lesson3 muscle
TRANSCRIPT
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Muscles
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Functions of the Muscular System
• All movements of the body• Move blood through the circulatory system• Move food through the digestive system • Control the movement of air in and out of
the lungs
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Types of Muscle Tissue
3 types
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Cardiac Muscle
• orchestrate the sequence of cardiac muscle contraction
• Where is it found???– Only the Heart
• Involuntary
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Smooth Muscle
• Close pores• Move hairs• Constricts vessels• Moves the contents of the digestive
system and circulatory system– Rhythmic contractions
• Involuntary
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Skeletal Muscle
• Moves bones at the joints• Constricts cavities• Moves the skin
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What is Skeletal Muscle
• Long, striated and multi-nucleated• Attaches to bone or other muscle at the
tendinous ends• between bony attachments, it crosses 1 or
more joints, moving them• muscle ALWAYS PULLS
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Role of Muscle
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Agonist
Moves a body segment in the intended direction – causes a movement
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Antagonist
Muscle generating torque opposing that generated by the agonists, acts in the opposite direction
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Examples
• Bicep Curl
• Bench Press
• Squat
• Basketball Chest pass
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Muscle Contractions
3 Types
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Concentric
• Muscle shortens
• Joint Moves
• Shortens through its optimal length
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Eccentric
• Muscle lengthens
• “negative contraction”
• Greater increase in strength but very dangerous because of to much protein breakdown
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Isometric
opposing torque at the joint is equal to the torque produced by the muscle therefore muscle length remains unchanged
No movement at the joint
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Muscle actions
• Static (Isometric)– Large increase in
muscle force
– BUT –
– Specific to joint angle
• Dynamic– Concentric and
Eccentric
– Most people build muscle through both movements
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Golgi Tendon Organ
• Sensory receptor that inhibits tension development in a muscle and initiates tension development in the antagonist muscles
• KEY: sense tension– stimulated by the presence of active tension
in a muscle
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Golgi Tendon Organ
• Location: in the junctions between muscles and their tendons
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Golgi Tendon Organ
• Action: inhibits muscle tension in the muscle generating too much force and initiates development of muscle tension in the antagonist muscle (excites)
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Muscle Fiber Types
Fast twitch Vs.
Slow twitch
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Type 1
• Slow twitch• Slow to contract• slow to fatigue• lowest exercise intensity• Energy source: muscle glycogen,
triglycerides, oxygen
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Type 2a
• Fast to contract• Intermediate fatigue rate• Higher exercise intensity• Energy source muscle glycogen
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Type 2b
• Fastest to contract• Fast fatigue rate• Highest exercise intensity• Energy source ATP-CP
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FT : Fast twitch
ST: Slow twitch