaha:ṭhbajesenaubajetakakhba:rpaṛhta:hũ:
Ireadnewspaperfrom8.00amto9a.m.
tumsubahkitnebajeṭahalteho? Whendoyougoforawalk?
maĩsubaihchhaibajesesa:tbajetakṭahalta:hũ:
Igoforawalkfromsixo'clocktoseveno'clockinthemorning.
‘se’………….‘tak’denote timeexpression isparallel toEnglishcontradiction– ‘from……………….to’,e.g.
maĩchhaibajesesa:tbajetakpaṛhta:hũ:
Istudyfromsixo'clocktoseveno'clock
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4.3 Exercise
Fillintheblanksasperthemodelgiven:
subah………sesha:mko……..takka:mkarta:hũ maĩsubahchhahbajesesha:mkoa:ṭhbajetakka:mkarta:hũ
1. vodopahar……….sera:tko……….tak(sona:)……………
2. tum……….ju:nse……….jula:itakshimlamẽ(rahna:)……………
3. si:ta:sha:m…….se…….tak(ṭahalna:)……………
4. ra:jesh……….se………..tak(paṛhana:)……………
4.4 Additional Vocabulary
Let’sCount:
40 चालीस cha:li:s
41 इकतालीस ikta:li:s
42 ियालीस baya:li:s
43 ततालीस taĩta:li:s
44 चिालीस chava:li:s
45 पतालीस paĩta:li:s
46 तछयालीस chiya:li:s
47 सतालीस saĩta:li:s
48 अडतालीस aṛta:li:s
49 उनचास uncha:s
50 पचास pacha:s
Recapitulation
Inthislessionwehavelearnt:
1. HabitualPresentTense
maĩja:ta:hũ.
tumja:teho.
vahja:ta:hai.
ham/a:p/veja:tehaĩ.
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2. Verbroot+कर (kar)construction
maĩkha:na:kha:karsota:hũ.
3. kya:baja:hai? dasbajehaĩ.
dasbajkarti:sminaṭhaĩ.
dha:i:bajehaĩ.
4. InstrumentalCase
maĩpensilselikhta:hũ:
vahbassesku:lja:ta:hai.
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LESSON - 10
Unit I
PatternsIntroduced:
Sub
+
Verbroot रहा / रही / रह
+
auxiliaryverbsह / हो / ह / ह
लडका
laṛka:
दौड
dauṛ
रहा
raha:
ह
haiTheboyisrunning.
1.0 Text
सास और बह की बातचीतsa:s aur bahu: ki: ba:tchi:t
Conversation between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law
सास िह, माधिी कया कर रही ह?sa:s bahu:,ma:dhvi:kya:karrahi:hai?Mother-in-law Daughter-in-law,whatisMadhavidoing?
िह िह अभी सो रही ह, मा।bahu: vahabhi:sorahi:hai,mã:Daughter-in-law Mother,sheisstillsleeping.
सास िह तो रोज सिह छह िज उठती ह।vahtorozsubahchhaibajeuṭhti:hai.Sheusedtogetupat6.00o'clockinthemorning.
िह जी हा, आज रवििार ह, इसमलए अभी सो रही ह।ji:hã:,a:jraviva:rhai,islieabhi:sorahi:hai.Ohyes,itisSundaytoday.Therefore,stillsleeping.
सास अचछा, धीरज कहा ह?achchha:,Dhi:rajkahã:hai?Well,whereisDheeraj?
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िह ि अभी टहल रह ह।veabhi:ṭahalrahehaĩ.Heiswalking
सास कया तम भी टहलती हो?kya:tumbhi:ṭahalti:ho?Doyoualsowalk?
िह नही, म घर पर ही थोडा पराणायाम और वयायाम करती ह।nahĩ:,maĩgharparhi:thoṛa:pra:ṇa:ya:maurvya:ya:mkarti:hũ:.No,Idosomepranayamaandexerciseathomeonly.
सास यह ठछीक ह। अचछा कया िजा ह?yahṭhi:khai.achchha:,kya:baja:hai?Thatisright.Well,whatisthetime?
िह सिा सात िज रह ह मा।sava:sa:tbajrahe:haĩmã.Itisaquarterpastseven,mother.
सास ओह! सिा सात िज रह ह, म चलती ह, पजा करती ह।oh!sava:sa:tbajrahehaĩ,maĩchalti:hũ:,pu:ja:karti:hũ.Oh!Itisquarterpastseven,Letmegoandworship.
िह ठछीक ह। आप चमलए। म थोडी दर म चाय ला रही ह।ṭhi:khai,a:pchalie,maĩthoṛi:dermẽcha:yla:rahi:hũ:Okay,youpleasego.Iwillbecomingwithteaaftersometime.
सास हा, चाय ही लाना, नाशता नही। आज मरा उपिास ह।hã:,cha:yhi:la:na:,na:shtanahĩ:.a:jmera:upva:shai.Yes,bringonlytea,nothingelse.Iamonfasttoday.
िह ठछीक ह।ṭhi:khai.Okay.(asyousay)
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1.1 Vocabulary
सास sa:s mother-in-law
िह bahu: daughter-in-law
िातचीत (f.) ba:tchi:t conversation
करना karna: todo
कया कर रही ह? kya:karrahi:hai? whatisshedoing?
सोना sona: tosleep
मा mã: mother
लफकन lekin but
आज a:j today
अभी abhi: still
अचछा achchha: well
धीरज dhi:raj1.tohavepatienceofperseverance2.Dheeraj(malenamehere)
टहलना ṭahalna: towalk,totakeastroll
घर पर gharpar athome
थोडा thoṛa: alittle
पराणायाम pra:ṇa:ya:m breathingexercise
यह ठछीक ह yahṭhi:khai itisokay
सिा sava: onequarterofaunit
सिा सात sava:sa:t quarterpastseven
पजा करना pu:ja:karna: toworship
थोडी दर म ṭhoṛi:dermẽ aftersometime
उपिास upva:s fast
1.2 Trytocomprehend
1. माधिी कया कर रही ह? ma:dhavi:kya:karrahi:hai?
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2. धीरज कया कर रहा ह? dhi:rajkya:karraha:hai?
3. कया िह भी टहलती ह? kyabahu:bhi:tahalti:hai?
4. कया िजा ह? kya:baja:hai?
5. सास नाशता कयो नही कर रही ह? sa:sna:shta:kyõnahi:karrahi:hai?
1.3 Cultural notes
pra:ṇa:ya:m Akindofyogicexercise,breathingexercise.upva:s Fast,observedonspecialoccasions.
achchha:
Itisusedindifferentcontexts.
i)adjective-achcha:laṛka:
ii)inthesenseof‘well’tobreakacontextorforthechangethetopicofreference,ofconversatione.g.–achchha:,dhirajkya:karraha:hai?
iii)toconcludeoraccept-achchha:maĩkaru:ngã-Okay.Iwilldoit.pu:ja: worshipofgodorgoddess
1.4 Grammar & Structure:
Readthefollowing:
maĩakhba:rpaṛhraha:hũ: Iamreadingnewspaper.shi:la:kapṛedhorahi:hai. Sheelaiswashingthecloths.laṛkegẽdkhelrahehaĩ Boysareplayingball.tumkya:karraheho? Whatareyoudoing?
• Inthesesentencesactivitiesaredenotedbytheverbforms(root+रहा ह)andareactuallyhappening(progressing)atthetimeofutterance.Theseareincontrastwiththehabitualformofverbi.e.verbroot+ता/त/ती+aux.whichwehavelearntinthepreviouslessons.
• Inthepresentcontinousstructureweaddरहा ह / रही ह / रहा ह / रह हो inthesingularandरह ह / रही हinthepluraltotheverbrootasshownbelow.
Singular Pluralmaĩ +raha:/rahi: hũ: hamtu: +raha:/rahi: hai a:p rahe/rahi: haĩtum +rahe/rahi: ho ve
*Note:‘tum’isgrammaticalpluralandittakesspecialpresentauxiliary‘हो’
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Readthefollowingsentencesandnotetheagreementofverbphrasewiththesubject.
maĩmumbai:ja:raha:hũ: (m.s.) IamgoingtoMumbai.maĩchennai:ja:rahi:hũ: (f.s.) IamgoingtoChennai.tumkya:kha:raheho? (m.p.) Whatareyoueating?tumkavita:likhrahi:ho: (f.p.) Youarewritingapoem.a:pkya:likhrahehaĩ? (m.p.) Whatareyouwriting?a:pkya:likhrahi:haĩ. (f.p.) Whatareyouwriting?vahkya:khari:draha:hai? (m.s.) Whatishebuying?vahphu:ldekhrahi:hai. (f.s.) Sheisseeingflowers.laṛka:maida:nmẽkhelraha:hai. (m.s.) Theboyisplayingintheground.tumkya:khari:drahi:ho? (m.s.) Whatareyoubuying?maĩkapṛekhari:drahi:hũ. (f.s.) Iambuyingclothes.hamhindi:paṛhrahehaĩ. (m.p.) WearestudyingHindi.humhindi:paṛhrahi:haĩ. (f.p.) WearestudyingHindi.laṛkiyã:ga:na:ga:rahihaĩ. (f.p.) Girlsaresingingasong.laṛkega:na:ga:rahehaĩ. (m.p.) Boysaresingingasong.
1.5 Exercises
1. Maketensentencesusingonewordfromeachboxgivenbelow.
maĩ a:m khari:d raha: hoham amru:d bech rahi: haĩa:p kapṛa: dekh rahe haĩ
2. HowwillyousayinHindi:
Iamdriving(चलाना)acar.
Heislearningalesson.
Theyareplayingfootball.
Gitaissinging(गाना)asong.(गीतm.)
Girlsareplayinginthefield.(मदानm.)
Motheriscooking(पकाना)rice.(चािलm.)
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Unit-II
PatternsIntroduced
Sub.
+
Obj.1
+
Obj.2
+
Verb
+
Aux.
वपता पतर को पतर मलखता हpita: putrako patra likhta: hai
Fatherwritesalettertotheson.
2.0 Text
Readthefollowingsentences.
मा गरीिो को किल दती ह।mã: gari:bõ ko kambal deti:hai.
Mother gives blankets to thepoor.
शीला मझ िल द रही ह। shi:la:mujhephalderahi:hai. Sheelaisgivingmefruits.
वपताजी हम पस दत ह। pita:ji:hamẽpaisedetehaĩ. Fathergivesusmoney.
डाफकया तमह पतर द रहा ह।da:kiya: tumhẽ patra de raha:hai.
Thepostmanisgivingletterstoyou.
फकसान गायो को घास द रहा ह।kisa:nga:yõko:gha:sderaha:hai.
Thefarmerisgivinggrasstothecows.
2.1 Vocabulary
गरीि (m.) gari:b poor
किल (m.) kambal blanket
पस (m.) paise money
फकसान (m.) kisa:n farmer
गाय (f.) ga:y cow
घास (f.) gha:s grass,fodder
2.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. mã:kambalkisedeti:hai?
