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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued). Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ITALY. FLOODS. GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES. WINDSTORMS. EARTHQUAKES. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

ITALYPART 3B: EARTHQUAKES

(Continued)

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

Page 2: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ITALY DISASTERS IN ITALY

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ITALY DISASTERS IN ITALY

FLOODS

WINDSTORMS

EARTHQUAKES

VOLCANOES

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

Page 3: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

Italy has a long history of destructive earthquakes.

Page 4: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

LOCATIONS OF PAST NOTABLE EARTHAUAKES

Page 5: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

A DISASTER is ---

--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

Page 6: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause

extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,

joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

Page 7: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen

Page 8: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure that are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards will be LOST.

Page 9: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for concerted local, national, regional, and international actions.

Page 10: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

Page 11: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

Page 12: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 13: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

ITALY’S ITALY’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

ITALY’S ITALY’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• QUAKE HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

EARTHQUAKE RISK EARTHQUAKE RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

QUAKE DISASTER QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

Page 14: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

UNREINFO

RCED MASO

NRY, BRIC

K OR S

TONE

REINFORCED C

ONCRETE WIT

H UNREIN

FORCED WALLS

INTENSITYINTENSITY

REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS

STEEL FRAME

ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME

VV VIVI VIIVII VIIIVIII IXIX

3535

3030

2525

2020

1515

1010

55

00

MEA

N D

AM

AG

E R

ATIO

,

%

M

EA

N D

AM

AG

E R

ATIO

,

%

O

F R

EPLA

CE

MEN

T V

ALU

EO

F R

EPLA

CE

MEN

T V

ALU

E

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND

SHAKING

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND

SHAKING

Page 15: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND

FAILURE)

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES

LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

Page 16: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTH-QUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR THE LIKELY GROUND SHAKING IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 17: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 18: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL EARTH-QUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 19: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

SOME OF ITALY’S MANY NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

M6.9 IRPINIA: NOVEMBER 23, 1980

M6.3 L’AQUILA: APRIL 6, 2009

Page 20: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

EPICENTER: IRPINIA QUAKE

Page 21: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

L’AQUILA EARTHQUAKEA Town of 70,000

M6.33:30 AM

APRIL 6, 2009

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Page 23: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 24: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

• VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS DAMAGED• UNIVERSITY DORM COLLAPSES• VULNERABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGED• AT LEAST 200 DEAD AND 2,000 NJURED• TENS OF THOUSANDS HOMELESS

Page 25: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

L'AQUILA AND 26 TOWNS AND VILLAGES DEVASTATED

Page 26: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

L'AQUILA: SITE EFFECTS FROM LOCATION IN OLD LAKE BED

Page 27: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

ONNA: 3 MILES FROM L'AQUILA

Page 28: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

ONNA

Page 29: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 30: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
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Page 32: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

SANTA MARIA PAGANICA CHURCH

Page 33: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 34: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 35: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 36: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
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Page 38: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 39: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 40: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 41: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Page 42: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

EVACUEE ASLEEP IN CAR

Page 43: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

EVACUATION CENTER: UNIVERSITY SPORTS CENTER

Page 44: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

EVACUEES: STADIUM

Page 45: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

EVACUEES HOUSED IN STADIUM

Page 46: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

• Many earthquake survivors had to be transported to Rome for surgery and/or treatment due to shortage of resources in the L’Aquila area

Page 47: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

• An Italian scientist claims to have predicted the earthquake on the basis of radon gas emissions from the fault zone. • The Italian Government did not take any action because the technique is controversial.

Page 48: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

THIS DISASTER EXPOSED POLICY FLAWS

• UN—PROTECTED

• UN—PREPARED

• UN--ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY

Page 49: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

FACT: VILLAGE HOUSES WITH LITTLE OF NO EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE COLLAPSED,

INCREASINGING DEATHS AND INJURIES

The 5 pm occurrence) instead of a 10 pm occurrence) likely reduced the

number of deaths.

Page 50: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

FACT: KNOWING WHERE THE SEISMICALLY ACTIVE FAULTS ARE AND BEING UNPREPARED

FOR THE INEVITABLE EARTHQUAKES LEADS TO UNNECESSAY DISASTERS

Page 51: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

FACT: EVEN THE WORLD’S BEST FIRST RESPONDERS, FIND THAT

COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, IMPASSABLE ROADS,

AFTERSHOCKS, and NIGHTFALL WILL SLOW SEARCH AND RESCUE

OPERATIONS AND HINDER EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Page 52: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

IRANIAN RED CRESCENT WILLING TO ACCEPT INTERNATIONAL AID

"We would welcome help by any country," said Iran's parliament speaker, Ali Larijani, during his visit to the earthquake-stricken

area on Tuesday, August 14th.

Page 53: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

RED CRESCENT ASSETS DEPLOYED

• 1,100 Red Crescent workers were deployed with 44,000 food packages and 5,600 tents for survivors needing temporary shelter.

Page 54: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

ITALY’S NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE

ITALY’S NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE

• BUT, EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!


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