LESSON PLAN

I. Identity

Educational unit : Senior High School

Subject matter : Chemistry

Grade/Year : XI/2013

Semester/Credit

Units

: First/2 CUs

Competence

Standard

:Understanding the atomic structure to predict the properties of

the periodic elements, molecular structure and properties of

compounds

Time Allocation : 2 x 45 minutes (one meeting)

Teacher name : I Kadek Irvan Adistha Putra

II. Basic Competence

Explaining the theory of electron pairs around the nucleus and hybridization theory to

predict molecular shape.

III.Indicator

1. Predicting the shapes of molecules based on the theory of electron pairs.

2. Predicting the shapes of molecules based on hybridization theory

IV. Learning Objectives

1. Students can predict the shapes of molecules using VSEPR theory through

small discussion followed by class discussion

2. Students can predict the shape of the molecule by using the theory of

hybridization theory through small discussion followed by class discussion

V. Content material

a. Perquisite - concept and it’s conception

1. Concept: Atom

Conception: Atom is smallest structural unit of an element.

2. Concept: Electron

Conception: Electrons is sub-particle in the atoms that has negative charge

3. Concept: Valence shell electrons

Conceptions: The electrons of an atom in its valence shell that participate in

the formation of chemical bonds

4. Concept: Molecule

Conception: A neutral particle composed of two or more atoms combined in a

definite ratio of whole numbers.

5. Concept: Orbital

Conception: Orbital is area with highest probability to find electrons in atom.

6. Concept: Quantum number

Conception: Quantum number is term that represents the position of electron

in an atom

7. Concept: Chemical bond

Conception: Chemical bond is bind or connections of two atoms or more by

certain attractions.

8. Concept: Covalent bond

Conception: Covalent bond is chemical bond formed by the use of electron

together between two or more atoms.

b. Concept and the conceptions are constructed

1. Concept: Molecular shape

Conception: Molecular shape is term used to represent the shape of molecule.

2. Concept: Electron domain theory

Conception: Electron domain theory is a way to predict the molecular

geometry according to repel the electrons in the outer skin of the central atom.

3. Concept: Electron domain

Conception: the space occupied by a group of electrons in the valence shell of

an atom.

4. Concept: VSEPR theory

Conception: VSEPR theory is theory based in idea that Electron pairs (or

groups of electron pairs) in the valence shell of an atom repel each other and

will position themselves so that they are as far apart as possible, thereby

minimizing the repulsions, so it can be formed shape of molecule.

5. Concept: Electron pair

Conception: Electron pair is pair of electron (two electrons in group).

6. Concept: Lone pair

Conception: Lone pair is pair of electron that is not used to in bonding.

7. Concept: Bonding pair Conception: Bonding pairs is pair of electron that is

used in bonding.Concept: Hybridization theory

Conception: Hybridization theory is theory to explain molecular shape by

formation of hybrid orbitals.

9. Concept: Hybrid orbital

Conception: Hybrid orbital is new orbital formed by mixing two different

orbitals in the same atom.

10. Concept: Linear shape

Conception: Linear shape is shape of molecule when all atoms are in a straight

line.

11. Concept: Triangle planar

Conception: Triangle planar is shape of molecule when four atoms are

arranged to form a triangle on a horizontal plane, the four atoms are located in

the same plane.

12. Concept: Tetrahedral

Conception: Tetrahedral is shape of molecule of a pyramid of four sides

having the same three angles

13. Concept: Trigonal Bipyramidal

Conception: Trigonal Bipyramidal is shape of molecule consists of two

trigonal pyramids (similar tetrahedral), which shared its surface

14. Concept: Octahedral

Conception: Octahedral is shape that has eight surface geometry.

c. Material Description

Molecular shape associated with the position of atoms in a molecule. In this case

illustrates the position of the molecular form of atoms in three-dimensional space and the

amount of bond angles that occur in covalent bonding in a molecule.

1. Electron Domain Theory

Electron domain theory is a way to predict the molecular geometry according to repel

the electrons in the outer skin of the central atom. Domain electrons means that the

position of electrons or electron regional presence. The number of electrons domain

determined as follows:

a. Each atom is bound to be counted as a region of high electron density, just as on a

single bond, double, and triple.

b. Each lone pair on central atom counts as a region of high electron meeting.

2. Teori

VSEPR

VSEPR

theory is a concept

that is used to

predict the geometric

shapes formed by the atoms in a molecule that is bound covalently. This theory is based on

the idea at all pairs of electrons are bound directly to an atom, the electron pair bond (PEI)

and lone pair (PEB) around the central atom and will adjust its position as much as possible

apart from each other.

Electron pair bond is the valence electrons are shared by the atoms in the molecule,

while the lone pair valence electrons are contained in the molecule at the places where the

electrons are not involved in the process of bonding.