2. shi:la:mujhekya:derahi:hai?
3. patrakaunderaha:hai?
4. kisa:ngha:skisederaha:hai?
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2.3 Grammar and Structure
2.3.1 DativeCase
• Asyouknow,verbsareoftwotypes.
i) transitiveverbsthosewhorequireanobject,and
ii) intransitiveverbsthosewhodonotrequireanobject
(Youwillknowmuchabouttheseverbformsinlessonno.10)
Someofthetransitiveverbsasdena:,bhejna:,bula:naetc.requiretwoobjects-(a)directobject(object-1)and(b)indirectobject(object-2).Forexample—
maĩrohitkokalamdeta:hũ: $ $
(ob-2)(ob-1) (IgiveapentoRohit)
Thestructureofsuchsentenceswillbe:
Subject ObjectII ObjectI Verbphrasekisa:n ga:yko gha:s deta:haiThefarmergivesgrasstothecow.
Insuchstructures,theobj-2willinvariablyrequiresdativecase.Tomakeadativeformofanounthepostpositionकोisaddedtothenounwhichisobj-2.
Forexample—
ma:bachchekokha:na:deti:hai. Mothergivesfoodtothechild.rohitmohitkopatralikhta:hai. RohitwritesalettertoMohit.sangi:ta:shi:la:koga:na:suna:rahi:hai. SangitaissingingasongforSheela.pita:ji:bha:i:korupaederahẽhaĩ. Fatherisgivingmoneytobrother.
• Pronouns+कोhavealternateformsandeitherofthemcanbeusedinsuchstructures.PersonName Pronoun postposition
I singular म maĩ को ko Ò मझको/मझ mujhko/mujhe
plural हम ham को ko Ò हमको/हम hamko/hamẽ
II singular त tu: को ko Ò तझको/तझ tujhko/tujhe
plural तम tum को ko Ò तमको/तमह tumko/tumhẽ
plural आप a:p को ko Ò आपको a:pko
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III singular यह yah को ko Ò इसको/इस isko/ise
singular िह vah को ko Ò उसको/उस usko/use
plural ि ve को ko Ò उनको/उनह unko/unhẽ
singular कौन kaun को ko Ò फकसको/फकस kisko/kise
plural कौन kaun को ko Ò फकनको/फकनह kinko/kinhẽ
• Youmaynotethatinthederivedformaboveतझ, मझ, हम, तमह, उस, उनहhaveaninherentको.
NowReadthefollowingsentences.
kira:eda:r maka:n ma:lik ko kira:ya:deta:hai
Thetenantgivesrenttothelandlord.
mã:beṭekokha:na:deti:hai Themothergivesfoodtoherson.hamsark:arkoṭaiksdetehaĩ Wepaytaxtothegovernment.sarka:rhamẽbijli:deti:hai Thegovernmentgivesuselectricity.da:kiya:usepatrderaha:hai Thepostmangiveshimletter.a:phamẽkya:derahehaĩ? Whatareyougivingus?
2.4 Exercise
1. Makequestiontogettheanswersofunderlinedwords:
ri:ta:mujhepatralikhrahi:hai Ritaiswritingalettertome.mãusekha:na:deti:hai Motherisgivinghimfood.su:ryahamẽpraka:shdeta:hai Sungivesuslight.pita:jiunhẽnimantraṇderahehaĩ Fatherisgivinginvitationtothem.adhya:pakhamẽpa:ṭhpaṛha:rahehaĩ Theteacheristeachingus.
2. Makesentencesaspossible:
da:ktar
ham
ve
su:rya
tum
rogi:
a:p
un
gari:b
ham
ko
dava:
kambal
phal
kapṛe
de
bã:ṭ
raha:
rahi:
rahe
hai
haĩ
ho
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Unit-III
PatternsIntroduced
(a) Sub timeexpression verbroot रहा aux
म कल जा रही हmaĩ kal ja rahi: hũ:Iamgoingtomorrow.
Sub+ही
(b)म ही िल खाता हmaĩ hi: phal kha:ta:hũ:Ionlyeatfruits.
Sub+Ob+ही
(c)म िल ही खाता हmaĩ phal hi: kha:ta:hũ:Ieatonlyfruits.
3.0 Text
हम ऊटी जा रह हhamu:ṭi:ja:rahehaĩWe are going to Ooty
अतनल म अधयापक ह। म िगलर म दहदी पढाता ह। कल स सकल म छट दटया हो रही ह।
anilmaĩadhya:pakhũ: .maĩbengalu:ru:mẽhindi:paṛha:ta:hũ:.kalsesku:lmẽchhuṭṭiyã:horahi:haĩ.
AnilIamateacher.IteachHindiinBengaluru.Thereareholidaysinschoolfromtomorrow.
अतनल हम कल ऊटी जा रह ह। ऊटी िहत सदर सथान ह। hamkalu:ṭi:ja:rahehaị.u:ṭi:bahutsundarsthanhai.WearegoingtoOotytomorrow.Ootyisabeautifulplace.
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अतनल िगलर स ऊटी आठ घट म पहचत हbengalu:ru:seu:ṭi:a:ṭhghanṭemẽpahũchtehaĩ.IttakeseighthourstoreachOotyfromBengaluru.
अतनल राजलकमी जी, कया आप हमार साथ आ रही ह?ra:jlakshmi:ji:,kya:a:phama:resa:tha:rahi:haĩ?Rajalakshmiji,areyoucomingwithus?
राजलकमी नही, सर म नही आ रही ह। म कगम जा रही ह।
ra:jlakshmi: nahĩ:sar,maĩnahĩ:a:rahi:hũ:.maĩkurgja:rahi:hũ:Rajlakshmi NoSir,Iamnotcoming.IamgoingtoCoorg.
अतनलठछीक ह, कगम भी िहत सदर सथान ह। आप कगम जाइए। कणणन जी, कया आप कल आ रह ह?ṭhi:khai.kurgbhi:bahutsundarstha:nhai.a:pkurgja:ie.kaṇṇanji:,kya:a:pkala:rahehaĩ?O.K.Koorg is also a beautiful place.You go toKoorg.Kannan ji, are youcomingtomorrow?
कणणन जी हा, म कल आपक साथ ही ऊटी आ रहा ह।kaṇṇan ji:hã:,maĩkala:pkesa:thhi:u:ṭi:a:raha:hũ:.Kannan YesSir,I’mcomingtoOotywithyoutomorrow.
अतनल तो ठछीक ह। सिह जलदी उदठए। ठछीक पाच िज चमलएगा।toṭhi:khai.subahjaldi:uṭhie.ṭhi:kpã:chbajechaliega:Then,it’sOK.Getupearlyinthemorning.Leaveat5’oclock.
अतनल होटल म िता दीसजए फक हम दोपहर साढ िारह िज तक पहच रह ह।hoṭelmẽbata:di:jiekihamdopaharsa:ṛheba:ra:hbajetakpahũchrahehaĩ.Informthehotelthatwewillbereachingby12.30afternoon.
कणणन ठछीक ह, सर।ṭhi:khai,sarOkaySir.
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राजलकमी धनयिाद सर, नमसकार।dhanyava:dsar,namaska:rThankyouSir.
अतनल नमसकार।namaska:rGoodbye.
3.1 Vocabulary
कल kal tomorrow/yesterday
छट दटया chhuṭṭiyã: vacations
सथान(m.) sṭha:n place
घटा(m.) ghanṭa: hour
हमार साथ hama:resa:th withus
सिा पाच sava:pã:ch quarterpastfive(5.15)
दोपहर dopahar noon
साढ िारह sa:ṛheba:ra: halfpasttwelve(12.30)
डढ deṛh oneandahalf
चलना chalna: toproceed/walk/go
पहचना pahũchna: toreach
Pleasenote
• कल (kal) isusedforcomingday(tomorrow)andpreviousday(yesterday)aswell.Theusagewilldeterminewhatismeantbyit.e.g.
maĩkalchennai:sea:ya: YesterdayIcamefromChennai.
maĩkalmumbaija:raha:hũ: TomorrowIamgoingtoMumbai.
3.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. adhya:pakka:na:mkya:hai?
2. vobengalu:ru:mẽkya:karta:hai?
3. anilchhuṭṭiyõmẽkahã:ja:raha:hai?
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4. kyara:jlakshmi:u:ṭi:ja:rahi:hai?
5. kurgkaisa:stha:nhai?
6. kaṇṇankalkahã:jaraha:hai?
7. bengalu:ru:seu:ṭi:kitni:dermẽpahũchtehaĩ?
8. vesubahkitnebajechalrahehaĩ?
9. veu:ṭi:kabpahũchrahehaĩ?
3.3 Grammar and Structure
3.3.1 ImmediateFuture
Readthefollowingsentences:
pita:ji:kaba:rahehaĩ? Whenisfathercoming?laṛkiyã:a:jja:rahi:haĩ. Girlsaregoingtoday.maĩkalvahã:pahũchraha:hũ. Iamreachingtheretoday.
veparsõlakhnau:a:rahehaĩ.They are coming to Lucknow day aftertomorrow.
hamchhuṭṭiõmẽnaini:ta:lja:rahehaĩ WearegoingtoNainitalduringvacations.
• Youmusthavenoticedthatरह+auxconstructionabovedoesnotdenotethatactivitiesarebeingdoneatthetimeofutterance,asinthepreviousunit.Infact,presentcontinuoushasanotherfunctioninlanguage.Itisalsousedasimmediatefuture.
Forexample:
म कल ददलली जा रहा ह। maĩkaldilli:ja:raha:hũ:. IamgoingtoDelhitomorrow.
• Here,‘जा रहा ह’doesnotmeanpresentcontinuoustense,becausetheactionsisyettotakeplace.Suchpatternscanbeseenas:
Sub+
TimeExpression+
Verbroot+
रहा/रही/रह aux.(ह/ह/ह/हो)
mã: sha:mko a: rahi: haĩ
Motheriscomingintheevening.
bha:i: aglesapta:h a: raha: hai
Thebrotheriscomingnextweek.
• Youmighthavenoticedthatthestructureofthesesentencesisnotdifferentfromwhatwe
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have learnt inpreviousunitunderpresentcontinuous,except that these requiresa timedenotingwordbeforetheverbphrase.Somesuchwordsmaybeasfollowing:
कल kal tomorrow
परसो parsõ dayaftertomorrow
अगल माह aglema:h nextmonth
अगल सपताह aglesapta:h nextweek
शाम को sha:mko intheevening
3.3.2 ही(EmphasisMarker)
Readthefollowingcarefullyandobservethedifference:
(A) (B)bha:rtiyahi:hindi:boltehaĩ. bha:rtiyahindi:hi:boltehaĩ.pariva:rmẽmã:hi:cha:valkha:ti:hai pariva:rmẽmã:cha:valhi:kha:ti:hai
YoumusthavenoticedthatsentencesofAgroupandBgrouphavedifferentmeanings.e.g.
bha:rtiyahi:hindi:boltehaĩ. OnlyIndian(exclusivelyIndians)speakHindi(nooneelse).
bha:rtiyahindi:hi:boltehaĩ. IndiansherespeakHindionly(theydonotspeakalanguageotherthanHindi).
