ItIt’’s now or s now or never!!never!!

Created by:Created by:--Prarthana KharodPrarthana Kharod

--Meghana KharodMeghana Kharod--Stuti MankadStuti Mankad

What is the presentation all aboutWhat is the presentation all about??

•• Diwali is originally religious festivalDiwali is originally religious festival

•• Presently, main attraction Presently, main attraction ––””FIREWORKSFIREWORKS””

•• We are trying to create an awareness about We are trying to create an awareness about the harmful effects of fireworks, by this the harmful effects of fireworks, by this presentationpresentation……

Types of fireworksTypes of fireworks

Fireworks

Sparklers Firecrackers

CompositionCompositionPossible components of any firework:Possible components of any firework:--

1.1. KNOKNO33

2.2. BaClBaCl33

3.3. AsAs

4.4. Strontium NitrateStrontium Nitrate

5.5. Potassium Potassium PerchloratePerchlorate

6.6. Copper OxideCopper Oxide

7.7. NaHCONaHCO33

8.8. CarbonCarbon

9.9. SulfurSulfur

10.10.PerchloratePerchlorate

11.11.Aluminium PowderAluminium Powder

Fireworks and Air pollutionFireworks and Air pollution•• Emission of smoke Emission of smoke --more in the light illuminating fire more in the light illuminating fire

crackercracker-- Levels of SOLevels of SO22 & RSPM (respirable suspended & RSPM (respirable suspended particulate matter) particulate matter) --marginally higher on Diwali day. marginally higher on Diwali day.

•• Increase of 9.5% in Air pollution every yearIncrease of 9.5% in Air pollution every year--after Diwali.after Diwali.

•• Combustion processes in industry, power stations & Combustion processes in industry, power stations & traffic or from volcanic eruptions into the atmosphere traffic or from volcanic eruptions into the atmosphere emission of SOemission of SO22 & NO& NO22 photochemical oxidation photochemical oxidation combination of acids with the water droplets in clouds combination of acids with the water droplets in clouds fall on the surface of the earth as rain, snow or sleetfall on the surface of the earth as rain, snow or sleet

•• Critical levels of SPM were observed in residential areas of Critical levels of SPM were observed in residential areas of many Indian cities including Ahmedabad, Vadodara, many Indian cities including Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Jamnagar of Gujarat.Jamnagar of Gujarat.

Ten locations having highest concentration of Sulphur Dioxide during year 2003

19 19 Gujarat Gujarat City Dandia Bazaar, Vadodara City Dandia Bazaar, Vadodara 10. 10.

19 19 Gujarat Gujarat Cadilla Bridge, Narole, Cadilla Bridge, Narole, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad

9. 9.

20 20 Maharashtra Maharashtra Chitale Clinic, Solapur Chitale Clinic, Solapur 8. 8.

20 20 Gujarat Gujarat Vapi Nagar Palika, Vapi Vapi Nagar Palika, Vapi 7. 7.

22 22 Chattisgarh Chattisgarh Visak Hostel, Sector 4, Bhilai Visak Hostel, Sector 4, Bhilai 6 6

22 22 Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Grasim Kalyan Kendra, Nagda Grasim Kalyan Kendra, Nagda 5. 5.

27 27 Maharashtra Maharashtra RTO Colony Tank, Nasik RTO Colony Tank, Nasik 4. 4.

30 30 Maharashtra Maharashtra Nashik Municipal Council, Nashik Municipal Council, Nashik Nashik

3. 3.

34 34 Maharashtra Maharashtra Swargate, Pune Swargate, Pune 2. 2.

36 36 Maharashtra Maharashtra Nal Stop, Pune Nal Stop, Pune 1 1

Annual Average conc. Annual Average conc. ((µµg/m 3 ) g/m 3 )

State State Location Location

Residential Areas Residential Areas S. S. No No

Ten Locations Having Highest Concentration of RSPM during year 2003

173* Uttar Pradesh Deputy ka Padao, Kanpur 10 10

174* Uttar Pradesh Kidwai Nagar, Kanpur 9. 9.

