LESSON 3 1st BATXILLERAT

LESSON 3 1st BATXILLERAT

Vocabulary page 29I have to take / sit some exams in June

Shes got a degree in physics from Oxford

Take a break

Vocabulary page 29Some people have made fun of these new vocational company degrees

Simplify = dumb down

Vocabulary page 29Pay attention in class

Work hard / success

Vocabulary page 29Ask your friends to test you when you are ________for your exams

What did the girl in the video do to ___________?

Vocabulary page 31Job opportunities for graduates have shrunk (Shrink / shrank /shrunk)

Giving more people a hand to succeed sounds like one menu option worth ordering

Revision from exercise 4A pp. 30 1 I cant ___ to go out for a meal tonight. 2 Doctors ___ quite a lot of money. 3 I think that university ___ are much too high. 4 My brother left university with a huge ___. 5 Most students live in ___ rented flats. 6 Everyone would like a ___ job!affordearnFeesdebtLow-costWell-paid

Useful language to rent a car1 Ill be [soon / right] with you.2 Thank you [for / about] being so patient.3 I dont have that. Could it be [in / under] another name?4 What did you say [was your name / your name was] again?5 Let me check your rental [history / past].6Do you want the additional [security / insurance]?7Let me just print [out / off] your contract.

Characteristics of modal verbsThey are followed by an infinitive without to (except for ought to).I must buy a new computerThey do not need do / does to form negatives or short answers.They do not take the third person s.They can use contractions with negatives.They have several different meanings depending on context.

MODAL VERBS FunctionModal verb1. Ability and possibilityBe able to / can / could 2. PermissionCan / be allowed to / could (gral. Permission in the past)3. obligation/necessityMust / have to /need to4. Absence of obligationDont have to / neednt5. DeductionMay / Might / could /must / cant6. Advice / recommendationShould / Ought to 7. ProhibitionCant / mustnt

MATCHINGShe must be very rich, she drives a Porsche.You should study harder.You dont have to wear long hair to be a pop star.You cant park hereCan I come in?

DeductionLack of obligationAdvisePermissionProhibition

1. Talking about ability and possibilityModaluseExampleAbilityCanAbility in the presentI can swimCouldAbility in the pastI couldnt swim as a childBe able to (not a modal verb)Ability for other verb tensesShe will be able to speak English fluently if she marries him. People have been able to send emails since the 90s.

2. Talking about permission.

PermissionCan & mayPermission in the presentCan I come in? may I come in? (+ formal)Be allowed to (not a modal verb)Permission in other tensesHe was allowed to arrive late to class by the teacherI wont be allowed to go to the concert this time.CouldGeneral permission in the past (but not to refer to a particular action)When we were children we could go to school on our own.

3- Talking about obligationOBLIGATIONMustMore common for specific or personal obligationsYou must go to the doctor tomorrowHave toMore general , external obligations

(in informal English we often use ve got Ive got to go now. Its very late)You have to be on time for the examNeed toYou need to come home. Your grandfather has had an accident.

4. Lack of Obligation vs obligationLACK OF OBLIGATIONNeedntYou neednt do this homework. It is optionalDont have toYou dont have to do this homework. It is optionalOBLIGATIONMUSTNT

To be a pop star dont have to have long hair (it isnt necessary)When you do your military service, you mustnt have long hair (It isnt allowed)

5. Deducing something that you do not know for sureMustYou are sure what you say is true.She must be very rich. She drives a PorscheCantYou think something is impossible or not true.It cant be him. That man is much youngerMayYou think it is possibly trueHe may know her phone number.Might We might have nothing in common.CouldTelling your mum about him could be a disaster.

6. Advise / recommendation / opinion

GIVE ADVICEShouldYou should study harder

I think you should stay at home today

Ought toYou ought to dress more formally for work.

All schools ought to prepare students for B2 exams

7. PROHIBITION

PROHIBITIONnot allowed toYou are not allowed to park hereCantYou cant park hereMustntStrong prohibitionYou mustnt cheat on your husband

MODAL PERFECTSUseExampleMust have to + past participleTo express certainty or make a logical deductionHe has not arrived yet. He must have been caught in a traffic jamCant have + past participleImpossibility in the pastIt cant have been him! He was with me yesterday.Might / may / could have + past participlePossibility in the pastHe hasnt phoned. He might have gone out for the weekend. Could have + past participleAlternative past action, Even though now it is too lateI could have been a good dancer but I did not persist.Should have + past participleWe wish something had happened in the past (but it did not)I should have told her that I loved her.Shouldnt have + past participleWe wish something hadnt happened in the past (but it did happen)I shouldnt have been so rude.

Do you hear the people sing?A historical failed insurrection on June 1832, romanticized in Les MiserablesIt started during the Burial of General Lamarque, a hero of the Napoleonic wars.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMYNfQlf1H8