3.4 Exercise
3.4.1. Make10sentencesfromthefollowingtable
ham pi: raha:hũ:pakshi: cha:y rahehoa:p paṭna: uṛ raha:haitum pa:ni: rahehaĩpita:ji: sku:l ja: rahi:haimaĩja:nki:
3.4.2. Makequestiontogetthefollowinganswers:
1. maĩkalsubahpahũchraha:hũ.
2. pita:ji:shaniva:rkoa:rahehaĩ.
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3. di:di:kalnahĩ:a:rahi:haĩ.
4. farmaglesapta:hsemilrahehaĩ.
5. shamkorohita:raha:hai.
3.4.3. Putहीattheappropriateplaceinthefollowingsentencesandtellthedifferenceitmakes.
1. maĩkrikeṭkhelta:hũ:.
2. jaganna:thanhindi:paṛha:tehaĩ.
3. ramanidli:kha:ta:hai.
3.5 Additional vocabulary
पतर (m.) patra letter
सयम (m.) su:rya sun
परकाश (m.) praka:sh light
तनमतरण (m.) nimantraṇ invitation
पाठ (m.) pa:ṭh lesson
पढाना (v.) padha:na: toteach
ढढना (v.) dhu:dhna: tosearch
िलाना (v.) bula:na: toinvite
फकराएदार (m.) kira:eda:r tenant
मकान मामलक (m.) maka:nma:lik landlord
सरकार (f.) sarka:r government
बिजली (f.) bijli: electricity
डाफकया (m.) da:kiya: postman
रोगी (m.) rogi: Patient
कपडा (m.) kapṛa cloth
िाटना bã:ṭna todistribute
िोलना (v.) bolna tospeak
चािल (m.) cha:val rice
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लोग (m. pl.) log People
पकषी (m.) pakshi: bird
उडना (v.) uṛna: tofly
3.5.1 Let’sCount
51 इकयािन ikya:van
52 िािन ba:van
53 ततरपन tirpan
54 चौिन chauvan
55 पचपन pachpan
56 छपपन chhappan
57 सततािन satta:van
58 अट ठािन aṭṭha:van
59 उनसठ unsaṭh
60 साठ sa:ṭh
3.6.Kinshipwords
पतत pati husband
पतनी patni: wife
सास sa:s mother-in-law
ससर sasur father-in-law
ननद nanad sister-in-law(husband’ssister)
भाभी bha:bhi: sister-in-law(brother’swife)
दिर dewar brother-in-law(husband’sbrother)
साला sa:la: brother-in-law(wife’sbrother)
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Recapitulation
1. Presentcontinuoussentences
sub.
+
verbroot
+
रहा / रही / रह
+
ह / ह / हो / ह
मा
mã
गा
ga:
रही
rahi:
ह
hai
2. Immediatefuture
sub.
+
time
+
verbroot
+
रहा / रही / रह
+
ह / ह / हो / ह
सीता
si:ta:
कल
kal
आ
a:
रही
rahi:
ह
hai
3. Doubleobjectsentences
sub.
+
obj.II
+
obj.I
+
verbroot
+
रहा / रही / रह
+
ह / ह / हो / ह
वपताजी
pita:ji
हम
hamẽ
पस
paise
द
de
रह
rahe
ह
haĩ
4. Useofहीasemphasismaker
म ही पढता ह म पढता ही हmaĩ hi: paṛhta: hũ: maĩ paṛhta: hi: hũ:
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LESSON - 11
Unit-I
PatternsIntroduced
Subject Auxiliary(past)
म / त / िह था / थीmai/tu:/vah tha:/thi:
हम / तम / आप / ि थ / थीham/tum/a:p/ve the/thĩ:
1.0 Text
Readthefollowing
दाजजीभिगda:rji:lingDarjeeling
रोदहत राजश, वपछल सपताह तम कहा थ ?rohit ra:jesh,pichhlesapta:htumkahã:the?Rohit Rajesh,wherewereyoulastweek?
राजश म दाजसीमलग म था।ra:jesh maĩda:rji:lingmẽtha:Rajesh IwasinDarjeeling
रोदहत अचछा, कया-कया था िहा ?achchha:,kya:-kya:tha:vahã:?Well,whatwasthere?
राजशिहा िहत कछ था। ऊच पहाड थ। िडी नददया थी। सदर झरन थ। नीला आकाश था। हर-भर िन थ। रग-बिरगी गचडडया थी।vahã:bahutkuchtha:.ũ:chepaha:ṛthe,baṛi:nadiyã:thĩ:,sundarjharnethe,ni:la:a:ka:shtha:,hare-bharevanthe,rangbirangi:chiṛiyã:thĩ:.Therewasalotthere.Therewerehighmountains,largerivers,beautifulwaterfalls,thebluesky,greenanddenseforest(and)colourfulbirds.
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रोदहत तमहार साथ कौन-कौन थ ?tumha:resa:thkaun-kaunthe?Whoallweretherewithyou?
राजश मा थी। वपताजी थ। मरी मौसी थी। मामाजी थ। किल तम नही थ।mã:thĩ:,pita:ji:the,meri:mausithĩ:,ma:ma:ji:the.kevaltumnahĩ:the.Mymother,father,mother’ssisterandmymaternalunclewerewithme.Onlyyouwerenotthere.
रोदहत अगली िार म भी तमहार साथ रहगा। वपछल साल भी तो म तमहार साथ था।agli:ba:rmaĩbhi:tumha:resa:thrahũ:ga:.pichhlesa:lbhi:tomaĩtumha:resa:ththa:NexttimeIwillalsobewithyou.LastyearalsoIwaswithyou.
1.1 Vocabulary
वपछल सपताह pichhlesapta:h lastweek
िहत कछ bahutkuchh alot,manythings
ऊचा ũ:cha: high
पहाड (m.) paha:ṛ mountain
नदी (f.) nadi: river
झरना (m.) jharna: waterfall
िन (m.) van forest
नीला ni:la: blue
आकाश (m.) a:ka:sh sky
हर-भर hare-bhare lushgreen
रग-बिरगी rang-birangi: colourful
गचडडया (f.) chiṛiya: bird
मौसी (f.) mausi: aunt,mother’ssister
मामा (m.) ma:ma: uncle,mother’sbrother
तमहार साथ tumha:resa:th withyou
कौन-कौन kaun-kaun whoall
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1.2 Trytocomprehend:
वपछल सपताह राजश कहा था ? pichhlesapta:hra:jeshkaha:tha:?
दासजममलग म कया कया था ? darji:lingmekya:-kya:tha:?
राजश क साथ कौन-कौन थ ? ra:jeshkesa:thkaun-kaunthe?
कया रोदहत राजश क साथ था ? kya:rohitra:jeshkesa:ththa:?
1.3 Grammar and Structure
• Notethatauxiliaryverb ‘था’ispartformof‘होना’(tobe).Itisusedindependentlyasamainverb.
Masculine Feminine
Sub+Verb Sub+Verb
Singularम था maĩtha: म थी maĩthi:
त था tu:tha: त थी tu:thi:
िह था vahtha: िह थी vahthi:
Plural
हम थ hamthe हम थी hamthĩ:
तम थ tumthe तम थी tumthĩ:
आप थ a:pthe आप थी a:pthĩ:
ि थ vethe ि थी vethĩ:
• Intheaboveexamplesyoumusthaveseenthat‘था’ agreeswiththesubjectinnumberandgender,whereas‘ह’agreesinnumberandperson.
म ह maĩhũ: म था / थी maĩtha:/thi:
त ह tu:hai त था / थी tu:tha:/thi:
लडका ह laṛka:hai लडका था laṛka:tha:
लडकी ह laṛki:hai लडकी थी laṛki:thi:
हम ह hamhaĩ हम थ / थी hamthe/thĩ:
तम हो tumho तम थ / थी tumthe/thĩ:
आप ह a:phaĩ आप थ / थी a:pthe/thĩ:
लडक ह laṛkehaĩ लडक थ laṛkethe
लडफकया ह laṛkiyã:haĩ लडफकया थी laṛkiyã:thĩ:
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1.4 Exercise
Filltheappropriateformsofverb‘था’inthefollowingsentences.
समन, तम कल कहा ............................?
म यही ............................ ।
तम लोग कहा ............................ ?
हम सि िाजार म ............................।
दरिाज पर कौन ............................ ?
Unit-II
PatternsIntroduced
(a)Sub+को +object +cha:hie
राम को िल चादहएra:mko phal cha:hieRamneedsfruit
(b)Sub+को +object +Infinitiveformofverb +cha:hie
शीला को गीत गाना चादहएshi:la:+ko gi:t ga:na: cha:hieSheelashouldsingasong
2.0 Text
होटि मhoṭelmẽ
In the HotelReadthefollowing:
मनजर नमसकार, कदहए, म आपकी कया सिा कर सकता ह ?mainejar namaska:r,kahie,maia:pki:kya:seva:karsakta:hũ:?Manager Namaskar,tellmepleasehowcanIhelpyou?
पयमटक मझ एक कमरा चादहए।paryaṭak mujheekkamra:cha:hie.Tourist Iwantaroom.
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मनजर ठछीक ह, कसा कमरा चादहए ?ṭhi:khai,kaisa:kamra:cha:hie?Alright,whattypeofroomdoyouwant?
पयमटक अचछा कमरा चादहए।achchha:kamra:cha:hieIwantagoodroom.
मनजर एक िड का कमरा चादहए या दो िड का ?ekbedka:kamra:cha:hieya:dobedka:?Doyouneedroomwithonebedortwobeds?
पयमटक हम दो लोग ह। डिल िड का दीसजए।hamdologhaĩ.dabalbedka:di:jiye.Wearetwopeople.Sogiveusdoublebedroom.
मनजर ठछीक ह।ṭhi:khaiO.K.
पयमटक फकराया कया ह ?kira:ya:kya:hai?Whatwillbetherent(charges)?
मनजर दखखए, दो तरह क कमर ह, एक का फकराया एक हजार ह और दसर का डढ हजार। dekhie,dotarahkekamrehaĩ.ekka:kira:ya:ekhaza:rhaiaurdu:srekadeṛhhaza:r.Look,we have rooms of two types.The charges for one is one thousandrupeesandfortheotherisonethousandfivehundredrupees.
पयमटक ऐसा कयो ?aisa:kyõ?Whyso?
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मनजर एक म ए.सी. ह, एक म नही।ekmeĩesi:hai,ekmeĩnahĩ:.OneiswithA/candtheotherisnot.
पयमटक ठछीक ह, हम नॉन ए.सी. कमरा चादहए।ṭhi:khai,hamẽnaunesi:kamra:cha:hieokay,giveusanona/croom.
मनजर य लीसजए आपकी चािी।yeli:jiea:pki:cha:bi:.Pleasetakethekey.