The main idea of the electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) is each pair of valence

electrons on the central atom has an important role. Valence electron pairs on central atoms

would repel one another. The electrons will be arranged on the central atom with the

repulsion among the smallest.

3. Prediction of Molecular Shape based on the VSEPR Theory

Five of basic Molecular Geometri

a. Linear. When all atoms are in a straight line, the angle formed between two

bonded atoms leading to the central atom, called the amount of bond angles 1800.

b. Triangle planar. Four atoms are arranged to form a triangle on a horizontal plane, the

four atoms are located in the same plane. Central atom surrounded by three atoms that

form a triangle. All the bond angle is 120o

No. Compound Lewis structure The amount of domain

electron

1. H2O 4

2. CO2 2

3. SO2 3

O HH

CO O

S OO

c. Tetrahedron, is a pyramid of four sides having the same three angles. In tetrahedral

molecule, central atom is located in the middle of the tetrahedron and the four atoms

are located in the corners. All the same angle is 109,5o.

d. Bipiramidal trigonal, consists of two trigonal pyramids (similar tetrahedon), which

dshared its surface. The molecule has trigonal bipiramid central atom surrounded by

five other atom. Central atom is not located in the middle. In this molecule, not all

bond angles equal. In between, the two bonds are located in the center triangle, the

large bond is 1200.

e. Oktahedron, is shape that has eight surface geometry. We can imagine that the

molecule consists of two pyramid are basically four areas of shared square. At the

molecular octahedron six central atom surrounded by other atom. Central atom is

located in the middle square through midpoint octahedral. The six atom bonded to the

top center with six corner octahedron. The angle of each adjacent pair atom same with

900.

According to VSPER theory, the formula pairs of electron in a molecule is

symbolized as follows:

AXnEm

Where are,

A = center atom

X = bond electron pairs

E = free electron pairs

n = amount of bond electron pairs

m = amount of free electron pairs

Example: H2O molecule

Electron configuration of 8O = 1s2 2s2 2p4 (valence electron: 6)

Electron configuration of 1H = 1s1 (valence electron 1)

One atom O bind with two atom H form lewis structure =

The bond electron pairs: 2

The free electron pairs: 2

The formula of electron domain: AX2E2

Molecular shape: V shape

O HH

Tabel 1. Some of the molecular

Amount

of

electron

pair

PEI

(X)

PEB

(E)Tipe

The

arrangement of

electron pait

Molecular shape example

2 2 0 AX2 Linier BeCl2

3 3 0 AX3 Trigonal planar BF3

3 2 1 AX2E Menekuk (V) SO2

4 4 0 AX4 Tetrahedral CH4, CCl4

4 3 1 AX3E Segitiga piramida NH3

4 2 2 AX2E2 Menekuk (V) H2O

5 5 0 AX5 Segitiga bipiramida PCl5

5 4 1 AX4E Tetrahedron

terdistorsi

SF4

5 3 2 AX3E2 Bentuk T ClF3

5 2 3 AX2E3 Linier XeF2

6 6 0 AX6 Oktahedral SF6

6 5 1 AX5E1 Segiempat piramida IF5

6 4 2 AX4E2 Segiempat planar XeF4

4. Hybridization Theory

According to the Pauling, the orbital of valence elektron can be rearrangement to

be hybrid orbital atom. Formation process of the hybrid orbital of an atom is called

hybridization. These hybrid orbitals are formed the shape of the molecule so that atoms

are joined with another atoms. At this stage, we will study five hybrid orbitals are hybrid

orbital sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2.

Tabel 2. The hybrid orbital shape

Hybridization Hybrid shape Example

Sp Linier BeCl2

sp2 Segitiga planar BF3

sp3 Tetrahedral CH4

sp3d Trigonal bipiramidal PCl5

d2sp3 or sp3d2 Octahedral SF6

VI. Learning Strategy

Teaching and learning Approach: Inductive approach

Teaching and learning Method: Explanation, Discussion, question-answer.

Teaching and learning Model : Cooperative learning models STAD type

The syntax is as follows:

1) Delivering the learning objectives and motivating students

2) Giving general information

3) Organizing the students into group discussion

4) Guiding the group discussion in learning and working

5) Evaluation

6) Appreciation

Indi

kato

r

Cross field

indicator

Model,

Approach,

Methods,

&

Technique

Learning activities

Evaluation Learning

Resources

Target Method Instrument

Procedure

1

2

1. Beginning activity (10 minutes)

a. Checking the student’s

attendance

b. Inform the learning indicator

and objective of the lesson.

c. Motivasi and Apperceptions:

Giving the motivation to

students by mentioning the

melting and boiling point of the

water, why occur like we

mentioned.

