lessons learned from past notable disasters turkey part 1: floods walter hays, global alliance for...
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
TURKEYPART 1: FLOODS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
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TURKEY
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NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN TURKEYDISASTERS IN TURKEY
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN TURKEYDISASTERS IN TURKEY
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
WILDFIRES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER NRESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
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Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions create situ-ations favorable for FLOODS
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ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER
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HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF FLOODS ELEMENTS OF FLOODS ELEMENTS OF FLOODS ELEMENTS OF FLOODS
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
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FLOOD HAZARDS
ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
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LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
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A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH
TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH
TURKEY’S COMMUNITIES
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FLASH FLOODS HIT ISTHANBUL, TURKEY: SEPTEMBER 9, 2009
Losses exceed $100 million
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RECORD RAINFALL CAUSES FLASH FLOODS
• The heaviest rains in eight decades caused flash floods in Turkey.
• At least 31 people were killed.
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FLOODING IN OTHER PARTS OF TURKEY
• Flooding occurred also in the western cities of Canakkale, Balikesir, Aydin, Izmir, Antalya and Bursa.
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ISTHANBUL
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RAIN CLOUDS
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ISTHANBOL IS VULNERABLE TO FLOODING BECAUSE OF THE
“DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD” OF INADEQUATE URBAN PLANNING
AND RAPID URBANIZATION
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URBANIZATION
•
• In Istanbul, water tried to find a way to move over and under the ground as usual, but couldn’t because the ground is now covered with concrete and buildings as a result of ongoing urbanization.
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS: HOMES IN ISTHANBUL
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
Waves of muddy waters carrying cars, trees and debris crashed into homes and buildings on Wednesday (Sept 9) as people were getting up to break their fast during the holy month of Ramadan.
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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IMPACTS
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A RESCUE
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EVACUATION STRATEGIES
• Turkish military used helicopters and tanks to evacuate people trapped by the rapidly rising water.
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HELICOPTER RESCUE
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A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,…) intersect at a point in space and time.
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Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
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THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
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TURKEY’S TURKEY’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
TURKEY’S TURKEY’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• FLOOD HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
FLOOD RISK FLOOD RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOOD DISASTER FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
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KNOW THE FLOOD HISTORY AND IDENTIFY
THE COMMUNITY’S FLOOD PRONE AREAS
KNOW THE FLOOD HISTORY AND IDENTIFY
THE COMMUNITY’S FLOOD PRONE AREAS
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINST LOSS OF FUNCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION AND EARLY WARNING ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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FLOODS IN TURKEY ARE INEVITABLEFLOODS IN TURKEY ARE INEVITABLE
• ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.
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STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I.E., WORKING TOGETHER ON A
COMMON GOAL)
FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I.E., WORKING TOGETHER ON A
COMMON GOAL)
FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
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