2.1 Vocabulary
पयमटक (m.) paryatak tourist
कदहए kahie pleasetellus
सिा (f.) seva: service
तरह tarah type
दसरा du:sra otherone
ऐसा aisa: so
फकराया kira:ya: rent
डढ हजार deṛhhaza:r onethousandfivehundred
दखखए dekhi:e look
चािी (f.) cha:bi: key
2.2 Trytocomprehend:
पयमटक को कया चादहए? paryaṭakkokya:cha:hie? Whatdoesthetouristwant?
पयमटक को कसा कमरा चादहए?
paryaṭak ko kaisa: kamra:cha:hie?
What type of room does thetouristwant?
कमरो म कया अतर ह? kamrõ:mẽkya:antarhai?What is the difference betweenrooms?
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नॉन ए.सी. कमर का फकराया फकतना ह?
naunesi:kamreka:kira:ya:kitnahai?
What is the rent for non-ACroom?
ए.सी. कमर का फकराया फकतना ह?
esi:kamreka:kira:ya:kitna:hai? WhatistherentforACroom?
2.3 Grammar and Structure
Readthefollowing
Subject Object Verb
A) आपको a:pko कया kya:
चादहए cha:hie
मझ mujhe िल phal
उस use रोटी roṭi:
तमह tumhẽ सहायता saha:yata:
तझ tujhe पसा paisa:
उनह unhẽ अचछछी िसल achhchi:fasal
हम hamẽ चाय cha:y
B) लडक को laṛkeko
काम ka:m चादहए cha:hie
लडकी को laṛki:ko
लडको को laṛkõ:ko
लडफकयो को laṛkiyõko
फकसानो को kisa:nõko
औरत को auratko
औरतो को auratõko
• Asyouhaveseenabove, ‘चादहए’ (need) isacommonlyusedverbal formwhichmeansneeded/required.Insuchconstructions,thesubject(nounorpronoun)takesobliqueformwithको. Itmustalsobenoted that चादहए isneveraffectedbynumberorgenderofasubjectorobject,e.g.
1. सीता को पोगल चादहए। Seetawantspongal.si:ta:kopongalcha:hie
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2. रमश को पडी चादहए। Rameshwantsapuri.rameshkopuṛi:cha:hie
3. लडफकयो को पसतक चादहए। Girlswantbooks.laṛkiyõkopustakẽcha:hie
4. हम चीनी चादहए। Weneedsugar.hamẽchi:ni:cha:hie
5. आपको सहायता चादहए। Youneedhelp.a:pkosaha:yata:cha:hie
• Insuchstructurestheobject(noun)canbesubstitutedorsupplementedbytheinfinitive(verb+ ना)also.
Subject+verb(ना)Infinitive+ चादहए
हम पछना चादहए ।Weshouldask.
hamẽpu:chhna:cha:hie
तमह उठना चादहए। Youshouldgetup.tumhẽuṭhna:cha:hie
राधा को (गीत) गाना चादहए।Radhashouldsing(asong)
ra:dha:ko(gi:t)ga:na:cha:hie
शमममला को (पाठ) पढना चादहए। Sharmilashouldread(alesson).sharmila:ko(pa:th)paṛhna:cha:hie
आपको (सिह) उठना चादहए। Youshouldgetup(inthemorning).a:pkosubahuṭhna:cha:hie
उस (रोज) दौडना चादहए।Heshouldrun(daily).
use(roz)dauṛna:cha:hie
रोगी को आराम चादहए।Thepatientshouldtakerest.
rogi:koa:ra:mcha:hie
• Inचादहए, structuresobjectcanalsobefollowedbyaninfinitive(VR+ ना)before चादहए,suchas:
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Sub+को Object Inf. चादहए
राधा को काम करना चादहएRadhashoulddowork.
ra:dha:ko ka:m karna: cha:hie
उसको / उस टतनस खलना चादहएSheshouldplaytennis.
usko/use ṭennis khelna: cha:hie
फकसान को खती करना चादहएThefarmershoulddofarming.
kisa:nko kheti: karna: cha:hie
अधयापक को पाठ पढाना चादहएTeachershouldteachthelesson.
adhya:pakko pa:ṭh parha:na: cha:hie
उनह गाना सनना चादहएTheyshouldlistenmusic.
unhẽ ga:na: sunna: cha:hie
मीता को कविता सननी चादहएMitashouldlistentothepoem.
mi:ta:ko kavita: sunni cha:hie
• Atimedenotingwordmayalsoprecedestheinfinitive+ चादहए
उस सिह उठना चादहए Heshouldgetupinthemorning.use subah uṭhna: cha:hie
तमह रोज दौडना चादहए Youshouldrundaily.tumhẽ roj dauṛna: cha:hie
आपको कल आना चादहए Youshouldcometomorrow.a:pko kal a:na: cha:hie
मझ अभी चलना चादहए Ishouldgonow.mujhe abhi: chalna: cha:hie
टन को दस िज पहचना चादहए Trainshouldreachat10.00o'clockṭrenko dasbaje pahũchna: cha:hie
िस को रात को लौटना चादहए Thebusshouldcomebackinthenight.basko ra:tko lauṭna: cha:hie
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• पसद ह (पसद होना)isaverbalphrasethatmeanstolike.Inthistypeofstructure,thesubjecttakes postposition ‘को’ withwhichwe canuse the objectwith orwithout infinitive asshownbelow.
Sub+को Object Inf पसद ह / ह
मझको / मझmujhko/mujhe
ममठाईmiṭhai:
खानाkha:na:
पसदpasand
हhai
तमको / तमहtumko/tumhẽ
गीतgi:t
गानाga:na:
पसदpasand
ह hai
उसuse
िातba:tẽ
िनानाbana:na:
पसदpasand
हhai
मा कोmã:ko
अगरangu:r
खानाkha:na:
पसद pasand
हhai
महदर कोmahendrako
फकरकटkrikeṭ
खलनाkhelna:
पसदpasand
हhai
सीमा कोsi:ma:ko
शोरshor
करनाkarna:
पसद pasand
हhai
इरिान कोirfa:nko
गगटारgiṭa:r
िजानाbaja:na:
पसदpasand
हhai
मससलिया कोsilviya:ko
िातba:tẽ
करनाkarna:
पसदpasand
हhai
नताजी कोneta:ji:ko
भाषणbhashaṇ
दनाdena:
पसदpasand
हhai
जॉन कोjaunko
चपchup
रहनाrahna:
पसदpasand
हhai
• Youmighthavenoticedthatthesestructurearenotverydifferentfrom‘चादहए’ structure.Onlydifferenceiswesubstitute चादहए byपसद ह।
Itshouldalsobekeptinmindthatthisverbformisnotaffectedbygenderornumberofthesubjectorobject.
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2.4 Exercies
1. Fillintheblanksbyusingthemostappropriateformsofthewordsgiveninbrackets:
i) (maĩ+ko)………………….doa:mcha:hie.
ii) (vo+ko)…………………..ekalma:ri:cha:hie.
iii) (tum+ko)………………….kya:cha:hie?
iv) (ham+ko)…………………subaihuṭhnacha:hie.
v) (ve+ko)…………………..ka:mkarna:cha:hie.
vi) (tu:+ko)…………………..achchha:vetancha:hie.
2. Addpropertimedenotingwordsbeforeinfinitivesinthefollowingsentences.
i) विदयाथसी को…………………पढना चादहए।
ii) आपको…………………टहलना चादहए।
iii) वपताजी को………………..ठहरना चादहए।
iv) तमह……………………आना चादहए।
3. Make10sentenceseachfromthefollowingpatterns.
Sub+को Object infinitive चादहए
Sub+को Object infinitive पसद ह
Unit-III
PatternsIntroduced
(a) VocativeCase Singular Plural
Mas. लडक laṛke लडको laṛko
Feminine लडकी laṛki: लडफकयोlaṛkiyo
(b) Comparison Comparative Superlative
िडा
baṛa:
भारत स िडा दश
bharatsebaṛa:desh
सिस िडा दश
sabsebaṛa:desh
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3.0 Text
Readthefollowing:
शलश! तम कया कर रह हो ?
shailesh!tumkya:karraheho?
Shailesh!whatareyoudoing?
कछ नही वपता जी।
kuchhnahĩ:pita:ji:
Nothingdad.
रशमा, इधर आओ।
reshma:!idhara:o
Reshma!Comehere.
आ रही ह।
a:rahi:hũ:
HereIcome.
िचचो! कया कर रह हो ?
bachcho!kya:karraheho?
Children!Whatareyoudoing?
िट! पसतक पढो।
beṭe!pustakpaṛho
Son,readabook.
महाशय! आप कया चाहत ह ?
maha:shay!a:pkya:cha:htehaĩ?
Sir!whatdoyouwant?
सागथयो! मर पास आओ।
sa:thiõ!merepa:sa:o
Friends!cometome.
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भाइयो और िहनो! भारत हमारा दश ह। हम अपन दश पर गिम ह।bha:iyoaurbaihno!bha:rathama:ra:deshhai.hamẽapnedeshpargarvhai.Brothersandsisters!Indiaisourcountry.Weareproudofourcountry.
3.1 Grammar and Structure
3.1.1 VocativeCase
• In the above sentences underlined words are in vocative case, i.e. when somebody isbeingaddresseddirectly.Vocativecaseisaseparateunitandcanbeplacedanywhereinasentence.Itshouldbeseparatedbyacommaoravocativesign(!).
Notethevocativecaseformsofcertainwords.
VocativeCase
Gender Word Singular Plural
Masculine
िालक ba:lak िालक ba:lak िालको ba:lako
लडका laṛka: लडक laṛke लडको laṛko
कवि kavi कवि kavi कवियो kaviyo
साथी sa:ṭhi: साथी sa:ṭhi: सागथयो sa:thiyo
साध sa:dhu साध sa:dhu साधओ sa:dhuo
नता neta: नता neta: नताओ neta:o
Feminine
माता ma:ta: माता ma:ta: माताओ ma:ta:o
िटी beṭi: िटी beṭi: िदटयो beṭiyo
िह bahu: िह bahu: िहओ bahuo
• Inmasculinesingularonlyआ endingwordsarechangedinए ending,suchasिट, लडक,otherdonotchange.InMasculineandFemininepluraltheysuffixओlike, िहनो, लडको, छातरो etc.TheFemininenounsendingin इ, ईdotakeओbutasoundofयcomesinbetweenanditbecomesयो. Pleasenotethatinthisvocativeformationthelongईoffemininenounsbecomeshortइ.
दिी - दवियो
सखी - सखखयो
िटी - िदटयो
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• In उendingwordslong ऊ becomesshortउbeforesuffixingओ.
mडाक da:ku: डाकओ da:kuo
साध sa:dhu: साधओ sa:dhuo
f िह bahu: िहओ bahuo
• Propernounsdonotchangeinvocative
रमश, इधर आओ। ramesh,idhara:o Ramesh,Comehere
शीला, मरी िात सनो। shi:la:,meri:ba:tsuno Sheela,ListenwhatIsay.
