let the sun shine: greenhouse design and operations · 2017. 11. 8. · mike sacomano, forever...
TRANSCRIPT
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LET THE SUN SHINE: GREENHOUSE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
SESSION SPONSOR: Moderator: Nick Hice, Denver Relief Consulting Panelists: Paul Golden, Nexus Greenhouse Systems Nick Earls, Wadsworth Control Systems Mike Sacomano, Forever Flowering Greenhouses
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Energy demand: Warehouse v. Greenhouse
• Light levels
• Cooling needs
• Humidity control and
Dehumidification
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Lighting differences between GH and WH grows Greenhouses utilize 1,000 W of
lighting every 36-81 ft2, but only run lights part of the year
Warehouses utilize 1,000 W of lighting
approx. every 16-20 ft2
Power required for GH lighting ~ 18-30 W/ft2
For a target Day Light Integral of 30 - 40 mol/m2/day Summer months don’t require lighting
Power required for WH lighting ~ 52-66 W/ft2
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Cooling differences between GH and WH grows Warehouses have 1.5 – 3x the amount of
light fixtures as greenhouses, & run the these lamps 12 , 18, or 24/7/365
Every three 1,000 W lamps require one ton
of cooling (approx. 30-60 W/ft2 to cool) Greenhouse evaporative cooling systems
require little energy (approx. 1-2 W/ft2)
From 10-30 oF temperature reduction!
Total energy WH: 120-225kWh/ft2/yr GH: 60-75% less
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Humidity Control & Dehumidification
• Plant biology & humidity
• When and where is supplemental dehumidification necessary?
• When is humidity control most important in a GH?
• Types of supplemental dehumidification
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SLIDE TITLE Plant biology as it relates to humidity • 50% RH is not an indicator of fungal disease conditions. If air and leaf
temperature ≤ 60oF, humidity levels at 50% may be ideal for fungus. • With proper GH air mixing mold can be prevented at 70% RH & 80oF.
• Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is a better indicator than relative humidity.
• VPD can identify when condensation
may occur in the canopy.
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SLIDE TITLE When and where to supplement dehumidification?
If VPD is less than 0.20 kPa, condensation and disease may occur. The ideal range for plant productivity is a VPD from 1.0 kPa to 0.85 kPa.
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SLIDE TITLE When is humidity control most important in a GH? Monitor temperature, humidity (VPD) conditions when entering blackout!
• Blackout occurs from 7PM to 7AM
• Slowly reduce light levels (slow transpiration)
• Prevent temp from quickly dropping when closing curtains due to lack of sunlight
• Operate all mixing fans
• Ventilate & purge humid air
• Heat air if necessary
• Use supplemental dehumidifiers
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Types of supplemental dehumidification • 2 primary systems used:
Compressor and Desiccant
• Commonly only used in blackout or winter; fully-closed systems possible but very expensive
• Most reject heat into the space, a select few provide cooling
• Not standard HVAC sized equipment. Should be sized/designed by professionals
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Optimal Climate Control for Greenhouses
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Total Environmental Commercial Controls • Branching out
• Hobbyist vs. commercial controls
• Multiple controls (poor choice - inefficient)
• Embracing new technology
• Flow and facility design
• Security and passwords
• Backup generator
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Benefits of a Total Control • All equipment under one interface
• Compare sensors and equipment readings
• Integrated equipment works better
• Alarm for any condition
• Remote in from outside location
• Multiple setpoints for trigger
• Hybrid (indoor & greenhouse)
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Data Analysis
• Equipment vs. setpoint
• Past vs. future data
• Overrides
• Irrigation duration vs. moisture content
• Harvest vs. climate analysis
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Full Potential of Control System • Read manual and/or purchase
training
• Climate plan (setpoint goals)
• Advantages of sensors
• Shade and light dep curtains
• Set overrides or if codes
• Dehumidification • CO2/Heat • Moisture sensors • PAR + DLI • Roof vents and WS • Lights and heat
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Variable Speed & Multiple Outputs Equipment Variable Speed • Air circulation fans • Exhaust fans
• Two speed
• Variable speed Multiple Outputs • Exhaust fans on multiple outputs • Lighting • Heating • Curtains (shade and blackout)
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Greenhouse Systems
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Questions ?
Thank You!
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LET THE SUN SHINE: GREENHOUSE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
SESSION SPONSOR: Moderator: Nick Hice, Denver Relief Consulting Panelists: Paul Golden, Nexus Greenhouse Systems Nick Earls, Wadsworth Control Systems Mike Sacomano, Forever Flowering Greenhouses