Affective Individual Affective

scoring rubric

During the

process

-

Calculating the

difference

between data.

Cooperative

Learning

Model

STAD type,

inductive,

Disc

ussion,

small

discussion

followed by

2. Main Activity (70 minutes)

Exploration (40 minutes)

Teacher:

Teacher identify perquisites

concept of students needed in

present materials namely, the

atomic theory, electron valence etc.

Teacher give general overview of

the present material including

Electron domain and VSEPR

theory.

Teacher ask the students to form

heterogenic small group consist of

2-4 students

Teacher give worksheet in each

Cognitiv

e

Understan

d concept :

the

repulsion

of bonding

electron

pair or

free

electron

pair are

became

molecule

Chemistry

books,

power point

slide show

and student

worksheet

Ability to

analyze data.

class

discusion

group and ask the students to

discuss it

Teacher record the all of the

students activity

Students:

Student form a heterogenic small

group consist of 3-4 students.

Students discuss the worksheet

including explore about the

relationship of molecular shape

with the electron pair around center

atom, Student identify the electron

pair that include to the bond

electron pair or free electron pair

and student explore about the

molecular geometry and molecular

shape.

Elaboration (Introduction) (25 minutes)

Teacher:

Teacher randomly ask one group to

present the discussion result in

front of the class.

orientation

and

molecular

shape

Affectiv

e :

Respect

with other

people

Asking

questions

Answer-

ing

questions

Cognitive

Predict-

ing the

Essay

Selec-

ted

Res-

pond

(SR)

Student

group

worksheet

(attachment

1)

Affective

rubric

(attachment

6)

During

the

process

Teacher give chances to the

students to ask question and

analyzed the electron pair can

caused the repulsion with certain

strong, analyze the VSEPR that

caused by the amount of electron

pair, differentiate between

molecular geometry and molecular

shape, analyzed the process of

formation hybridization

Students:

One group present the discussion

result

Student analyze analyzed the

electron pair can caused the

repulsion with certain strong,

analyze the VSEPR that caused by

the amount of electron pair,

differentiate between molecular

geometry and molecular shape,

analyzed the process of formation

hybridization, and ask question if

there is still a doubt

shapes

of

molecu-

les based

on the

theory of

electron

pairs and

hybridiz

ation

theory

Affectiv

e :

Respect

with other

people

Asking

questions

Answer-

ing

question

Selec-

ted

Res-

pond

(SR)

Scoring

ribric

(Attach-

ment 7)

Presenta

-tion

Confirmation (Concept Application) (15

minutes)

Teacher:

Teacher give test related with the

present topic to the students

Teacher give appreciation to the

students

Students

Students do the test given

Closing activity (10 minutes)

Teacher

Teacher stimulate the students

to conclude all material that had

been discussed together

Teacher revise if there still

wrong concept

Teacher inform the next topic

Teacher say the closing

greeting.

Cognitiv

e

Understan

d concept :

molecule

orientation

molecular

shape and

formation

hybridizati

on orbital

Test Multiple

choice test

(attachment

3)

The end of

process.

Students:

Student conclude the material

that has been discussed

Students fix their concept if

there is wrong concept

Students reply teacher greetings

VII. LEARNING RESOURCES

Chemistry book that relevan:

a. Jespersen, Neil D., Brady, James E.,Hyslop Allison. 2012.Chemistry The Molecular Nature

of Matter. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

b. Chang, Raymond. 2005. Kimia Dasar Konsep Konsep Inti Jilid II. Jakarta: Erlangga.

c. Purba, Michael. 2006. Kimia untuk SMA XI. Jakarta: Erlangga

Power point slide show

Student Worksheet

Laptop

LCD

VIII. ASSESMENT

1. Evaluation method

Group Task

Small test

2. Evaluation type

Multiple choice test, essay, and activity observation

3. Evaluation instrument

LKS, evaluation rubric cognitive and affective.

Arrangement:

TARGETS METHODS INSTRUMENTSCognitive Essay Students worksheet

TestAffective Rubric Rubric

Attachment 1

STUDENT WORKSHEET

1. Complete the table below (Maximum score = 72 points)

Formula CO2 NH3 CH4 SF6

Lewis dot formula

Central atom

Number of atoms

bonded to central atom

Number of unshared

pairs on central atom

Total number of

regions of high electron

density on central atom

Molecular Shapes

2. Predict molecular shape of the molecules using VSEPR Theory (total score =

28 points)