भाई सरज, इस जगाओ। bha:i:su:raj,isejaga: DearSuraj,Pleaseawakethisfellow.
• Thevocativeformisindicatedwiththeobliqueforminsingular(लडक)andinplural(लडको)it loses nasalisation.The plural form ofिचचो, लडफकयो etc. should never be used asaddress.
Obliqueform(pl) vocativeform(pl)
लडको न / को लडको
लडफकयो न / का लडफकयो
िहओ न िहओ
3.1.2 DegreesofComparison
Readthefollowing-
A) मरी मा सदर ह। meri:mã:sundarhai. Mymotherisbeautiful.
B) मा दादी स सदर ह। mã:da:di:sesundarhai.Mother is more beautiful thangrandmother.
C)मा दादी स सदर ह, परत मरी िहन शया सिस सदर ह।
mã: da:di: se sundar hai,lekin meri: bahan shreya:sabsesundarhai.
Mother is more beautiful thangrand mother but my sisterShreyaismostbeautiful.
A) दीपक अचछा खलता ह। di:pakachchha:khelta:hai. Deepakplayswell.
B) दीपक शातन स अचछा खलता ह।
di:pakshantanuseachchha:khelta:hai.
Deepak plays better thanShantanu.
C) दीपक सिस अचछा खलता ह।
di:pak sabse achchha:khelta:hai.
Deepakplaysbestofall.
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• Notethat,inallthethreegroupsabove,sentencemarkedasAaresimplesentenceswhenanadjectiveisusedtoqualifyanoun.InBandC wehavecomparison.InBthiscomparisonistoshowoneisbetterthantheotherandthisiscalledcomparativedegree.InBitistoshowbestofall.Thisiscalledsuperlativedegree.
• Postposition‘स’isusedforcomparisonbetweentwonounsandwhenwecomparewithसि(all)thenitbecomessuperlative,like‘सिस अचछा’
Similarly‘म’isalsousedasdegreemarker,e.g.
शयामा और रमा मरी िहन ह।
shya:ma:aurrama:meri:behanẽhaĩ.
ShaymaandRamaaremysisters
दोनो म शयामा िडी ह। donõmẽshya:ma:baṛi:hai. Shyamaisbiggerofthetwo
उनम सदर कौन ह? unmẽsundarkaunhai? Whoismorebeautifulamongthem?
शयामा उनम सदर ह। shya:ma:unmẽsundarhai. Shyamaismorebeautiful.
असल म, शयामा हम सिम सदर ह।
asal mẽ, shya:ma: ham sabmẽsundarhai
In fact, shyama is most beautifulamongus.
3.2 Exercise
1. Makethreesentencesfromeachofthefollowing.
चादहए, पसद ह, स अचछा, सिस अचछा
cha:hie,pasandhai,seachchha:,sabseachchha:
2. TranslatethefollowinginHindi
1) Whowasthereintheroom?
2) Davidwasthere.
3) Childrenwereintheclass.
4) Ineedsomemoney.
5) Howmuchmoneyyouneed?
6) Youshouldgetupinthemorning
7) Sheshouldnotgo.
8) John,whatdoyouwant?
9) Mother,Ineedsomeclothes.
10) Goldiscostlierthansilver.
11) Diamondismostcostly.
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3. Writedownthevocativecase(address)formsofthefollowinginsingularaswellasplural:
िटी िटी िदटयो
भाई ......................... .........................
अधयापक ......................... .........................
िचचा . ......................... .........................
िटा ......................... .........................
Additional Vocabulary
िाजार ba:za:r market
दरिाजा (m.) darva:za: door
कछ लोग kuchlog somepeople
तततली (f.) titli: butterfly
पररदा (m.) parinda: bird
िगीचा (m.) bagi:cha: garden
अतर (m.) antar difference
खती (f.) kheti: farming
सरकार (f.) sarka:r government
सरकारी sarka:ri: governmental
मदद (f.) madad help
फकसान (m.) kisa:n farmer
औरत (f.) aurat woman
पराठा (m.) para:ṭha: paratha
पडी (f.) pu:ṛi: puri
चीनी (f.) chi:ni: sugar
पछना pu:chhna: toask
उठना uṭhna: togetup
गीत (m.) gi:t song
पाठ pa:ṭh lesson
सिह (f.) subah morning
रोज roj daily
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दौडना dauṛna: torun
रोगी (m.) rogi: patient
अभी abhi: rightnow
नहाना naha:na: tobath
आराम (m.) a:ra:m rest
िचचा (m.) bachcha: child
दश (m.) desh country,nation
साथी (m.) sa:ṭhi: companion
इधर idhar thisway
सरज su:raj sun
कीमती ki:mti: costly
हीरा (m.) hi:ra: diamond
सोना (m.) sona: gold
Let’sCount
61 इकसठ iksaṭh
62 िासठ ba:saṭh
63 ततरसठ tirsaṭh
64 चौसठ chaũsaṭh
65 पसठ paĩsaṭh
66 तछयासठ chhiya:saṭh
67 सडसठ saṛsaṭh
68 अडसठ aṛsaṭh
69 उनहततर unhattar
70 सततर sattar
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RecapitulationInthislessonwehavelearnt:
1. Thepasttenseformofauxiliary/
म / त / िह था / थी
हम / तम / आप / ि थ / थी
2. चादहए, पसद हstructure
राम को चादहए।
जया को नाचना चादहए।
मझ िल चादहए।
मझ आम पसद ह।
3. Vocative/addressform
लडका लडक लडको
लडकी लडकी लडफकयो
4. Comparision
- स सदर
सिस सदर
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Lesson - 12
Unit-I
Thefollowingstructuresareintroducedinthisunit:
Sub
+
Object/Complement
+
Verbroot+ता / त / ती
+
था / थ / थी / थी
म फकरकट खलता था
maĩ krikeṭ khelta: tha:
Iusedtoplaycricket.
1.0 Text
मरा बचपनmera: bachpanMy Childhood
उन ददनो म लखनऊ म रहता था।undinõmaĩlakhnau:mẽrahta:tha:.InthosedaysIusedtoliveinLucknow
ति म दस साल का था। मरा घर एक पाकम क पास था।tabmaĩdassa:lka:tha:.mera:gharekpa:rkkepa:stha:.Iwastenyearsoldatthattime.Myhousewasnearapark.
मरा सकल मर घर स एक फकलोमीटर दर था।mera:sku:lmeregharseekkilomi:ṭardu:rtha:.Myschoolwasonekm.awayfrommyhouse.
म रोज सिह छह िज उठता था और सात िज साइफकल स सकल जाता था।maĩrozsubahchhahbajeuṭhta:tha:aursa:tbajesa:ikilsesku:lja:ta:tha:Iusedtogetupat6'oclockeverydayandgotoschoolbycycleat7o'clock
सकल म पढाई क िाद हम खलत थ।sku:lmẽpaṛha:i:keba:dhamkheltethe.Weusedtoplayafterthestudies.
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खल िाला घटा सि िचचो को िहत पसद था।khelwa:la:ghanṭa:sabbachchõkobahutpasandtha:.Allthechildrenlikedthesportsperiodverymuch.
म खल क घट म िडममटन खलता था।maĩkhelkeghanṭemẽbaidminṭankhelta:tha:.IusedtoplayBadmintonduringthesportshour.
मर पास िडममटन का िदढया िलला था।merepa:sbadminṭonka:baṛhiya:balla:tha:IhadaverygoodBadmintonracket.
हमारा सकल िारहिी ककषा तक था।hama:ra:sku:lba:rahvĩ:kaksha:taktha:Ourschoolwasuptotwelfthstandard.
इस सकल म लगभग एक हजार विदयाथसी पढत थ।issku:lmẽlagbhagekhaza:rvidya:rthi:paṛhtethe.Aboutonethousandstudentsusedtostudyinthisschool.
सकल म एक क टीन भी थी।sku:lmẽekkaĩnṭi:nbhi:thi:.Therewasalsoacanteenintheschool.
क टीन िाला खान पीन की िहत सी चीज िनाता था।kaĩnṭi:nva:la:kha:nepi:neki:bahutsi:chi:zẽbana:ta:tha:.Thecanteenmanusedtopreparelotofsnacks.
िचच िहा ममठाई खरीदत थ या नमकीन / दध लत थ या शरित।bachchevahã:miṭha:i:khari:dtetheya:namki:n/du:dhletetheya:sharbat.Childrenusedtobuyeithersweetsorsnacks/milkorsoftdrink.
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1.1 Vocabulary
िचपन (m.) bachpan childhood
उन ददनो undinõ inthosedays
साल (m.) sa:l year
दर du:r far
उठना uṭhna: togetup/towakeup
पढाई (m.) paṛha:i: study
खलना khelna: toplay(agame/sport)
खलिाला khelwa:la: relatedtosports
िदढया baṛhiya: excellent/topquality
पहला pahla: first
िारहिी ba:rahvĩ: twelfth
लगभग lagbhag approximately
क टीनिाला kaĩnṭi:nva:la: canteenman
चीज (f.) chi:z thing
ममठाई (f.) miṭha:i: sweet
नमकीन (m.) namki:n softy/saltyfood
शरित (m.) sharbat softdrink
1.2 Trytocomprehend:
mera:gharkahã:tha:?
maĩkitnebajeuṭhta:tha:?
merepa:skaisa:balla:tha:?
hama:resku:lmẽkitnevidya:rthi:paṛhtethe?
kaĩnṭi:nva:la:kaisa:kha:na:bana:ta:tha?
1.3. Grammar & Structure
1.3.1 HabitualPast.
ReadandComparethefollowingpairsofsentences-
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लडका आठ िज सकल जाता ह। म सात िज सकल जाता था। laṛka:a:ṭhbajesku:lja:ta:hai. maĩsa:tbajesku:lja:ta:tha:. Theboygoestoschoolat8o'clock. Iusedtogotoschoolat7o'clock.
लडकी सगीत सीखती ह म टतनस खलता था। laṛki:sangi:tsi:khti:hai. maĩṭeniskhelta:tha:. Thegirllearnsmusic. Iusedtoplaytennis.
• Thehabitualpastrepresentsanactionashabituallyorregularlydoneinthepast.Itdoesnotusuallyrefertoaparticularactofthepastnortoanactasgoingoninthepast.Thehabitualpastreferstoageneralroutine.
िह महीन म एक िार मिई जाता था। vahmahi:nemẽekba:rmumbai:ja:ta:tha: HeusedtogotoMumbaionceamonth.
हमार सकल क सामन एक आदमी समोस िचता था। hama:resku:lkesa:mneeka:dmi:samosebechta:tha:. Amanusedtosellsamosasinfrontofourschool.
पहल ससबजया ससती होती थी। pahlesabziyã:sasti:hoti:thĩ: Thevegetablesusedtobecheapearlier.
