Lets Get Scientific!

A brief overview of life, physical and earth sciences.

By Joseph Kamps

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Science can teach us so many things about how the world works, click on the following links to learn more about that topic.

Life Science Earth Science Physical Science

Life Science

This section of this overview is going to teach you about life sciences. You will learn about the following topics.

- Cells- Heredity- Evolution

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Cells

Cells are the basic unit of life, which all living things are composed.

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Some living things are made up of many cells.

Some living things are made up of only one cell.

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Specialized CellsMany of the cells in multicellular organisms carry

out specific functions. If a cell does have a specific function, it is called a specialized cell.

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For example, plants have cells called Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts help the plant survive by making food through the process of photosynthesis.

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HeredityEveryone you know looks a certain way, because

of the traits that have been passed down to them in their genes.

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Genes decide the color of you eyes.

Genes also control if you can or cannot roll your tongue.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the genetic material of a population of organisms from one generation to the next, the three main processes involved in evolution are:

- Reproduction - Natural Selection

- Variation

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Evolution Continued!

A very good example of natural selection in evolution would be the peppered moth.

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The peppered moth flourished in its white spotted form, until industries in the area began to leave soot and dark dust in the habitat of these moths. Predators soon eliminated much of the lighter colored moth and the population of dark peppered moths remains on the rise today.

Earth Science

The earth works in many ways, and science can explain many of the ways the earth works. In this section we will cover the following topics.- The earths surface (The Geosphere)- The water on earth (The Hydrosphere)- The Weather and Atmosphere

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The GeosphereThe earths surface has many interesting

landforms on it, and it was shaped in many different ways.

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The great lakes are one of the most prominent landforms on earth and the largest group of freshwater lakes on earth.

Mountains are also one of the most recognizable landforms, their rocky summits scrape the clouds.

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How was earth shaped?There are many factors which helped shape the

earth, two of the biggest factors are Glaciers and Volcanoes.

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Glaciers are huge masses of ice that are so heavy they scrape out valleys and are responsible for many lakes and rivers.

A Volcano is an opening in the crust of the earth, where molten rock escapes, forming mountains, islands and other land forms.

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The Hydrosphere72 Percent of the earth is water, however only 2-

3% of that amount is drinkable. This water is found in many different forms across the globe.

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Water can be frozen (Bottom Left), as in the ice caps. Water can be in the form of salt water (Left). 98% of the water on earth is salt water. Lastly, water can come in the form of Freshwater (Bottom Right) as seen in the great lakes.

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The WeatherWeather is the current atmospheric condition in a given

region, and occurs due to difference in air temperature and density from one place to another. Weather can appear in many different forms.

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In some of weather’s more extreme forms such as Hurricanes (Left) and Tornados (Right) much damage to cities and people can be done.

The AtmosphereEarth’s Atmosphere is made of layers of gases

held to the earth by the gravitational pull of the planet. Without the atmosphere, earth would not be able to support life.

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Atmospheric gases scatter blue light more than other wavelengths, giving the Earth a blue halo when seen from space.

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Physical ScienceIn this section of the overview we will look at

some of the different aspects of physical science. The following topics will be covered in this section.- Energy- Sound- Light

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Energy

Energy comes in many forms, and is the driving force of almost everything Humans do.

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Electrical energy and heat energy are two of the most common forms of energy found on earth.

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SoundSound is vibrations transmitted through a solid

liquid or a gas. The vibrations have frequencies that are within the range of hearing.

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Sound surrounds us in our daily lives. Can you think of a time when you didn’t hear anything and heard nothing but complete silence? Our ears are always working and listening.

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Light

Light is just forms of radiation that are visible to the human eye. The majority of wavelengths of light are invisible to the naked eye.

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Light Continued!

A beam of white light can be broken into the different wavelengths of light using a prism,

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As you can see white light is the combination of all the colors of the spectrum. The Prism disperses the white light into the colors that make white light.

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You have completed this section of the overview, click the return to menu button if you wish to select a different part of the overview.

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