178* Gujarat City Dandia Bazaar, Vadodara 8. 8.

179* Gujarat Cadilla Bridge Narol, Ahmedabad 7. 7.

183* Chattisgarh HIG 21, 22, New Ghantaghar, Korba 6. 6.

189* Delhi Town Hall, Delhi 5. 5.

198* Rajasthan Regional Office, Alwar 4. 4.

218* Punjab Regional Office, Punjab SPCB/ Vishwakarma Chowk, Ludhiana

3. 3.

240* Chattisgarh New HIG-9, Hirapur, Raipur 2. 2.

245* Punjab Regional Office, Jalandhar1. 1.

Annual Annual Average Average

conc. (conc. (µµg/mg/m3 ) 3 )

State State Location Location

Residential Areas Residential Areas S. S. No. No.

Health hazards of air pollutionHealth hazards of air pollution

•• Harmful chemicals emitted through smoke Harmful chemicals emitted through smoke ––known to cause various respiratory diseases known to cause various respiratory diseases

•• Bright light Bright light –– eye damageeye damage

Specific health effects of various Specific health effects of various compoundscompounds

ChlorateChlorate

•• Toxic by inhalation & Toxic by inhalation & ingestioningestion

•• Direct exposure Direct exposure –– Red Red blood cell destructionblood cell destruction

•• Directly affects Directly affects Kidney.Kidney.

Barium compoundsBarium compounds•• Toxic through Toxic through

inhalation & inhalation & accidental ingestionaccidental ingestion

•• Soluble Barium salts in Soluble Barium salts in firecrackers firecrackers ––vomiting, abdominal vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, pain, bloody diarrhea, shallow breathing, shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, convulsions, coma, death.death.

Nitrate compoundsNitrate compounds

•• Toxic through Toxic through inhalation & skin inhalation & skin contactcontact

•• Inhalation Inhalation –– acute acute pulmonary edema or pulmonary edema or COPDCOPD

•• Skin contact Skin contact ––significant absorption significant absorption from burnt areas from burnt areas ––causes corrosion of causes corrosion of skin & other tissuesskin & other tissues

Sulfur compoundsSulfur compounds

•• Acute inhalation of Acute inhalation of Sulfur powder/dust Sulfur powder/dust ––shortness of breath, shortness of breath, cough, tightness & cough, tightness & feeling of burning in feeling of burning in the chestthe chest

•• Poisoning Poisoning –– irritation irritation of eyes, skin, lungs & of eyes, skin, lungs & GITGIT

•• Copper Copper –– irritation of respiratory tractirritation of respiratory tract

•• Cadmium Cadmium –– Anemia and kidney damageAnemia and kidney damage

•• Lead Lead –– Nervous system affectionNervous system affection

•• Magnesium Magnesium –– Dust & fume cause metal fumeDust & fume cause metal fume

feverfever

•• Sodium Sodium –– Reacts violently with moisture & canReacts violently with moisture & can

attack skin attack skin

Cloud of dust…Surrounding the Earth

Fireworks and Noise pollutionFireworks and Noise pollution

•• NoiseNoise-- Wrong sound, at wrong time, at Wrong sound, at wrong time, at wrong placewrong place

•• <80 db<80 db-- No hearing lossNo hearing loss•• 8080--130 db130 db-- Temporary hearing lossTemporary hearing loss•• >=150 db>=150 db-- physical rupture of human earphysical rupture of human ear

drumdrum•• Crackers that make a noise of more than 125 Crackers that make a noise of more than 125

db at 4 meter distance from the point of db at 4 meter distance from the point of burstingbursting-- banned by the law.banned by the law.

RememberRemember-- Noise made by Noise made by most of the crackers, harm most of the crackers, harm

us.us.