• Thehabitualpastisformedbycombining‘tha:’था (mas.sing.).‘the’थ (mas.pl.),‘thi:’थी(fem.sing.)and‘thĩ:’थी (fem.pl.)withthepresentparticipleformsoftheverbwhichareaffectedbythenumberandgenderofthesubject.ThepastauxiliariesarenotaffectedbythePersonofthesubject.Forexample:-
Mas.Singular Mas.Plural
Ipersonम जाता था। हम जात थ।maĩja:ta:tha: hamja:tetheIusedtogo. Weusedtogo.
IIPerson
त जाता था। तम जात थ।tu:ja:ta:tha: tumja:tetheyou(intimate)usedtogo. youusedtogo
आप जात थ।a:pja:tethe
you(polite)usedtogo
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IIIpersonयह / िह जाता था। य / ि जात थ।yah/vahja:ta:tha: ye/veja:te:thehe/sheusedtogo. Theyusedtogo
FeminineSingular FemininePlural
Ipersonम जाती थी। हम जाती थी।maĩja:ti:thi: hamja:ti:thĩ:Iusedtogo. Weusedtogo.
IIpersonत जाती थी। तम / आप जाती थी।tu:ja:ti:thi: tum/a:pja:ti:thĩ:youusedtogo. you/theyusedtogo.
IIIpersonयह / िह जाती थी य / ि जाती थी।yah/vahja:ti:thi: ye/voja:ti:thĩ:.he/sheusedtogo. Theyusedtogo.
• TheNegativeisformed,asinthecaseofpresenthabitualwiththehelpofनही‘nahĩ:’buttheauxiliariesथा, थ, थी, थीhoweverarenotomitted.Whereasinthepresenttense,theauxiliarycanbeoptionallydropped.e.g.
Pasthabitual Presenthabitual
पहल म रसी नही िोलता था।pahlemaĩ:ru:si:nahĩ:bolta:tha:IdidnotusetospeakRussianearlier.
अि म रसी नही िोलता (ह)।abmaĩru:si:nahi:bolta:(hũ:)Idon’tspeakRussiannow.
पहल म टतनस नही खलता था।pahlemaĩṭenisnahĩ:khelta:tha:IdidnotplayTennisearlier.
आजकल म टतनस नही खलता।a:jkalmaĩṭenisnahĩ:khelta:Idon'tplayTennisnowadays.
• Thehabitualpastwillnotbecompletewithoutthepastauxiliaryliketha:/the/thi:/thĩ:.Italsoindicatesthattheactiondoesnotoccuranymore.
1.4 Exercise
1. Changethefollowingsentencesasperexample:-
maĩrozsubahdu:dhpi:ta:hũ: maĩrozsubahdu:dhpi:ta:tha:(i) tu:sha:mkokahã:ghu:mti:hai?(ii) vahsa:ikilsesku:lja:ta:hai.
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(iii) hamsubahjaldi:uṭhtehaĩ.(iv) tumgã:vmẽrahtehoya:shaharmẽ?(v) veangrezi:nahĩ:boltehaĩ.
2. Makesentenceswiththehelpoffollowingverbsasperexample:
uṭhna:Òmaĩrozpã:nchbajeuthta:tha:.
khelna:, paṛhna:, bana:na:, sunna:, bolna:
3. Filluptheblankswiththehelpoftheseverbs:
dena:, pi:na:,paṛha:na:,karna:,dekhna:
(i)vahdu:dh..................................................................................................................................
(ii)adhya:pakhindi:.....................................................................................................................
(iii)shi:la:ka:m...............................................................................................................................
(iv)ma:ta:ji:na:tak.........................................................................................................................
(v)pita:ji:hamkopaise................................................................................................................
Unit-II
StructuresIntroduced:
Possession:Subject+kepa:s+Object+hai/tha:
2.0 Readthesentencescarefully:
‘kepa:s’islocativepostpositionwhichmeans‘nextto’or‘closeto’.
मरा घर असपताल क पास ह।
mera:gharaspata:lkepa:shai.
My house is near thehospital.
लाल फकल क पास िहत पराना िाजार ह।
la:l kile ke pa:s bahutpura:na:ba:za:rhai.
There is a very old marketneartheRedFort.
2.1 Kepa:s is alsoused in the senseof possessionof something such as sekreṭari:,ma:li:,naukar,chauki:dar,sṭeno,kutta:etc.Seetheexamples.
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रमश क पास नई गाडी ह।rameshkepa:snai:ga:ṛi:hai.Rameshhasanewcar.
इन िचचो क पास गद नही ह।inbachchõkepa:sgẽdnahĩ:hai.Thesechildrendonothaveaball.
उसकी िहन क पास िहत साडडया ह।uski:bahankepa:sbahutsa:ṛiyã:haĩ.Hissisterhasmanysarees.
मर पास एक कतता ह।merepa:sekkutta:hai.Ihaveadog.
मर पास दो नौकर ह।merepa:sdonaukarhaĩIhavetwoservants.
मर पास एक चौकीदार ह।merepa:sekchauki:da:rhaiIhaveonewatchman.
मर पास दो सटनो ह।merepa:sdosṭenohaĩ.Ihavetwostenographers.
2.2 kepa:sisacompoundpostpositionanditrequiresobliquenoun/pronoun.
Pleasenotethefollowingchanges–
म + क पास maĩ+kepa:s Ò merepa:s Ihave
हम + क पास ham+kepa:s Ò hama:repa:s Wehave
त + क पास tu:+kepa:s Ò terepa:s You(s.)have
आप + क पास a:p+kepa:s Ò a:pkepa:s You(pl.)have
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िह + क पास vah+kepa:s Ò uskepa:s He/she/ithas
यह + क पास yah+kepa:s Ò iskepa:s He/She/Ithas
ि + क पास ve+kepa:s Ò unkepa:s Theyhave
य + क पास ye+kepa:s Ò inkepa:s Theyhave
2.3 The verb in this structure is controlled by the possession (Noun) not by the possessor(subject)e.g.
मर पास एक कलम ह। merepa:sekkalamhai. Ihaveapen
मर पास तीन कलम ह। merepa:sti:nkalamhaĩ:. Ihavethreepens.
उसक पास एक फकताि ह। uskepa:sekkita:bhai. He/Shehasabook.
उसक पास दस फकताि ह। uskepa:sdaskita:bẽhaĩ: He/Shehastenbooks.
2.4 Thepresentauxiliaryverbagreeswiththepossession’snumber(singularorplural)aswellasthepersonwhereasthepastauxiliarytakesthenumberandgenderofthepossession.
इसक पास एक कमरा ह। इसक पास चार कमर ह।iskepa:sekkamra:hai. iskepa:scha:rkamrehaĩ.He/Shehasaroom. He/Shehasfourrooms.
मर पास तम हो। मा क पास म ह।merepa:stumho mã:kepa:smaĩhũ:.Youarewithme. Iamwiththemother.
गचता फकस िात की, आपक पास म ह। िचचा मा क पास ह।chinta:kisba:tki:,a:pkepa:smaĩhũ: bachha:mã:kepa:shai.Youdon’thavetobother,Iamwithyou. Childiswiththemother.
हमार पास एक गाडी थी। उसक पास दो गाडडया थी।hama:repa:sekga:ṛithi:. uskepa:sdoga:ṛiyã:thĩ:.Wehadacar. Hehadtwocars
2.5 kepa:sisalsousedinthesenseof‘to’,e.g.
म डॉकटर क पास जा रहा ह।maĩ: daukṭar ke pa:s ja:raha:hũ:.
IamgoingtotheDoctor.
मर पास मत आओ। merepa:smata:o Don'tcometome.
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Unit-III
PatternsIntroduced
(i)
OridnalNumbersपहली ककषा िारहिी ककषाpahli:kaksha: ba:rahvĩ:kaksha:firstclass twelfthclass
(ii)
Va:la:as
adjectival profession
क टीन िाला चाय िालाkaĩnṭi:nva:la: cha:yva:la:Thecanteenman Theteaseller
(iii)
Conjunction-ya:/athva:दहदी या मराठछी सोमिार को या मगलिार कोhindi:ya:mara:ṭhi: somva:rkoya:mangalva:rkoHindiorMarathi OnMondayorTuesday
3.0 Text
गोपाि का मकानgopa:l ka: maka:n
Gopal’s House
यह गोपाल का मकान ह। इस मकान म कई कमर ह।yahgopalka:maka:nhai.ismaka:nmẽkai:kamrehaĩ.Thisisgopal'shouse.Therearemanyroomsinthishouse.
ऊपर िाल कमर छोट ह। नीच िाल कमर िड ह।u:parwa:lekamrechhoṭehaĩ.ni:cheva:lekamrebaṛehaĩ.Theroomsupstairsaresmallones.Theroomsdownstairsarebig.
पहला कमरा िठक ह। दसरा कमरा गोपाल का ह।pahla:kamra:baiṭhakhai.du:sra:kamra:gopa:lka:hai.Thefirstroomislivingroom.ThesecondroombelongstoGopal.
तीसरा उसकी िहन का ह। चौथा कमरा उसक माता-वपता का ह।ti:sra:uski:bahanka:hai.chautha:kamra:uskema:ta:pita:ka:hai.Thethird(room)ishissister’s.Thefourthroombelongstohisparents.
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मकान क सामन एक िगीचा ह। िगीच म तीन-चार िलिाल पड ह।maka:nkesa:mneekbagi:cha:hai.bagi:chemẽti:n-cha:rphalwa:lepeṛhaĩ.Thereisagardeninfrontofthehouse.Therearethreetofourfruittreesinthegarden.
गोपाल क घर क पास एक दधिाला रहता ह।gopa:lkegharkepa:sekdu:dhwa:la:rahta:hai.AmilkmanlivesnearGopal'shouse.
उसक पास िहत गाय ह और िह दध िचता ह।uskepa:sbahutga:ẽhaĩaurvahdu:dhbechta:hai.Hehasalotofcowsandhesellsmilk.
गोपाल रोज दध पीता ह या दही खाता ह।gopa:lrozdu:dhpi:ta:haiya:dahi:kha:ta:hai.Gopaldrinksmilkdailyoreatscurd.
3.1 Vocabulary
मकान (m.) maka:n house/flat
कई kai: many
ऊपर िाला u:parwa:la theupstairsone
नीच िाला ni:chewa:la: thedownstairsone
िगीचा (m.) bagi:cha: garden
पहला pahla: first
दसरा du:sra: second
तीसरा ti:sra: third
चौथा chautha: fourth
दधिाला du:dhva:la: milkman
गाय (f.) ga:y cow
िचना bechna: tosell
दही (m.) dahi: curd
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3.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. gopa:lkemaka:nmẽkitnekamrehaĩ?
2. gopa:lkema:ta:-pita:ka:kamra:kaunsa:hai?
3. bagi:chemẽkaisepeṛhaĩ?
4. du:dhva:la:kahã:rahta:tha:?
5. du:dhva:la:kahã:sedu:dhla:ta:tha:?
3.3 Grammar and Structure
3.3.1 िाला (va:la:)construction
(i) va:la isusedwithnouns in the senseofagency/ownership.Thederivedwordsarealsonouns.e.g.
