lesson overview lesson overview the central nervous system lesson overview 31.2 the central nervous...
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Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview31.2 The Central 31.2 The Central Nervous SystemNervous System
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal CordWhere does processing of information occur in the nervous system?
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord1. The control point of the central nervous system =brain.
Information processing is the brain’s principal task.
The brain is constantly changed by its interactions with the environment.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal CordA large cluster of neurons and other cells make up the spinal cord.
3. The spinal cord
– communication link between the brain and the rest of the body.
– reflexes
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
CerebrumThe largest region of the human brain is the cerebrum.
The 5. cerebrum:
– voluntary activities
– ex: intelligence, learning, and judgment.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Hemispheres cerebrum divided into left and right hemispheres:
– each with 4 lobes.
– are connected by a band of tissue = corpus callosum.
– Each hemisphere deals mainly with the opposite side of the body.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Hemispheres Each hemisphere is divided into regions called lobes. The four lobes are named for the skull bones that cover them.
frontal lobe:
– consequences,
– making judgments,
– forming plans.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Hemispheres 8. The temporal lobe - hearing and smell,
The occipital lobe - vision.
The parietal lobe -reading and speech.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Cerebral Cortex The cerebrum consists of two layers.
The 9. outer layer of the cerebrum = cerebral cortex (grey matter)
– information from the sense organs
– controls body movements.
Folds and grooves on the outer surface of the cerebral cortex greatly increase its surface area.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
White Matter The inner layer of the cerebrum= white matter.
– connects the cerebrum to other areas of the brain
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Limbic SystemLIMBIC SYSTEM:
– Emotion,
– behavior, and
– Memory
– pleasure center,
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Thalamus and Hypothalamus11. The thalamus:
– receives messages from sensory receptors
– Sends info to the proper region of the cerebrum
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Thalamus and HypothalamusThe 12. hypothalamus:
– Recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger
– body temperature.
– coordinate the nervous and endocrine systems.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
CerebellumThe second largest region of the brain is the cerebellum.
cerebellum:
– Information about muscle and joint position, coordination
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Brain StemThe 14. brain stem:
– controls regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Addiction and the BrainHow do drugs change the brain and lead to addiction?
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Addiction and the BrainNearly every addictive substance—including illegal drugs such as heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine, and legal drugs such as tobacco and alcohol—affects brain synapses.
drugs:
– produce changes in synapses that use the neurotransmitter dopamine
– involves the brain’s pleasure center
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Addiction and the BrainMethamphetamine releases a flood of dopamine, = instant “high.”
Cocaine keeps dopamine in the synaptic region longer, = pleasure and suppressing pain.
heroin, stimulate receptors that lead to dopamine release.
Nicotine and alcohol > dopamine release.
Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Central Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain– brain reacts to excessive
dopamine levels by reducing the number of receptors for it.
– result is normal activities no longer produce pleasure.
– result: larger amounts of drugs are required to produce a high. = addiction