Health hazards of Noise pollutionHealth hazards of Noise pollution

1. Auditory1. Auditory

•• Physical damage to earPhysical damage to ear

•• Inability to detect weak soundsInability to detect weak sounds

2. Non Auditory2. Non Auditory

•• High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

•• Emotional and psychological effectsEmotional and psychological effects

•• Irritability, anxiety, stressIrritability, anxiety, stress

•• Mental fatigueMental fatigue

•• Poor performance of school childrenPoor performance of school children

•• Affects particularly childrenAffects particularly children

•• May lead to accidents like fire, blasts etc.May lead to accidents like fire, blasts etc.

Global warming & climate changeGlobal warming & climate change

•• Burning issueBurning issue

•• Global warming has changed the climate, Global warming has changed the climate, significantlysignificantly

The melting ice…effect of Global Warming

Where should I go now???

Melting ice on the mountains…

Effects of Climate ChangeEffects of Climate Change•• The joint warmest years globally since The joint warmest years globally since world records began world records began

in 1856 were 1998 and 2005, followed by 2001/2/3/4/6! in 1856 were 1998 and 2005, followed by 2001/2/3/4/6! •• In last 50 years, The Arctic ice sheet has lost almost half its In last 50 years, The Arctic ice sheet has lost almost half its

thicknessthickness--contracting at approx 8% per decade.contracting at approx 8% per decade.•• Water shortages occurred.Water shortages occurred.•• According to the insurance industry, three timesAccording to the insurance industry, three times as many as many

severe natural disasters during the 1990s as during the severe natural disasters during the 1990s as during the 1960s.1960s.

•• Lengthening of growing seasons in the most northern and Lengthening of growing seasons in the most northern and southern countries, animal and plant species moving to southern countries, animal and plant species moving to higher ground, decline of some animal and plant higher ground, decline of some animal and plant populations, earlier tree flowering, insect emergence and populations, earlier tree flowering, insect emergence and eggegg--laying in birds.laying in birds.

Effects of Climate ChangeEffects of Climate Change

•• Additional deaths due to the migration of disease Additional deaths due to the migration of disease caused by warming could already be 5 million, caused by warming could already be 5 million, according to the World Health Organization.according to the World Health Organization.

•• Desertification of Northern China ,During 2005, Desertification of Northern China ,During 2005, desert has increased by an areadesert has increased by an area larger than Britain.larger than Britain.

•• During 2003, high temperature caused over 20,000 During 2003, high temperature caused over 20,000 deaths in Europe. In Indiadeaths in Europe. In India-- 1400 people died due 1400 people died due to the exceptional temperature up to 49to the exceptional temperature up to 49°°C.C.

Continue…

Fireworks & Child LaborFireworks & Child Labor

•• India has the largest number of child India has the largest number of child workers in the world.workers in the world.

•• Most of the fireworksMost of the fireworks--manufactured by child manufactured by child labourerslabourers..

•• Gov. of India banned child labour.Gov. of India banned child labour.

•• The children are doing their work at home The children are doing their work at home to fetch money, particularly in to fetch money, particularly in SivakashiSivakashi, , TamilnaduTamilnadu..

Child labourChild labour

•• Children, spread over Children, spread over NungiNungi and and ChampahatiChampahati in South 24 in South 24 ParganasParganas or or BagnanBagnan in Howrah, West Bengal, are in Howrah, West Bengal, are making fire crackers. making fire crackers.

•• According to the 2001 census, India has 12.6 According to the 2001 census, India has 12.6 million child workers. Activists estimate the million child workers. Activists estimate the figure is more than 60 million.figure is more than 60 million.