अखिार िाला akhba:rva:la newspaperman
सबजी िाला sabzi:va:la: vegetableseller
टकसी िाला ṭaixi:va:la: taximan/driver
• Pleasenotethat‘va:la:’takesindirectnoun.e.g.
ररकश िाला riksheva:la: rikshawpuller
मछो िाला mu:chhõva:la: themanwithmoustache
(ii) va:la:asadjectivemarker
ऊपर िाला मकान u:parva:la:maka:n Theupperhouse
पीछ िाली खखडकी pi:chheva:li:khiṛki: Therearwindow.
• Inaccordancewiththenumberandgenderofthesubject,‘va:la:’changesto‘va:le’and‘va:li:’
Mas.Sing. Fem.Sing. M.Plural
दधिाला du:dhva:la: दधिाली du:dhva:li: दधिाल du:dhva:le
अखिारिाला akhba:rva:la: अखिारिाली akhba:rva:li: अखिारिाल akhba:rva:le
चायिाला cha:yva:la: चायिाली cha:yva:li: चायिाल cha:yva:le
पानिाला pa:nva:la: पानिाली pa:nva:li: पानिाल pa:nva:le
(iii) ‘pahla:’, ‘du:sra:’, ‘ti:sra:’ - theordinalnumbersareadjectivesand theybehaveas‘a:’endingadjectivesdecliningfornumber&genderofthequalifyingnoun.e.g.
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पहली ककषा=
पहली ककषा मpahli:kaksha: pahli:kaksha:mẽfirstclass Inthefirstclass
पहला कमरा=
पहल कमर मpahla:kamra: pahlekamremẽfirstroom Inthefirstroom
• Theordinalnumbersarederivedfromcordinalnumbers–
एक ek - pahla first दो do - du:sra: second तीन ti:n - ti:sra: third चार cha:r - chautha: fourth पाच pã:ch - pã:chvã: fifth छह chhah - chhaṭha: sixth सात sa:t - sa:tvã: seventh
andthenthenumberstake'vã:asasuffixlike– आठ a:ṭh→a:ṭhvã:-eighth
नौ nau→navã: -ninth
दस das→dasvã:-tenth
Additional Vocabulary
गद (f.) gẽd ball
साडी (f.) sa:ṛi: Indiandressofwomen
सगीत (m.) sangi:t music
समोसा (m.) samosa aparticularstuffedsnack
सबजी (f.) sabzi vegetable
ससता sasta: cheap
घमना ghu:mna towalk
माली (m.) ma:li: gardener
नौकर (m.) naukar servant
चौकीदार (m.) chauki:da:r watchman
सटनो sṭeno stenographer
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Let’sCount
71 इकहततर ikhattar
72 िहततर bahattar
73 ततहततर tihattar
74 चौहततर chauhattar
75 पचहततर pachhattar
76 तछहततर chhihattar
77 सतहततर sathattar
78 अठहततर aṭhhattar
79 उनासी una:si:
80 अससी assi:
Exercise
A. Answerthefollowingquestions:-
1. a:pkagharkahã:hai?
2. a:pkepa:skitni:kitabẽhaĩ?
3. kya:a:pkepita:ji:kepa:sga:ṛi:hai?
4. kya:a:pda:kṭarkepa:sja:tehaĩ?
5. a:pkesku:l/ka:lejkepa:skya:hai?
B. Completethesentenceswiththehelpofordinalnumbers–
(i) mera:daftar……………………...manzilparhai(10)
isgharke……………………...kamremẽcha:rkhiṛkiyã:haĩ.(2)
irfa:nṭi:mka:……………………...khila:ṛi:hai.(12)
C. Usetheappropriateformof'va:la'inthesentencesgivenbelow:
(i) ……………………...maida:nmẽbachchekheltehaĩ. (sa:mne)
(ii) ……………………...rozhama:regharsabzi:la:ti:thi: (sabzi)
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RecapitulationInthislessonyouhavelearntthefollowingstructures:
Pasthabitual sku:lmẽmaĩṭeniskhelta:tha:Locativepostposition-kepa:s mera:gharba:za:rkepa:shaiPossession-kepa:s uslaṛkekepa:ssa:ikilhaiKepa:sas‘to’ mari:zda:kṭarkepa:sja:tehaĩ
Differentusagesofva:la: Sabzi:va:li:,u:parwa:la:Ordinalnumbers pahla:,du:sra:Conjuctya:/athva: cha:yya:/athva:kaufi:
Please read your lessons carefully before answering the Response Sheets.
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परापरााक Marks
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पतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागDEPARTMENT OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
क दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयCentral Hindi Directorate
हिादरी सह टिफिक पराठयकरम (अागजी मराधयम)CERTIFICATE COURSE IN HINDI (English Medium)
उतर पत 9-12 Response Sheets 9-12
Please always quote your roll No. iN all corresPoNdeNce with us
कपया छातर अपना रोल नबर एव पता नीच ललख।Fill up the Following in block letters
रोल न /roll no.
छातर की मातभाषा Mother tongue of the student
.................................
क./शीमती/शी / kum./smt./shri .................................................................................................................
पता / postal Address .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
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........................................................ पपन / pin
मलयाकन क ललए उततर पतर इस पत पर भज : Filled-in response sheets are to be sent to :
उप निदशकपतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागका दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयपशचमी खाड-VIIररामकषणपरमिई हदललरी-110066 (भरार)
The Deputy Director
Dept. of Correspondence Courses
Central Hindi Directorate
West Block VII
Rama Krishna Puram
New Delhi - 110066 [INDIA]
उततर पतर Response Sheet
}9Exercise IChange the structure of sentences according to the given subject as in the example:
Model: म सब खरारा ि । (शखर)
शखर सब खरारा ि।
1. मरा कपड धोी ि। (लडफकयरा)
..................................................................
2. वपराजी अखबरार पढ ि। (म)
..................................................................
3. फकसराि खी कररा ि। (ि)
..................................................................
4. मोिि हिादरी जरािरा ि। (आप)
..................................................................
5. बचच दस बज सो जरा ि। (मरा)
..................................................................
6. िि आम खरारा ि। (म)
..................................................................
7. म मदराि म कसर कररा ि। (िि)
..................................................................
Exercise IIFill up the blanks with appropriate present tense form of the following verbs. Pick the right verb for each sentence. The verb form should agree with the number, gender and person of the subject.
(उठ, खल, पढ, जरा, पी, सो)1. मोिि दस बज कॉलज जरारा ि।
2. रिमराि शराम को मदराि म ......................... ।
3. वपराजी हिादरी अखबरार ......................... ।
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4. सरलरा ररा को दस बज ......................... ।
5. म सबि फकि बज ......................... ?
6. कयरा आप ररा को चराय ......................... ?
Exercise IIIRead the time marked on the clocks and write down in words and figures, as shown.
12.30 सराढ बरारि
09.15 सिरा िौ
…………………. .................................
…………………. .................................
…………………. .................................
…………………. .................................
3
Exercise IV Make questions to get the given answers.
Q.: .......................................................................
Ans.: म पशसल स शलखी ि।
Q.: .......................................................................
Ans.: िि बस स जराी ि।
Q.: .......................................................................
Ans.: वपराजी िौ बज सो ि।
Q.: .......................................................................
Ans.: मोिि बलरा बजरारा ि।
Q.: .......................................................................
Ans.: िि शोर कररा ि।
Exercise V Choose either ‘स’ or ‘क’ to fill in the blanks.
1. िि घर ............................... चली ि।
2. आप माहदर ............................... जराइए।
3. म पराच बज ............................... पढरा ि।
4. दस बज ............................... म आपक घर आरा ि।
5. सरा बज ............................... आठ बज ............................... पहढए।
6. हदललरी म अगस ............................... िषराटि िोी ि।
Exercise VI Answer the following questions:
1. म कयरा खरा िो? ....................................................................................................
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2. आप किरा रि ि? ....................................................................................................
3. िि कब सोरा ि?
....................................................................................................
4. शीलरा कयरा पढी ि?
....................................................................................................
Exercise VII Change the structure as given in the example.
Model: i) म पढरा ि।
ii) म शलखरा ि।
म पढकर शलखरा ि।
1. i) म खराी ि।
ii) म सोी ि।
....................................................................................................
2. i) दरादराजी दफर स लौ ि।
ii) ि आरराम कर ि।
....................................................................................................
3. i) मरा सबि उठी ि।
ii) मरा खरािरा बिराी ि।
....................................................................................................
4. i) ि ििरा ि।
ii) ि कपड पिि ि।
....................................................................................................
5. i) िि पढरा ि।
ii) िि जरारा ि।
....................................................................................................
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6. i) रमरा खली ि।
ii) रमरा लौी ि।
....................................................................................................
7. i) िौकर बराजरार जरारा ि।
ii) िि सबजी खररीदरा ि।
....................................................................................................
Exercise VIIITransform the following sentences according to the model given.
Model: म चराय पीरा ि। म चराय ििरीा पीरा।1. कयरा म बराजरार जरा िो? ...........................................................
2. सीरा परािी लराी ि। ...........................................................
3. वपराजी बराग म िल ि। ...........................................................
4. िम सराडी खररीद ि। ...........................................................
5. मराराजी अखबरार पढी ि। ...........................................................
Exercise IXRead the following narration. Here the subject is in first person ‘म’. Change the subject into third person ‘िि’ and the verb forms accordingly where necessary.
म सबि दर स उठरा ि। उठकर िराथ-पर-मि धोरा ि। बरश कररा ि। फिर सर करि जरारा ि। लौकर ििरारा ि और ििराकर िरारा कररा ि। म िरा म िल िरी खरारा ि।.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
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Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
7
उततर पतर Response Sheet
}10Exercise IMatch column 1 with column 2 and write down 5 sentences.
िििममिमआप
पढरा िशलखरा िखल िगरा िो
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
Exercise IILink the following measurements with arrow marks.
सिरा 5.25
डढ 8.75
सराढ ीि 2.50
सिरा पराच 3.50
पौि िौ 0.75
ढराई 1.50
पौि 1.25
Exercise IIIComplete the sentences using रिरा / रिरी / रि + ि / ि / ि / िो1. जिराज उड .........................................................
2. यरामरा पढ .........................................................
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3. म िस .........................................................
4. जरा .........................................................
5. म पी .........................................................
6. शीलरा गरा .........................................................
Exercise IVWrite ten appropriate sentences after adding ‘को’.
वपरा जी
म + कोिि + कोबिि + कोम + कोअिसर + कोि + को + को
पतिलकलम
शलख रि िद रि ि
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
Exercise VMake questions to get the following answers:
Q.: ......................................................................................
Ans.: अभी दस बज ि।
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Q.: ......................................................................................
Ans.: वपराजी पत शलख रि ि।
Q.: ......................................................................................
Ans.: धीरज घर पर ि।
Q.: ......................................................................................
Ans.: शीलरा कपड सखरा रिरी ि।
Q.: ......................................................................................
Ans.: िि आम खरा रिरा ि।
Exercise VIAnswer the following questions with the help of words given in the brackets.
