lesson plan – what is a dichotomous key? summary€¦ · key concept(s) • binomial nomenclature...
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LessonPlan–WhatisaDichotomousKey?
SummaryScientistshaveidentifiedandclassifiedoveroneandahalfmillionspeciesofanimals,plants,fungi,andotherorganismsontheearth.Speciesareidentifiedbyscientistsallovertheworldbyauniformclassificationandnamingsystem.Adichotomouskeyisaprocessofidentifyinganorganismwithaseriesofsteps,eachcontainingtwoquestions.Theanswersleadyoualongapathuntiltheorganismisidentified.ContentAreaBiology,Botany,ZoologyGradeLevel3-5KeyConcept(s)• Withwellover1.5millionspeciesoforganismsonearthdescribed,scientistsaround
theworldhavedevelopedauniformprocessofidentifyingandnamingspecies.• Onespeciesmayhavemanydifferentcommonnamesbuteachspecieshasonly
onescientificname.
KeyConcept(s)• Binomialnomenclaturegiveseachdescribednamedspeciesatwopartname;the
genusandspecies.• Adichotomouskeyisaguideinwhichyouprogressthroughsteps,eachwithtwo
questions,untilyouidentifyanorganism.ObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:• Describethedifferencebetweenacommonnameandascientificname.• Understandthatscientistsortlivingthingsintogroupsforclassificationfromlarge
Kingdomsdowntoindividualspecies.• Explainanddemonstratehowtouseadichotomouskey.
LessonPlan–WhatisaDichotomousKey?
NationalScienceEducationStandardorOceanLiteracyEssentialPrinciple
LearningGoals
UnifyingConceptsandProcesses1.Systems,order,andorganization
Typesandlevelsoforganizationprovideusefulwaysofthinkingabouttheworld.Typesoforganizationincludetheperiodictableofelementsandtheclassificationoforganisms.
LifeScienceC.1.Characteristicsoforganisms
Eachplantoranimalhasdifferentstructuresthatservedifferentfunctionsingrowth,survival,andreproduction.Forexample,humanshavedistinctbodystructuresforwalking,holding,seeing,andtalking.
Principle5(3-5,B.)Theoceansupportsagreatdiversityoflifeandecosystems.DiversityofLife
TheoceanprovidesmostofEarth’slivingspaceandsupportsagreatdiversityoflifefromthesurface,throughthewatercolumn,anddowntotheseafloor.
LessonPlan–WhatisaDichotomousKey?
Peoplehavemanynamesforthesamething.Whatwouldyoucallit?
PeoplehavemanynamesForthesamethings.Whatwouldyoucallit?
CarTruckTransportationAutomobileMotorVehicleVehicleBucketofBoltsPick-uptruck2015ToyotaTacomapick-uptruckFour-door2015ToyotaTacomapick-uptruck
ScientistsNeedtoSpeaktheSameLanguage!
• Confusionoverwordsmaynotseemlikeabigdeal,butitcanbe!
Wearesinking!
GermanCoastGuard
Whatareyouthinking
about?
Nomenclature:Howscientistsnamelivingthingsbysortingintogroups.
• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
LEASTSimilar
MOSTSimilar
CarlLinnaeus,1758Createdthesystemofnaminglivingthings.Binominalnomenclature
Ursusarctos,Linnaeus,1758
Ursusmaritimus,Phipps,1774
YESorNO:Thekeytonaminglivingthingsisaskingtherightquestions!
• Dichotomous(dīˈkätəməs)meansdividedintwoparts.
• Whenyouuseadichotomouskey,youfollowapath.Eachchoicealongthepathhasonlytwoquestions.TheanswerisalwaysYESorNO.
1. Doesithaveashell?
2.Doesithavetwoshellhalvesthatfittogether?3.Doesithavewings?4.Doesithave8legs?YES,itisaspider
YES,gotoquestion2NO,gotoquestion3
YES,itisaclam
YES,itisabutterflyNO,gotoquestion4
Let’sPractice!
Wewilldivideintogroups.Ihavefivebagswithsupplies.Howmanycanbeineachgroup?
Groups:3groupsof42groupsof3
Let’sPractice!1. Isitananimal2.Doesithavefeathers3.Doesithavefins4.Doesithavegills5.Doesithaveablowhole
Yes,it’sawhale6.Doesithavealongtrunk
Yes,it’sanelephant7.Doesithaveleaves
Yes,it’saplant
Yes,goto2No,goto7
Yes,it’sabirdNo,goto3
Yes,goto4No,goto6
Yes,it’safishNo,goto5
Testyour‘Yes’and‘No’QuestioningSkills!
• Askingtherightquestionsiskeytofiguringoutwhatthingsare.• Wearegoingtoplayagame.• Youwillhavethepictureofalivingthingtapedtoyourback.YOUcannot
lookatit.Yourclassmatescan.• Youcanaskthemquestionsaboutwhatitis,BUTyoucanonlyaskYesor
Noquestions.
Let’sPracticeFirst!
• Doesitliveinthewater?• Doesitliveonland?• Canitfly?• Doesithavefur?• Isitamammal?• Isitwild?• Canitbeapet?• Isitadog?• Isitacat?
MakeYourOwnDichotomousKey
• Workingroupsoftwoormorepeople.• Eachteamtakeapaperbag.• Chooseatleastfiveitemsfromyourbag.Youcanusealloftheitemsif
youarefeelinginspired!• Using“yes”or“no”questions,makeakeythatleadstotheidentification
ofeachoftheitemsyouselected.• Usethepracticesheetfrombeforeasaguide.Therearealsoreal
identificationkeystoviewifyouneedideas.
1. Isitananimal2.Doesithavefeathers3.Doesithavefins4.Doesithavegills5.Doesithaveablowhole6.DoesithavealongtrunkYes,it’sanelephant7.DoesithaveleavesYes,it’saplant
Yes,goto2No,goto7
Yes,it’sabirdNo,goto3
Yes,goto4No,goto6
Yes,it’safishNo,goto5
Yes,it’sawhale
1. Isitananimal2.Doesithavefeathers3.Doesithavefins4.Doesithavegills5.DoesithaveablowholeYes,it’sawhale6.DoesithavealongtrunkYes,it’sanelephant7.DoesithaveleavesYes,it’saplant
1. Isitananimal2.Doesithavefeathers3.Doesithavefins4.Doesithavegills5.DoesithaveablowholeYes,it’sawhale6.DoesithavealongtrunkYes,it’sanelephant7.DoesithaveleavesYes,it’saplant
1. Isitananimal2.Doesithavefeathers3.Doesithavefins4.Doesithavegills5.DoesithaveablowholeYes,it’sawhale6.DoesithavealongtrunkYes,it’sanelephant7.DoesithaveleavesYes,it’saplant
Yes,goto2No,goto7
Yes,it’sabirdNo,goto3
Yes,goto4No,goto6Yes,it’safishNo,goto5
Yes,goto2No,goto7
Yes,it’sabirdNo,goto3
Yes,goto4No,goto6
Yes,it’safishNo,goto5
Yes,goto2No,goto7
Yes,it’sabirdNo,goto3
Yes,goto4No,goto6
Yes,it’safishNo,goto5
AcknowledgementsLessondevelopedbyDr.ChrisSimonielloforBayPointElementary.Standards-cross-referencingandformattingbyGrantCraig.Questions,comments,edits?ContactDr.Chris:[email protected]