Advantages & disadvantages of Advantages & disadvantages of fireworksfireworks

AdvantagesAdvantages

1.1. EnjoymentEnjoyment

2.2. Kill insectsKill insects

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

1.1. Increase in Air pollution, Increase in Air pollution, Noise pollutionNoise pollution

2.2. Significant role in climate Significant role in climate change and Global warmingchange and Global warming

3.3. Significant contribution in Significant contribution in child labourchild labour

4.4. They can harm the human They can harm the human bodybody

5.5. Kill insectsKill insects

New and safer ways to celebrate New and safer ways to celebrate DiwaliDiwali

•• Decorate your houseDecorate your house

•• Shop for you and your family. Shop for you and your family.

•• Prepare sweets and enjoy themPrepare sweets and enjoy them

•• Spend your saved money on an outing. Have a nice Spend your saved money on an outing. Have a nice trip with your family members.trip with your family members.

•• Use that money for some good cause.Use that money for some good cause.

•• Watch movies and stage programmes Watch movies and stage programmes

•• Invest your precious money and secure your futureInvest your precious money and secure your future

If no action is takenIf no action is taken……

•• Already, Global warming and greenhouse Already, Global warming and greenhouse effect have started changing the basic effect have started changing the basic formation of air.formation of air.

•• If we donIf we don’’t take any action, end of the Earth t take any action, end of the Earth is not so far.is not so far.

Some Predicted Future Effects of Some Predicted Future Effects of Climate ChangeClimate Change

•• IPCC (International Panel for Climate IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change)Change)’’sspredictionprediction-- global rise of between 1.1global rise of between 1.1ººC and 6.4C and 6.4ººC by 2100 . C by 2100 . There is a rise of up to +8There is a rise of up to +8°°C or even +11C or even +11ººC. This would C. This would make life intolerable or make life intolerable or unsurvivableunsurvivable. .

•• Continuing spread of malaria and other diseases, much Continuing spread of malaria and other diseases, much increased insect population. Respiratory illnesses due to increased insect population. Respiratory illnesses due to poor air quality with higher temperatures. poor air quality with higher temperatures.

•• Extinction of large numbers of animal and plant species. Extinction of large numbers of animal and plant species. •• Due to warmer water and melting iceDue to warmer water and melting ice-- sea level would rise, sea level would rise,

The IPCC predicts between 28cm and 43cm by 2100, with The IPCC predicts between 28cm and 43cm by 2100, with consequent high storm wave heights, threatening to consequent high storm wave heights, threatening to displace up to 200 million people. displace up to 200 million people.

•• 50% less rainfall in the tropics. Severe water 50% less rainfall in the tropics. Severe water shortages within 25 years shortages within 25 years –– potentially affecting potentially affecting 55 billion people. Widespread crop failures. billion people. Widespread crop failures.

•• 50% more river volume by 2100 in northern 50% more river volume by 2100 in northern countries. countries.

•• Desertification and burning down of agricultural Desertification and burning down of agricultural land and forests. land and forests.

•• Risk of wars fought for water and habitable Risk of wars fought for water and habitable territory. territory.

•• Asia is currently the region most affected by Asia is currently the region most affected by acidification acidification

•• Remember, Remember, we have only 95 years to recover we have only 95 years to recover the damagethe damage, according to the scientists., according to the scientists.

•• It is a very short period to survive.It is a very short period to survive.

•• Now we have to decide, what we want. Now we have to decide, what we want. Enjoyment and luxury or life?Enjoyment and luxury or life?

•• It is the time to actIt is the time to act……

Do or die!!!Do or die!!!

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

I sincerely thank the following sourcesI sincerely thank the following sources……..

•• Greenfacts.comGreenfacts.com•• The Earth institute at Columbia UniversityThe Earth institute at Columbia University•• indianchild.comindianchild.com•• transport2000.orgtransport2000.org•• cca.orgcca.org•• cpcb.nic.incpcb.nic.in•• diwalifestival.orgdiwalifestival.org•• Exploringourenvironment (Maharashtra government site)Exploringourenvironment (Maharashtra government site)

LET’S CELEBRATE ECO-DIWALI…

HAPPY ECOHAPPY ECO--DIWALIDIWALI

THANK YOUTHANK YOU……