1. शीलरा कयरा कर रिरी ि ?
शीलरा .................................................................................... (सो)
2. शीलरा कब उठी ि ?
शीलरा ................................................................................. (छि बज)
3. धीरज कयरा कर रिरा ि ?
धीरज ................................................................................... (िल)
4. सरास कयरा कर रिरी ि ?
...................................................................................... (पजरा)
5. चराय कौि लरा रिरी ि ?
...................................................................................... (बि)
Exercise VIIChange the verb forms so as it matches with the subject.
Model: म माबई जरा रिरा ि।
1. म माबई ......................................................................................
2. िि माबई ......................................................................................
3. आप माबई ......................................................................................
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4. ि माबई ......................................................................................
5. लडफकयरा माबई ......................................................................................
6. िम माबई ......................................................................................
7. माबई ......................................................................................
Exercise VIIIChange the sentences as directed.
Model: घोडरा दौडरा ि। घोडरा दौड रिरा ि।1. वपराजी घर आ ि।
.............................................................
2. म आम खरारा ि।
.............................................................
3. शीलरा दध िरी पीी ि।
.............................................................
4. आप घर कब जरा ि?
.............................................................
5. बि परराठ बिराी ि।
.............................................................
6. ि थोडी दर म आ ि।
.............................................................
7. म कयरा पढ िो?
.............................................................
Exercise IXTransform the following sentences by substituting the underlined with the given words in the brackets and changing the verb form accordingly.
Model: ररािल खल रिरा ि। (सतयरा)
सतयरा खल रिरी ि।
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1. म आम खरा रिरा ि । (मरा)
...................................................................................................
2. दरादरी री.िी. दख रिरी ि । (दरादरा जी)
...................................................................................................
3. िरागपर कब जरा रिरा ि ? (म)
...................................................................................................
4. िम चराय पी रि ि। (आप)
...................................................................................................
5. रशमरा सराडी खररीद रिरी ि। (लडफकयरा)
...................................................................................................
Exercise XTransform the following sentences according to the model given.
Model: रराधरा सो रिरी ि। रराधरा ििरीा सो रिरी ि।
1. िौकर खरािरा बिरा रिरा ि। .............................................................................
2. इस समय बराररश िो रिरी ि। .............................................................................
3. कमलरा खखडकी स दख रिरी ि। .............................................................................
4. ि रडडयो सि रि ि। .............................................................................
5. कयरा म पण जरा रि िो? .............................................................................
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
12
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
13
उततर पतर Response Sheet
}11Exercise ISelect appropriate form from the box and complete the sentences.
थरा, थ, थीा, थी
1. सरश म कल किरा ................... ?
2. चराय गरम ििरीा ................... ।
3. म घर म िरी ................... ।
4. कयरा आम मीठरा ................... ?
5. आप बराजरार म ................... ।
6. म सब किरा ................... ?
7. िम ख म ................... ।
8. दरिराज पर एक शभखराररि ................... ।
9. अलमराररी खलरी ................... ।
Exercise IIFill up the blanks with suitable words.
1. आज दो राररीख ि। कल ....................................... राररीख थी।
2. आज सोमिरार ि। कल ....................................... थरा।
3. आज सरा राररीख ि। परसो ....................................... थी।
4. आज बधिरार ि। परसो ....................................... थरा।
5. आज शनििरार ि। कल ....................................... थरा।
6. मोिि आज ठीक ि। मोिि कल ....................................... थरा।
7. इस समय दफर खलरा ि। सबि दफर ....................................... थरा।
Exercise IIIRead lesson ‘िोल म’ and answer the following questions.
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1. पयटि क को कयरा चराहिए?
..............................................................
2. पयटि क को कसरा कमररा चराहिए?
..............................................................
3. कयरा पयटि क को ए.सी. िरालरा कमररा चराहिए?
..............................................................
4. पयटि क को फकि बड िरालरा कमररा चराहिए?
..............................................................
Exercise IVMake sentences as shown in example.
Model गराय / घरास गराय को घरास चराहिए।
1. म / पसक ....................................................................................
2. म / साररा ....................................................................................
3. मरा / आरराम ....................................................................................
4. वपराजी / दिरा ....................................................................................
5. आप / रपयरा ....................................................................................
6. ि / छट री ....................................................................................
7. मररा भराई / िौकररी ....................................................................................
Exercise VTransform the following sentences on the pattern of the model. In the transformed sentence, the verb should agree with the object.
Model: म यिरा बीडी म वपओ। मि यिरा बीडी ििरीा पीिी चराहिए।
1. म चचा रा (f.s.) म करो। .........................................................................
2. म दसरो की चीज (f.p.) म छीिो। .........................................................................
3. म दध (m.s.) म वपओ। .........................................................................
4. म यि बरा (f.s.) उस म बराओ। .........................................................................
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5. म कचची रोरी (f.s.) म खराओ। .........................................................................
6. म गाद कपड (m.s.) म पििो। .........................................................................
7. म बरासी खरािरा (m.p.) म खराओ। .........................................................................
Exercise VITransform the ‘चराहिए’ form of sentences into ‘पसाद ि’ form.
Model: मझ आम मझ आम पसाद ि।
1. दरीदरी को पसक चराहिए। ...................................................................................
2. मध को गरािरा चराहिए। ...................................................................................
3. िीलम को िराचिरा चराहिए। ...................................................................................
4. मि पडडयरा चराहिए। ...................................................................................
5. उनि मरार चराहिए। ...................................................................................
6. मरा को अमरद चराहिए। ...................................................................................
7. बचच को सोिरा चराहिए। ...................................................................................
8. वपराजी को िलिरा चराहिए। ...................................................................................
Exercise VIIMake 10 sentences using one word from each colums of the table.
शीलरा
ररामि
म
िि
म
को
कमररा
परराठरा
िोि
रीिी
सराडी
चराहिए
पसाद ि
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
17
उततर पतर Response Sheet
}12Exercise IMake adjectives adding ‘िरालरा’ with the given nouns.
सराइफकल सराइफकलिरालरा कलरा कलिरालरा
शमठराई .......................... डडबबरा ..........................
चराय .......................... बललरा ..........................
करार .......................... परराठरा ..........................
दध .......................... रालरा ..........................
दिरी .......................... कपडरा ..........................
सबजी .......................... पडरा ..........................
Exercise IIChange the structure in the past tense as directed.
Model: म खलरा ि। म खलरा थरा।
1. रमश खलरा ि। ..........................................................................................
2. शीलरा िसी ि। ..........................................................................................
3. मरगि शलखरा ि। ..........................................................................................
4. म बोल िो। ..........................................................................................
5. िि शलखी ि। ..........................................................................................
6. आप कि ि। ..........................................................................................
7. ि खल ि। ..........................................................................................
8. रराधरा िराची ि। ..........................................................................................
9. कषण मरलरी बजरारा ि। ..........................................................................................
10. िम गरा ि। ..........................................................................................
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Exercise IIIChange the following sentences in negative formation:
Model: म िबराल खलरा ि । म िबराल ििरीा खलरा ।
1. पडोसी लड ि। .................................................
2. बचचरा सबि दध पीरा ि। .................................................
3. बक दो बज बाद िोरा ि। .................................................
4. म सबि उठी िो। .................................................
5. कयरा ि अागजी जराि ि ? .................................................
Exercise IVWrite down the number names and their ordinal (serial order) forms of the following numbers as shown in the example.
1 एक पिलरा
2 ..................... .....................
3 ..................... .....................
4 ..................... .....................
5 ..................... .....................
6 ..................... .....................
7 ..................... .....................
8 ..................... .....................
9 ..................... .....................
10 ..................... .....................
Exercie VIICorrect the following sentences using appropriate form of ‘अपिरा’ in place of underline words.
1. म मिरार भराई को बलराओ।
....................................................................................................................
2. म मर दोस क सराथ जरा रिरा ि।
....................................................................................................................
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3. म मिराररा िराम बराओ।
....................................................................................................................
4. म मररी मरा क सराथ खराी ि।
....................................................................................................................
5. आप आपकी फकराब हदखराइए।
....................................................................................................................
Exercise VTranslate the following sentences into Hindi.
1. He goes to school.
....................................................................................................................
2. Call that fruit seller.
....................................................................................................................
3. This is my own book.
....................................................................................................................
4. I am going home.
....................................................................................................................
5. He used to read Ramayana.
....................................................................................................................
6. Show me your book.
....................................................................................................................
Exercise VIIConstruct two sentences each as shown in the example.
Model: हिादरी – पाजराबी – पढ
(i) हिादरी पढो यरा पाजराबी (ii) हिादरी अथिरा पाजराबी पहढए।
1. सोमिरार – मागलिरार – जरा
(i) ...............................................................................................................
(ii) ...............................................................................................................
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2. दध – चराय – पी
(i) ...............................................................................................................
(ii) ...............................................................................................................
3. ठाडरा - गरम - खरा
(i) ...............................................................................................................
(ii) ...............................................................................................................
4. चराय – कॉिी – ल
(i) ...............................................................................................................
(ii) ...............................................................................................................
5. बस – करार – आ
(i) ...............................................................................................................
(ii) ...............................................................................................................
Exercise VIIITransform the following sentences as shown in the model using appropriate adverbs like पिल, उि हदिो, 1996 म, बचपि म etc.
Model: म गराि म रिरा ि। पिल म गराि म रिरा थरा।1. उदयपर म गमथी पडी ि।
...................................................................................................................
2. आशरा गरािरा गराी ि।
...................................................................................................................
3. सशील सबि उठकर कसर कररा ि।
...................................................................................................................
4. िॉसल म खरािरा अचछरा शमलरा ि।
...................................................................................................................
5. रमश शिर म रिरा ि।
...................................................................................................................
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Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
22
5. Excuse me please. (कषमरा करिरा)
..................................................................................................................................
Exercise VISelect the correct intensifiers from दिरा, लिरा and जरािरा to complete the following sentences:
1. मररी बरी ि अपिी सिलरी को फकराब द .................................................।
2. शील िमशरा समय पर कराम कर ..........................................................।
3. अगल िफ सभी मिमराि आ ................................................................।
4. अधयरापक ि विदयराचथटियो को सिराल समझरा ..............................................।
5. िम लोग आज ररा को रलगराडी म सो .....................................................।
Exercise VIIComplete the following sentences with the Hindi equivalents of the English expressions given in the brackets.
Model: रागि को थोडी दर ............... । (allow to take rest)
रागि को थोडी दर आरराम करि दो।
1. म आज िरापस जरािरा चरािरा ि, .......... (let me complete the work)
..................................................................................................................................
2. सरलरा बरािर ििरीा जरािरा चरािी, .......... (let her remain in Delhi)
..................................................................................................................................
3. िम सराइफकल चलरािरा ििरीा आरा, .......... (let us go on foot)
..................................................................................................................................
4. आज छट री ि, .......... (let us watch the film)
..................................................................................................................................
5. बचच की बीय ठीक ि, .......... (let him eat ice cream)
..................................................................................................................................
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Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
20