Formula Hybridization Molecular Shapes

BF3

CH4

PCl5

SF6

Attachment 2

Key Answer of Worksheet

Formula CO2 NH3 CH4 SF6 Score

Lewis dot

formula

10

Central atom C N C S 10

Number of

atoms bonded

to central atom

2 3 4 6 10

Number of

unshared pairs

on central atom

0 1 0 0 10

Total number of

regions of high

electron density

on central atom

2 4 4 6 10

Molecular

Shapes

Linear Trigonal

Piramidal

Tetrahedral Square

bipiramidal

10

Formula Hybridization Molecular Shapes

BF3 sp2

CH4 sp3

PCl5 sp3d

SF6 sp3d2

Attachment 3

TEST

1. Electron arrangement that is matched with picture below is had by molecule…

a. BCl3

b. BF3

c. NH3

d. PH3

e. CH3

2. The shape of H2O molecule with angle that close with the real one is…

a.

d.

b.

e.

c.

3. Hybrid orbital sp3d2 happen in molecule that has shape…

a. Tetrahedral

b. Trigonal bipiramidal

c. Octahedral

d. Square

e. Linear

4. Possible molecular shapes for XeF2 is…

a. d.

b. e.

c.

5. Molecular shape of SF6 is…

a. Planar

b. Octahedral

c. Hexagonal

d. Piramidal

e. Tetrahedral

Attachment

Key Answer of Post test

1. C

2. D

3. C

4. D

5. B

Attachment 4

COGNITIVE SCORING RUBRIC

FOR GROUP DISCUSSION

Table 1

Formula CO2 NH3 CH4 SF6

Lewis dot formula (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5)

Central atom (max score) (max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2)

Number of atoms

bonded to central atom

(max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2)

Number of unshared

pairs on central atom

(max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2)

Total number of

regions of high electron

density on central atom

(max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2) (max score 2)

Molecular Shapes (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5) (Max sore 5)

Table 2

Formula Hybridization Molecular Shapes

BF3 (max score 2) (Max score 5)

CH4 (max score 2)(Max score 5)

PCl5

(max score 2)

(Max score 5)

SF6 (max score 2)(Max score 5)

Item Score

Table 1 72

Table 2 28

Total 100

Attachment 5

COGNITIVE SCORING RUBRIC

FOR TEST

Question Number Answer Score

1 C 10

2 D 10

3 C 10

4 D 10

5 B 10

Total Score 50

*The real grade is gotten by timing the score gotten by 2. Ex, Score gotten 40, the real grade is 40 x 2 =80

Attachment 6

AFFECTIVE SCORING RUBRIC

FOR GROUP DISCUSSION

No.Indicator observed

Group value

I II DST

1. Students participation in discussion

4 = More than 80% involve in discussion

3 = 61-80% of group member involve in discussion

2 = 41-69% of group member involve in discussion

1 = 21-40% of group member involve in discussion

0 = < 20% of group member involve in discussion

2. Effectiveness of students participation in gaining concepts

4 = Students achieve discussion goal in optimum time

3 = Students achieve discussion goal in less optimum time

2 = Students achieve discussion goal slowly

1 = Students activity is not directed to the target

0 = Students activity is wrong, not suitable for the topic

3. Scientific attitude

4 = >80% of group statements are fact or logical

3 = 61-80% group statements are fact or logical

2 = (>60%) group statements are fact or logical

1 = 41-40% of group statements are fact or logical

0 = <20% group statements are fact or logical

Attachment 7

AFFECTIVE SCORING RUBRIC

FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS

ASSESMENT ASPECTSSTUDENT NAME

1 2 3 4 5 6*

1. A. Enthusiasm / student participation in the learning

Score Criteria

4 Students' attention with a good range of topics studied in the PBM and are able to address issues

spontaneously given

3 Students' attention with a variety of topics that are less well studied in PBM but able to spontaneously

address issues given

2 Students are not visible attention to the various topics studied in PBM but is able to address issues

spontaneously given.

1 Students are not visible attention to the various topics studied in the PBM and are not able to address issues

spontaneously given.

2. Enthusiasm / participation of students in answering questions

Score Criteria

4 Students raised their hands before being called teacher, and the answer is correct

3 Students raised their hands after being warned teachers, and the answer is correct

2 Students raised their hands before being called teacher, and the answer is not quite right

1 Students raised their hands after being called teacher, and the answer is not quite right

0 Students did not answer when asked or gave answers that do not fit with any questions

3. Individual assessment in group discussions

4 Students are active in discussion, have a good opinion, do not interrupt other people's opinions, and be able

to account for their opinions in

3 Students are active in discussion, bold expression, and can control the noise discussion

2 Students are active in discussion, would share these opinions quickly, but can not account for the opinions

and interrupt other people's opinions

1 Students would actively in discussions, but not able to opine quickly, do not have the responsibility in

keeping the atmosphere of the discussion

0 Students do not participate in the discussion

1 = student name

2 = student name and to be continued